REGULATORY HOT TOPICS INDEPENDENT OWNERS CONFERENCE May 2, 2012 La Costa Resort Carlsbad, CA STAYING IN THE “NOW” 2012 HOT TOPICS 4 Field Operations Branch Chief Responsibilities Branch Chief District Offices Specialties ICF MR Clinics Training Central Applications State Facilities Unit Life Safety Code End Stage Renal Dis. Transplant Programs Gen. Acute Care Hospital Home Health Agencies Hospices Adult Day Health Centers OSHPD JCAHO Consultants Administrative Penalties Adverse Events Medical Info. Breeches ASC SNFs Emergency Coordination Region I Ley Arquisola Region II Region III Region IV Region V Carol Turner Virginia Yamashiro Michael Egstad Ernie Pooleon Orange, Riverside, San Sacramento, Diego No./So., Chico, Santa Rosa, San Bernardino Fresno Daly City, East Bay, San Jose, Ventura, Bakersfield New Hired Region VI Vacant Emergency Prepared. Dan Kotyk Los Angeles County X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 4 3.2 NHPPD STAFFING AUDITS Current Audit Period: July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012 425+ audits completed CDPH projects all audits will be completed by August 80% of audits = facility in full compliance 10 penalty notices have been issued 3.2 NHPPD Audit Process On entrance auditor will provide contact information for supervisor. Auditor will utilize payroll data Length of audit: average is 3 days Audit Staff Hierarchy Chief Research Branch Amy Blandford Amy Blandford: 916-552-8971 Amy.blandford@cdph.ca.gov Tina Kruthoff: 916-319-9036 Chief Forecasting Tina Kruthoff Tina.kruthoff@cdph.ca.gov Leslie Fullerton: 440-7083 Field Audit Chief Leslie.fullerton@cdph.ca.gov Pam Power: 916-552-8967 Leslie Fullerton Pam.power@cdph.ca.gov Evelyn Schaeffer: 916-445-8567 Evelyn.schaeffer@cdph.ca.gov Field Audit Supervisor Pam Power Field Audit Supervisor Evelyn Schaeffer 3.2 NHPPD Audit Clarifications Counting of DON in buildings with 59 or fewer licensed beds- no sign-in of DON required. - Corporate payroll- negative deductions, vacation, etc. - Vacation, sick leave, PTO requests, etc. - Work hour agreements for salaried staff. - Leave balance reports indicating paid time off, sick or PTO requests - Training requests and records. Nurse Assistants - HS 280 is key - NA is employee - “Counted Hours” are those worked beyond clinical and NA is “checked off” on related competencies HS 280 is Key 3.2 NHPPD Audit Clarifications Actual Hours Worked – Audit process calculates nursing staff time by the minute Activity Staff- CNAs who are activity staff and implementing the resident’s plan of care are “countable”. ( Activity Program Director excluded) Dual Role Employees- Must document time providing nursing services on CDPH 530 3.2 NHPPD Audit Clarifications RN Supervisor- Hours are countable as nursing services ADON- ADON hours will be excluded ONLY WHEN ADON is acting for the DON. ( Does not apply to facilities of 59 beds or less). Re-capping Physician Orders – This is “countable” time. 3.2 NHPPD Audit Issues Staff work in lieu of meal period- must have waiver in place Census- When staff out of building with residentstaff time “countable” for 3.2 NHPPD calculation CDPH “FAQ” document remains pending Check Your Staffing Data! What do your staffing numbers say? OSHPD-submitted staffing data CDS 671 – Five Star CDPH 3.2 NHPPD audit determination Independent Informal Dispute Resolution (IIDR) Conducted by staff within the Center For HealthCare Quality. One year approval of process by CMS CAHF goal = independent entity conducts reviews Facility has G or above deficiencies and a CMP will be Imposed, collected, and put in escrow Facility is cited for deficiencies In a standard or complaint survey Initiated after 1/1/12 facility wishes to Informally appeal these deficiencies Which IDR process Is appropriate to Consider? Facility has deficiencies that are D, E, or F in scope and severity IIDR Process Flow Facility offered IIDR and formal appeal rights (MUST ASK FOR IIDR within 10 calendar days of receipt of notice) Ombudsman and resident or family rep allowed to comment Facility offered IDR and formal appeal rights IIDR conducted and completed within 60 days of request and a formal written record is generated Final changes if any made and new 2567 issued Collection of CMP at time of IIDR completion or within 90 days of date of notice of imposition Formal appeal available if requested timely Elder Justice Act (EJA) Surveyors are now being trained to evaluate facility compliance: • Covered individuals are notified of reporting obligations annually. • Posted notice is accessible ( in area(s) used by covered individuals. • Abuse reporting processes are inclusive of EJA requirements. https://member.cahf.org/Operations/Regulatory/tabid/160/ Default.aspx#REPORTING_REQUIREMENTS September 2011 OIG Report Leads To Change in Complaint Process Effective Immediately: CDPH directed by CMS to use federal complaint process Will impact Five Star Scores Onsite complaint visits are now conducted using the federal abbreviated standard survey process P&P and AFL “pending” http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region9/90900114.pdf COMPLAINTS & ENTITY REPORTED INCIDENTS Fiscal Year Complaints Entity Reported Incidents Total Change from Complaints + Baseline ERIs Closed Complaints Closed Entity Reported Incidents 2004/05 9,007 14,778 23,785 Baseline 99.2% 99.6% 2005/06 8,900 19,701 28,601 20.2% 20.2% 98.5% 99.5% 2006/07 9,155 21,705 30,860 29.7% 7.9% 98.0% 99.5% 2007/08 10,544 24,046 34,590 45.4% 12.1% 96.3% 98.9% 2008/09 9,643 26,217 35,860 50.8% 3.7% 90.3% 95.6% 2009/10 9,452 28,533 37,985 59.7% 5.9% 82.9% 91.5% 2010/11 9,586 28,676 38,262 60.9% 0.7% 69.5% 82.6% 2011/12 projection 9,830 *29,633 39,463 65.9% 3.1% 64.6% 79.8% Annual Increase Complaints Completed within 45 and 90 Days 07/01/10-06/30/11 # Complaints to # Complaints % Complaints # Complaints % Complaints Facility Type Investigate done in 45 days done in 45 Days done in 90 days done in 90 days SNFs 5063 2879 56.86% 3415 67.75% GACHs 2872 764 26.60% 1113 38.75% IMRs 435 256 58.85% 309 71.1% HHAs 217 63 29.03% 86 39.63% ESRDs 132 36 27.27% 75 56.82% Hospice 79 25 31.65% 46 58.22% FQHCs 59 29 49.15% 42 71.18% ASCs 40 6 15.00% 16 40.0% RHCs 8 2 25.00% 3 37.5% 20 ERIs Completed within 45 and 90 Days 07/01/10-06/30/11 Facility Type # ERIs to Investigate # ERIs done in % ERIs done 45 days in 45 Days # ERIs done in 90 days % ERIs done in 90 days SNFs 7468 3933 52.66% 4730 63.33% GACHs 6618 1909 28.85% 2546 38.47% IMRs 2919 1014 34.74% 1587 54.37% HHAs 85 19 22.35% 26 30.59% FQHCs 37 10 27.03% 16 43.24% Hospice 36 9 25.00% 12 36.33% ESRDs 35 18 51.43% 21 60.00% ASCs 4 1 25.00% RHCs 4 2 50.00% February 2012 OIG Report Criticizes California Plan of Correction Oversight Deficiency ratings understated for 23 of 178 deficiencies (13 percent); Did not ensure that 40 of 52 correction plans (77 percent) contained specific information addressing the 5 corrective action elements; and Did not verify the correction of identified deficiencies by obtaining evidence of correction. April 2012 OIG Report Finds Gaps IN SNF Disaster Preparedness Unreliable transportation contracts, Lack of collaboration with local emergency management, and; Residents who developed health problems. LTC ombudsmen were often unable to support nursing home residents during disasters; SAs reported making some efforts to assist nursing homes during disasters, mostly related to nursing home compliance issues and ad hoc needs. CAHF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS RESOURCES http://www.cahfdisasterprep.com/ Jocelyn Montgomery, CAHF Director of Clinical Affairs and Manager of Disaster Preparedness Grant jmontgomery@cahf.org 916-441-6400 X 214 Antipsychotic Drug Use in Long-Term Care California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform CANHR’s lawyer referral service currently has 125 participating attorney’s all of whom agree to accept at least two pro bono and two reduced fee cases per year. Antipsychotic Drug Use in Long-Term Care California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform CANHR receives 15% of attorneys’ fees to support its advocacy work. In 2009-10, the lawyer referral service referred 657 clients to panel attorneys in California. More To Come…. CANHR is co-sponsoring back-to-back full day dementia care trainings in San Diego and Los Angeles. June 4 – San Diego – only $30 for lunch and materials. Co-sponsored by San Diego County Long-term Care Ombudsman and Elder Law & Advocacy. June 5 – Los Angeles – only $30 for lunch and materials. Co-sponsored by Wise and Healthy Aging, Senior Care Training, and Bet Tzedek. Antipsychotic Drug Use in Long-Term Care “Cause for Alarm: Antipsychotic Drugs for Nursing Home Patients” “Nursing homes should be penalized for overuse of antipsychotic medications for dementia residents, federal investigator says” Antipsychotic Drug Use in Long-Term Care “Nursing Home Investigation Finds Errors by Druggists” “Alzheimer's and Psychoactive Medications -- A Controversial Decision for Caregivers” Huffington Post Antipsychotic Drug Use in Long-Term Care Antipsychotic Drug Use in Long-Term Care ANTI-PSYCHOTIC MEDICATION WORKSHOP A Template for CAHF Chapters Format Panelists Suggested Questions Draft Press Release Talking Points CEU information Located at www.cahf.org “Members Only” Section Under “Hotlinks” CDPH Antipsychotic Collaborative with Department of Health Care Services Collaborative goal: Promote appropriate use of antipsychotic medication by: Identifying inappropriate antipsychotic use in SNF residents with a diagnosis of dementia. Provider education. Interagency agreement – Started May 2010 Data provided by MediCal Pharmacy Benefits Division Antipsychotic Collaborative “Target” Criteria Residents currently prescribed either: Two antipsychotic medications concurrently OR One ( or more) antipsychotic medication(s) with a primary diagnosis of Alzheimer’s or dementia with or without a co-existing diagnosis of SMI 32 CDPH Investigative Process Complaint investigation process: Survey team limited to Pharmaceutical Consultants on LTC Task in these District Offices: Chico East Bay Fresno Sacramento San Diego San Jose Santa Rosa/ Redwood Coast Investigations Findings May 2010 through January 24, 2011 Investigations completed: 11 Regulatory violations cited per investigation: on average five. Inappropriate antipsychotic polypharmacy (54%); Consultant pharmacist's failure to identify antipsychotic polypharmacy (54%); Care plan related issues (64%) Informed consent related issues (27%) Antipsychotic Use Reduction Initiatives AHCA Quality Initiative- charges members to safely reduce the off-label use of antipsychotics by 15 percent by December 31, 2012 CMS Initiative to Improve Behavioral Health and Reduce the Use of Antipsychotic Medications in Nursing Homes Residents - aims to reduce the use of these drugs by 15 percent before the end of 2012 MDS 3.0 and New Public QM Psychoactive Medication Use in Absence of Psychotic or Related Condition Check coding at Section I ( Active Diagnosis) - Schizophrenia and Bipolar disease are exclusions - Review RAI manual for other related exclusions Resources Improving Antipsychotic Appropriateness in Dementia Patients (IA-ADAPT) Website https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/igec/IAADAPT AHCA http://www.ahcancal.org/quality_improvement/qualityi nitiative/Pages/default.aspx CMS Delivers Antipsychotic Reduction Message Via You Tube Surveyors have a template for evaluating antipsychotic Rx use in persons with dementia who do not have psychiatric diagnosis Key areas of emphasis: Consistent assignment Non-pharmacological interventions Consultant pharmacist role Enough staff? Beyond Verifying Informed Consent Was Obtained New surveyor focus: F 154- Resident/family are fully informed in advance about care and treatment and of any changes in same that might affect the resident’s well-being. - Care planning processes document res/family agreement with plan of care - Need to reflect in record how resident/family informed of plan of care- including medications CMS Initiative If antipsychotic Rx needed in emergent situation were underlying causes considered? Was dose one time with further follow-up? If weekend/night- any evidence Rx ordered for staff convenience? Was family notified? How is Rx use evaluated via QAA process? CMS Initiative Five Star will display use of antipsychotic Rx for residents with dementia. (Long Stay) State survey agency will be provided with the same data. Video release set for this summer: “Hand in Hand” CMS You Tube Posting: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1_rpO0bwbM&list=U UhHTRPxz8awulGaTMh3SAkA&index=3&feature=plcp CMS Initiative Care planning and antipsychotic medication use: - How will staff monitor to determine if target symptoms are reduced? - What side effects will be monitored? - On interview can nursing staff demonstrate they know what side effects to watch for? - Does consultant pharmacist have role in care planning? What’s on Your Surveyor’s I Pad? This CMS broadcast was designed as an educational video for state and federal surveyors. It is 2 hours and 30 minutes in length, and provides an introduction to the 2006 revisions of the Unnecessary Drugs and Pharmacy Services regulations. http://surveyortraining.cms.hhs.gov/pubs/VideoInfor mation.aspx?cid=1055 What’s on Your Surveyor’s I Pad? This presentation was produced by the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). This guidance training includes a slide show presentation, notes for the instructor, and the general message on each slide. Some of the goals of this training presentation include describing the MRR regulation, identifying compliance with the regulation and issues that lead to an F428 investigation, and categorizing the severity of non-compliance issues. http://www.aging.pitt.edu/professionals/resources/S& C-06-29-11-F428MedRegReviewInstructorGuide.pdf CHA Patient Safety Committee CAHF Staff now members of this committee Focus is safe hand-offs during care transitions from acute to SNF; - medication reconciliation - informed consent Health Care Acquired Infections ( HAI) F441- Surveyors are receiving additional training on HAI HAI = symptoms emerge more than 72 hours postadmission. Antimicrobial StewardshipCMS is now holding facilities accountable for physician prescribing. CAUTI, CLABSI Title 22 Top 10 Tags 2011 Rank Regulation Description 1 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART5-72521(d) Administrative Policies and Procedures 427 2 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART3-72311(a)(1)(A) Nursing Service--General 225 3 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART3-72311(a)(1)(B) Nursing Service--General 207 4 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART3-72311(a)(2) Nursing Service--General 187 5 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART5-72543(e)(3) 178 6 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART3-72313(a)(2) Patients' Health Records Nursing Service--Administration of Medication 7 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART5-72527(a)(10) Patients' Rights 156 8 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART3-72315(b) Nursing Service--Patient Care 145 9 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART3-72311(a)(1)(C) Nursing Service--General 141 10 T22 DIV5 CH3 ART5-72533(c)(5) Employee Personnel Records 47 Frequency 177 126 F TAGS 2012 F Tag Percentage of Facilities Cited F 371 – Food- Sanitary Conditions 56% F 441 - Infection Control 52% F 323 - Accidents/Supervision 42% F 309- Necessary Care/Services 39% F 279 - Care Plan Comprehensive 36% F 514- Clinical Record maintained 32% F 431 - Labeling/Storage/Control of Drugs 31% F 465 - Physical Environment 29% F 329 - Unnecessary Drugs 27% F 241 - Dignity 26% CMS Scrutinizing Room Size Waivers Triage residents placed in smaller spaces Probe and Document routinely- are residents: - Able to move about room; - Is path of travel clear; - Is adaptive/personal equipment accommodated ? Evaluate resident/family satisfaction Top K Tags 2012 K TAG CA US K147- Electrical 55.1% 28% K018- Corridor Doors 53.9% 26% K062- Automatic Fire Sprinkler Maintenance 44.5% 27% K144- Emergency Generator Testing and Inspection 35.9% 16% K012- Building Construction Type 32.9% 12% ENFORCEMENT IN 2012 Deficiency Free Surveys CA 1.5% US 9.3% Immediate Jeopardy 1.9% 1.4% Substandard Quality of Care 2.2% G Level or Above 1.3% 2.6% Five Star In California FIVE STARS 18 % FOUR STARS 26.5% THREE STARS 21.5% TWO STARS 20% ONE STAR 13.4% Looking Ahead What’s Happening Next? AHCA Quality Initiative Safely Reduce Hospital Readmissions: By March 2015, reduce the number of hospital readmissions within 30 days during a SNF stay by 15 percent. Increase Staff Stability: By March 2015, reduce turnover among nursing staff (RN, LPN/LVN, CNA) by 15 percent. Increase Customer Satisfaction: By March 2015, increase the number of customers who would recommend the facility to others up to 90 percent. Safely Reduce the Off-Label Use of Antipsychotics: By December 2012, reduce the off-label use of antipsychotic drugs by 15 percent. Reducing Hospital Readmissions “Bounce Backs” - 24-28 hours -----relates to hospital quality of care Calculation: # of SNF patients admitted to a hospital (excluding ER-only visits and observations stays) from the SNF within 30 days of hospital discharge ÷ All SNF admissions to this facility within 3 days of hospital discharge OSHA National Emphasis Program Focus on SNFs TARGET: Facilities with a DART of over 10% In effect April 5, 2012 through April 2015 1. Ergonomic stressors associated with lifting 2. Slips, trips, and falls 3. Bloodborne pathogens 4. Exposure to TB and; 5. Workplace violence For further information: https://member.cahf.org/Operations/Regulatory/WhatsNew/ta bid/516/Default.aspx Medication-Related Harm- LTC Facilities One out of ten SNF residents suffers a medication related injury ( out of 100 beds) every month. • 42% are preventable • Serious injuries- 61% are preventable Incidence of adverse drug events in two large academic long-term care facilities- JAMA, March 2005 Medication Safety Event Tracking ( MedSET) New CDPH initiative to evaluate medication-related events that are cited. Includes LTC, Acute , ESRD, etc. 12 categories with 85 sub-categories Looks at medication-related events and trends Includes only deficiencies written by CDPH pharmacists. uc t el, Pa ck rC om m 2 3 1 no log y 1 3 Te ch 1 2 Us e ... Co mp ou nd ing Dis pe ns ing Dis trib u ti on Ad mi nis tra t io n Mo n it ori ng Co mp ete nc y La b rde bin g 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Pr od Rx O Pr es cr i Number of AP Occurrences Med SET Error Categories Medication System- 20XX Event Tracker 15 6 2 1 Error Category 59 Fa Un ilu au re th to or Or ize de d r Pr e Co sc W ro nt r.. . ra ng in P di at ca ien W te ro t d ng Me Do d. .. sa ge Fo W rm ro W ng ro Do ng se Fr eq ue W nc ro y ng W Ro W ro ro ut n g ng e Du Ra ra te tio of n W I n ro fu sio ng n In d ica Un t io cl ea In rO n fo rm rd er ed s Un Co ne ns ce en ss t ar yM ed Or de rS et s No. of Occurrences Med SET Medication System Event Tracker Prescribing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 7 3 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 1 Error Subcategories 4 2 1 1 MDS 3.0 QM Report STATE AVERAGE NATIONAL AVERAGE Moderate/Severe Pain (S) 22.3% 23.2% Moderate/Severe Pain (L) 10.7% 12.2% Hi-Risk Residents w/Pressure Ulcers (L) 7.9% 7.6% New/Worsened Pressure Ulcers (S) 1.5% 1.9% Physical restraints (L) 3.9% 2.3% 30.9% 44.5% Falls w/ Major Injury (L) 1.8% 3.5% Behavior Sx Affecting Others (L) 19.6% 23.8% Depressive Symptoms 3.1% 7.9% Urinary Tract Infection (L) 8.0% 8.2% Catheter Inserted/Left in Bladder (L) 5.3% 5.1% Low-Risk residents Who Lose Bladder Control 43.4% 41.7% 6.5% 6.8% 13.8% 17.2% Psychoactive Rx Use in Absence of Psychotic or Related Condition (L) Falls (L) Excessive Weight Loss (L) Need For Help w/ADLs Increased (L) MDS 3.0 SECTION Q Expect CDPH to increase focus on facility compliance with MDS 3.0 Section Q Does facility have documented evidence of follow-up with the designated county “Lead Agency” when a resident expresses the desire to learn about options for living in the community? http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/ltc/Pages/MDS3,Sectio nQ.aspx Quality Assurance and Performance Improvement (QAPI) Overview Mandated as part of Affordable Care Act, enacted March, 2010 National implementation in 2013 Legislation requires CMS to establish QAPI program standards and provide technical assistance A demonstration project will develop and test QAPI in nursing homes QAPI Demonstration QAPI RESOURCES AHCA QAPI RESOURCES: http://www.ahcancal.org/facility_operations/survey_cer tification/Documents/QAPI_resources.pdf Five Elements of QAPI Design and Scope • Governance and Leadership • Feedback, Data Systems and Monitoring • Performance Improvement Projects (PIPs) • Systematic Analysis and Systemic Action The Quality Indicator Survey QIS 67 The Quality Indicator Survey CMS’ new computerized Federal survey process. Same regulations and guidance. Appendix PP and F tags. Intended to improve consistency across the nation. CA facilities can expect fewer deficiencies than traditional survey process. Tendency of QIS to bunch findings into fewer regulations. 68 Training process for surveyors Surveyors who have met Surveyor Minimum Qualifications Test will require: 5 days classroom training 4 day mock survey 2 full recertification surveys of record with trainer 69 QIS Stage 1 Initially review large samples, up to 70 current and former residents randomly selected by software. Conduct family, resident and staff interviews, resident observations and clinical record reviews. Results of preliminary investigations calculated by software to determine Quality of Care and Quality of Life Indicators (QCLIs). 70 QIS Stage 2 Investigation of triggered resident specific care areas Completion of Mandatory Facility Tasks and NonMandatory Facility Tasks. Final analysis and exit ? Meeting with Maintenance 71 QIS and California Fully implemented in AZ and HI for Re-certifications. CA in Band 5, initially scheduled for July 2012. Will be delayed until 2013. Completing process in CA will take a while, up to three years. There may be an increase in time between surveys during implementation period; the 12.9 month average or 15.9 maximum may lengthen during grace period. 72 What to expect as a facility Majority of surveys will have 4 surveyors Surveys should take 5 days Sample size and number of surveyors is the same with exception of very small, <40, or very large facilities. Surveyors will have a few lengthy team meetings in conference room. Do not be alarmed. 73 What to expect with QIS To date, well received by providers. Process tends to seek less input from DON’s. More information from residents and other facility staff. 74 Specific changes Staff will notice For DON/Administrator: entrance conference information needed ASAP. Facility will know survey sample. Less involvement until Stage 2. For Direct Care Staff: no facility tour, however required staff interviews for all residents. Consumes less staff time. Same information will be requested on every survey. Will help facility and surveyors to have it readily accessible. *The following timeline is for illustration and can vary based on survey. 75 National Background Check Program Sec 6201(a) National rollout continues through 2012. 18 States and Territories have already started. Next round of State solicitations ends 02/28/2012. Details in S&C 12-11, released 12/09/2011. Background clearance for prospective long term care employees with direct access to residents Including adult day care and residential care facilities Registries development Fingerprinting 76 CMS MEMO ON ABUSE REPORTING Currently in draft CAHF working with AHCA on comments Imposes “strict liability” standard Uses “reasonable person” standard for reporting determinations Policies and Procedures Effective? Comprehensive v Cumbersome? Current? Effective Does QA review include assessment of effectiveness? Communicated to those who must implement? Is there a feedback mechanism for users? Too Little or Too Much? Inventory current policies Check that Required P&P are in place (state and federal) Carefully evaluate existing P&P and edit when: -too lengthy - unclear - not required/needed Policy and Procedure Resources Heaton Resources/Med-Pass $279.00 Comes with manual and cd – cd has documents in word format so you can make changes It is updated twice a year – the first year is included. After the first year the updates are about half that cost. Customer service @ 800-438-8884 Policy and Procedure Resources Anderson Health : Administrative Manual Health Information/Record Manual Each manual is sold in hard copy format, and a CD is included as well for no additional cost. Each manual is sold for $149, plus a $10.70 postage fee for a total of $159.70. There is also an annual fee of $35 per manual to receive updates. Email: office@ahis.net