Chapter 14
Lifestyle Diseases
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Chapter 14
Lifestyle Diseases—TRUE OR FALSE???
•Do you eat foods low in saturated fat and sugar, and
high in fiber?
•Do you eat foods that are low in added salt and
sugar?
•Do you get some form of exercise every day?
•Do you avoid tobacco products and smoky
environments?
•Do you get a yearly physical exam?
•Do you use sunscreen when you’re outside?
•Do you eat at least 2 servings (each) of fruits and
vegetables each day?
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Chapter 14
Lifestyle Diseases
Contents
Section 1
Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Section 2
Cardiovascular Diseases
Section 3
Cancer
Section 4
Living with Diabetes
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Chapter 14
Section 1
Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
Bell ringer
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise and make a crease.
At the top of one side, write the word “Healthy.”
At the top of the other side, write the word “Risky.”
List under each title the things people do that are either
healthy or risky to their health.
Healthy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Risky
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
What Are Lifestyle Diseases?
1. Caused by:
• unhealthy behaviors (controllable risk
factors)
• other factors (uncontrollable risk factors)
2. Examples:
• cardiovascular disease
• many forms of cancer
• diabetes
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases
•
•
•
•
Uncontrollable
Controllable
age
gender
ethnicity
Heredity (family hx)
• diet and body weight
• daily levels of
physical activity
• level of sun
exposure
• smoking and alcohol
abuse
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Controllable Risk Factors
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Chapter 14
Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle
Diseases
The bottom line…
When you know the factors
that contribute to lifestyle
diseases, you can make
lifestyle choices now to
reduce your chances of
these diseases later in life.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
What Are Cardiovascular Diseases?
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs):
1. the leading cause of death in the
United States
2. result from progressive damage
(over time) to the heart and blood
vessels
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Chapter 14
Section 2
Cardiovascular Diseases
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
The four main types of CVD are:
1. high blood pressure
(the “silent” killer)
2. Atherosclerosis
(hardening / blockage of arteries)
3. stroke
4. heart attack
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
BLOOD PRESSURE
• Definition: the force that blood
exerts on the walls of a blood
vessel
• HIGH BP weakens and injures
blood vessel walls, leading to
other cardiovascular diseases.
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
• fatty materials (cholesterol &
plaque) build up on artery walls
• Reduces and blocks blood flow
• Breaks apart & releases clots
that cause strokes or heart
attacks
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CHOLESTEROL (2 sources)
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
3. Stroke
• blood flow to an area of the brain
is interrupted (blockage OR
ruptured blood vessel)
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
STROKE (signs & symptoms)
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Chapter 14
RECOGNIZING A STROKE-NEW INFORMATION!!!
Some doctors say that if a neurologist can begin treating a stroke victim within 3 hours
they can totally reverse the effects of a stroke. The trick is getting the patient medically
cared for within 3 hours, which is tough…….
Remember the 1st Three Letters: S-T-R
Some doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple
questions:
S Ask the individual to SMILE
T Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE coherently (ex: “It is
sunny out today.”)
R Ask them to RAISE BOTH ARMS
New Sign of a Stroke: ask the person to STICK OUT THEIR TOUNGUE.
If the tongue is 'crooked‘ or goes to one side or the other, that is also an indication of a
stroke.
If they have trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call 911 immediately and describe
the symptoms to the dispatcher.
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Chapter 14
HEART ATTACK
• damage and loss
of function of an
area of the heart
muscle
• often caused by a
blockage of the
coronary arteries
that carry blood
into the heart.
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Coronary artery blockage
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Coronary artery stenosis
w/ blood clot
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Testing for CVD
1.check your blood pressure
2.electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
3.ultrasound
4.angiogram
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Testing for CVD
1. Check your BP: monitors cardiovascular
health and helps detect CVDs.
• Blood pressures are given in the form
“Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure.”
•
•
Systolic pressure is the maximum blood
pressure when the heart contracts.
Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure
between heart contractions.
• Normal BP is about 120/80
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Detecting and Testing for CVD
2. electrocardiogram (EKG)
• measures the electrical activity of
the heart
3. ultrasound
• images of the pumping heart and
heart valves
4. angiogram
• injecting dye into the coronary
arteries to look for blockages
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Angiogram of the heart
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Cerebral angiogram with blockage
Where’s
the
blockage?
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Cardiac angiogram with blockage
Where’s
the
blockage?
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Chapter 14
Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases
Preventing & Treating CVD
• reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt
• maintaining healthy weight
• avoid tobacco
• do cardiovascular exercise regularly
• monitor BP & cholesterol levels
• reducing stress
• Medications (low-dose aspirin, Rx, etc)
• surgery (bypass, angioplasty, pacemaker,
transplant)
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Chapter 14
Section 3
Cancer
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
What Is Cancer?
• 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S.,
after CVDs.
• Definition: uncontrolled cell growth
(starts with genetic damage. When the genes
that control cell growth are damaged, some cells
begin to divide more rapidly than normal,
forming tumors.) click here for video
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Tumors & the spread of cancer…
1. Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that
invades and destroys normal tissue.
2. Benign tumor: an abnormal but usually
harmless cell mass.
3. Metastasis: a process in which cancer
cells break away from a tumor and travel
to other parts of the body, creating new
tumors.
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Metastasis
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
What Causes Cancer?
1. Inheriting damaged or mutated genes
can increase your chance of getting
cancer.
2. Environmental effects—coming in
contact with carcinogens (cancer
causing agents) throughout your life
Ex: poor diet, smoking, sun
overexposure, chemicals, etc
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Detecting Cancer
• self-exams (skin, breast &
testicle)
• x rays (ex: mammogram)
• biopsies (tissue samples)
• MRI
• blood and DNA tests
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Preventing Cancer
1. Don’t smoke
2. Limit overexposure to UV radiation
3. Eat less saturated fats
4. Eat more fruits, vegetables & fiber
5. Exercise & maintain a healthy weight
6. Get regular medical checkups
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Chapter 14
Section 3 Cancer
Treating Cancer
1. surgery – removes tumor
2. chemotherapy – using
drugs to kill cancer cells
3. radiation therapy – using
radiation to kill cancer cells
4. strengthen the immune
system
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Section 4
Living with Diabetes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Bell ringer
Name some foods that you eat that are
high in sugar?
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
What Is Diabetes?
• Glucose: provides your cells with energy,
circulating through the body in the
bloodstream.
• Insulin: a hormone produced in the pancreas
that allows cells to remove (use) glucose
from the blood.
• Diabetes: a disorder in which cells are
unable to use (remove) glucose from the
blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels
& high levels of harmful toxins.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Types of Diabetes?
• Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset):
• the pancreas does not produce
enough insulin.
• Type 2 diabetes (adult onset):
• insulin is produced, but the body’s
cells fail to respond to the insulin.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Why is Diabetes harmful???
1. The body uses fat and protein instead of
glucose for energy, causing a build-up of
toxic substances in the blood that damages
blood vessels & other tissues (and can lead
to organ failure).
2. A diabetic coma is a loss of consciousness
that happens when there is too much blood
sugar and too many toxic substances in the
blood.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Detecting Diabetes
• Early detection is important to avoid
these severe complications:
• blindness
• stroke
• kidney disease
• loss of lower limbs
• If you have symptoms of diabetes, see
a doctor as soon as possible.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Testing for Diabetes
• Urinalysis
• Glucose-tolerance tests
• Insulin tests
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Treating Diabetes
• Type 1:
• keeping blood-glucose levels as close to normal
as possible.
• check blood-glucose levels several times a day
and must learn to give themselves insulin
injections.
• Type 2:
• sometimes involves injecting insulin, but usually
focuses on frequent exercise and a healthy diet
with moderate amounts of sugar.
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Chapter 14
Section 4 Living with Diabetes
Preventing Diabetes
Type 1 (juvenile onset):
• currently no way to prevent
Type 2 (adult onset):
1. exercise regularly
2. maintain a healthy weight
3. eat a healthy diet
4. avoid tobacco products
5. reduce stress levels
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End of Chapter 14
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.