OBAT TRADISIONAL DAN CAM
KLASIFIKASI BATTRA
(Pasal 59 ayat 1 UU 36/2009)
Dikelompokkan berdasarkan metode
yang dominan digunakan
KETERAMPILAN
RAMUAN
MANUAL
Battra
Battra
Jamu, Gurah,
Homoeopath,
Aromaterapi,
SPA terapi,
Sinshe,
Api/sengat terapi
pijat urut,
shiatsu,
patah
tulang,
refleksi,
akupressur
ALAT/TEKNOLOGI
MENTAL/O.FIK
Battra
Battra
akupunktur,
chiropraksi,
battra bekam,
Pnta-kecantikan
reiki, qigong,
kebatinan,
tenaga dalam,
paranormal,
Hipnoteraphi
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ALUR PERKEMBANGAN YANKES TRADKOM
GLOBALISASI
INTEGRASI
YANKES
TIMUR
(NON
KONVENSIONAL)
BARAT
(KONVENSIONAL)
EVIDENCE BASED
WESTERN/MODERN
DOKTER
(Fas Kes)
EVIDENCE BASED
HILIR
BUKTI EMPIRIS
KESTRAD TERUJI
KESTRAD
HULU
DOKTER Plus
(Fas Kes)
MASYARAKAT
-UKBM
-BATTRA
PENAPISAN
MASYARAKAT
-UKBM
-BATTRA
- KAJI
- LIT
- UJI
SENTRA P3T
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Jamu, Obat Herbal Terstandar
dan Fitofarmaka
• Berdasarkan cara pembuatan serta jenis klaim
penggunaan dan tingkat pembuktian khasiat,
Obat Bahan Alam Indonesia dikelompokkan
menjadi:
– Jamu
– Obat Herbal Terstandar
– Fitofarmaka
JAMU
• Jamu
– Aman sesuai dengan persyaratan yang ditetapkan
– Klaim khasiat dibuktikan berdasarkan data empiris
– Memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang berlaku
Obat Herbal Terstandar
• Aman sesuai dengan persyaratan yang
ditetapkan
• Klaim khasiat dibuktikan secara ilmiah/pra
klinik
• Telah dilakukan standarisasi terhadap bahan
baku yang digunakan dalam produk jadi
Fitofarmaka
• Aman sesuai dengan persyaratan yang
ditetapkan
• Klaim khasiat harus dibuktikan berdasarkan uji
klinik
• Telah dilakukan standarisasi terhadap bahan
baku yang digunakan dalam produk jadi
• Memenuhi persyaratan mutu yang berlaku
Definitions
“Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a
Group of Diverse Medical and Health Care
Systems, Practices, and Products That are Not
Presently Considered Part of Conventional
Medicine”
NCCAM
Definitions
• “Complementary Medicine is Used Together
With Conventional Medicine.”
• “Alternative Medicine is Used in Place of
Conventional Medicine.”
NCCAM
5 Domains of CAM
Alternative
Medical
Systems
Ayurveda, Chinese, Native American, Aboriginal, African,
Middle Eastern, Tibetan, Central and South American cultures,
Homeopathy, Naturopathy
Mind-Body
Interventions
cognitive-behavioral approaches, meditation, hypnosis, dance,
music, art therapy, prayer, mental healing, visual imagery
Biological
Based
Therapies
dietary supplements, herbs, orthomolecular (varying
concentrations of chemicals, such as, magnesium, melatonin, and
mega-doses of vitamins), individual biological therapies (use of
laetrile, shark cartilage, bee pollen).
Manipulative
And BodyBased Methods
chiropractic, osteopathic manipulation, massage, reflexology
Energy Therapies
Biofield therapies: Qi gong, Reiki, therapeutic touch
Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies: pulsed fields, magnetic
fields, or alternating current or direct current fields
As defined by NCCAM
Definitions
• Ayurveda - India's traditional, natural system of medicine that
has been practiced for more than 5,000 years. Ayurveda
provides an integrated approach to preventing and treating
illness through lifestyle interventions and natural therapies.
Ayurvedic theory states that all disease begins with an
imbalance or stress in the individual's consciousness. Lifestyle
interventions are a major ayurvedic preventive and
therapeutic approach. Ayurvedic practices is to cleanse the
body of substances that can cause disease, and this is
believed to help reestablish harmony and balance.
Definitions
• Homeopathy - a system of medical practices based on the
theory that any substance that can produce symptoms of
disease or illness in a healthy person can cure those
symptoms in a sick person. For example, someone suffering
from insomnia may be given a homeopathic dose of coffee.
Administered in diluted form, homeopathic remedies are
derived from many natural sources—including plants, metals,
and minerals.
Definitions
• Naturopathy – an alternative medical system. Naturopathic
medicine proposes that there is a healing power in the body
that establishes, maintains, and restores health. Practitioners
work with the patient with a goal of supporting this power
through treatments such as nutrition and lifestyle counseling,
dietary supplements, medicinal plants, exercise, homeopathy,
and treatments from traditional Chinese
medicine.
Definitions
• Qi gong - A component of traditional Chinese medicine that
combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing
to enhance the flow of qi (an ancient term given to what is
believed to be vital energy) in the body, improve blood
circulation, and enhance immune function.
Definitions
• Reiki - A Japanese word representing Universal Life Energy.
Reiki is based on the belief that when spiritual energy is
channeled through a reiki practitioner, the patient's spirit is
healed, which in turn heals the physical body.
Central Concept of TCM
• Organism as a whole
• Relationships
– Between organs
– Between human and nature
» Different diseases occur during different seasons
» Circadian rhythm – seasons and insomnia
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Central Concept of TCM
– Balance
• Yin Yang / Wu Xing (Five Phases)
• Homeostasis
– Overall analysis to reach diagnosis
– Treatment principles
– Finding the “root” cause
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Yin Yang
• Yi Jing – Book of Changes
• Character meaning
– Yin – Radical is about mound or hill, root
describe the side facing away from the sun and
mist.
– Yang - Radical is about mound or hill, root
describe the side facing toward the sun.
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Yin Yang
Yin – cold, weak, restricted, dark, visible,
heavy, turbid, downward, inward.
Yang – hot, excited, moving, strong, bright,
invisible, light, clear, upward, outward.
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Yin Yang
• Opposition and Interdependence
• Relative: Back / Chest
• Concept of health – plant analogy
• Rise and Decline
• Transformation - Extreme decrease in Yin leads to a Yang
condition and vice versa
» Insomnia
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Wu Xing - Five Phases
(Elements)
• Fire, Earth, Metal, Water, Wood.
• Categorizing tool
– Separate according to innate qualities.
– Related to Yin and Yang.
• More concrete categorization.
• Synthesize and summary with observation of
nature.
• Xing = Phases
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Wu Xing
Five Phases Cycle
FIRE
WOOD
WATER
EARTH
METAL
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Five Phases and Human
Body
Viscera
Bowels
Sense Seasons Emotions
Organs
Wood
Liver
Gall Bladder
Eyes
Spring
Anger
Fire
Heart
Small
Intestine
Tongue
Summer
Joy
Earth
Spleen
Stomach
Mouth
Long
Summer
Concern
Metal
Lung
Large
Intestine
Nose
Autumn
Grief
Water
Kidney
Urinary
Bladder
Ear
Winter
Fear
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Zang Fu
(Organ Systems)
To Summarize…
– Categorizes and unifies different parts of the body
• Spans different systems in Western anatomy
• Need clarification during interpretation &
translation
»Example: Liver Qi stagnation
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Qi
• Qi Energy
– Different types with different functions –
Derive from two major sources:
• Food (Gu) and Fresh Air (Qing)
– Nutrient & oxygen metabolism
• Functions: Promote movements, warmth,
immunity, consolidation, control, metabolism, and
transformation.
» Example: Peristalsis
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Blood
Body Fluids
• Blood – Xue
– Formation from food essence, and essence
transformation through bone marrow.
– Main function: Nourish
• Body Fluids – Jin Ye
– Function also to nourish and moisten. It is
considered a component of blood.
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Meridians
• Jing Luo – Main Route and Net (Network)
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What is Acupuncture?
•
•
•
•
Many studies in animals and humans have demonstrated that acupuncture can
cause multiple biological responses… mediated mainly by sensory neurons to
many structures within the central nervous system. This can lead to activation
of pathways affecting various physiological systems in the brain as well as in the
periphery... Considerable evidence supports the claim that opioid peptides are
released during acupuncture and that the analgesic effects of acupuncture are
at least partially explained by their actions. That opioid antagonists such as
naloxone reverse the analgesic effects of acupuncture further strengthens this
hypothesis.
Stimulation by acupuncture may also activate the hypothalamus and the
pituitary gland, resulting in a broad spectrum of systemic effects.
Alteration in the secretion of neurotransmitters and neurohormones and
changes in the regulation of blood flow, both centrally and peripherally, have
been documented.
There is also evidence of alterations in immune functions produced by
acupuncture. Which of these and other physiological changes mediate clinical
effects is at present unclear.
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Acupuncture. NIH Consensus Statement Online 1997 Nov 3-5; month, day]; 15(5):1-34.
What are Meridians?
•
Despite considerable efforts to understand the anatomy and physiology of the
"acupuncture points," the definition and characterization of these points remain
controversial. Even more elusive is the scientific basis of some of the key
traditional Eastern medical concepts … and other related theories, which are
difficult to reconcile with contemporary biomedical information but continue to
play an important role in the evaluation of patients and the formulation of
treatment in acupuncture.
•
The acupuncture points or biological active points (BAP), also known as lowresistance spots or good electro-permeable points, have relative lower electric
Acupuncture.
NIH Consensus
Statement Onlinestudy
1997 Nov
3-5; month, day];
15(5):1-34.
resistance than the surrounding
tissues…
This preliminary
presented
here
shows there exists a bilateral symmetry of the skin resistance of the corresponding
BAPs from the left and the right hands of all chosen subjects over a range of
measuring pressure. .
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;4:2995-8
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Questions & Discussion
Next…
Causes of Illness
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