Some sports have experienced violence, both on and off the
field of play, involving both players and spectators.
1. How does the law and sports legislation help to ensure
that performers are protected during sporting contests?
(3 marks)
2. Explain the consequences of spectator violence, for
example hooliganism, for the clubs and the sporting
authorities.
(4 marks)
Peer –Assessment
Violence can sometimes occur in elite sport, for example
football, both on and off the pitch.
3. Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence
on the pitch? (3 marks)
4. Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may
need the protection of the law during their sporting careers.
(4 marks)
Elite sports performers are expected to be role models and to maintain
high standards of behaviour during their preparation and competition.
5.
Suggest possible reasons why an elite performer may display
behaviour which is deemed
'unacceptable' by coaches, managers and officials.
(3 marks)
6.
The media often report on many aspects of a performers
behaviour. Explain the potential impact on a sport of any negative
publicity.
(3 marks)
1. 3 marks for 3 of:
A. Protect against violent play
B. Employment contracts with clubs/Sponsorship/commercial
contracts/avoid burnout
C. Ensure duty of care from officials/negligence of poor referees
D. Safe playing environment/stadiums are suitable for purpose
E. Protection from violent spectators/hooligans/terrorist threats
F. Ensure opponents using doping methods are banned
G. Equality legislation/racism act/sexism act/disability acts/age or
weight categories/gender
B.
C.
Link to rules is irrelevant
E – Focus not on method
The focus of the question is on
Negative image of sport causes decline in participation rates/smaller the consequences and not the
strategies used
foundation base
A – negative image too vague,
Spectator attendance declines
need consequence
Supporters banned from travelling/attending/matches played
Do NOT accept lose money –
behind closed doors
have to say how money is lost
All supporters treated as hooligans
G – Has to be reference to
Teams banned from competing/loss of points/fined
increase need
2. 4 marks for 4 of:
A.
Any links to private life and
media intrusion is irrelevant
D.
E.
F. Sponsors/commercial deals withdrawn
G. Additional cost to police events/provide more stewards
H. Relationship with local community/other countries declines
/negative impact for hosting future events
3. Why might an elite performer commit an act of violence on the pitch? (3 marks)
1. Over-strong desire to win/over arousal/pressure
2. May be encouraged/asked to do so by coach/team mates/pressure from
sponsors/crowds
3. Player loses control due to action of opponents/referee
decisions/retaliates/frustration
4. Player lacks moral/ethical restraints on personal behaviour
5. Financial rewards
6. Importance of game/cup final/equivalent
4. Explain, using examples, why an elite performer may need the protection of the law
during their sporting careers. (4 marks)
1. Opposition player fouls/protection from violence
2. Off field of play – contracts with employers/administration of wages/assets/Bosman
ruling
3. Sponsorship deals/commercial deals
4. Protection from media intrusion into private life
5. Protection from hooligans during and after games
6. Maintenance of restricted areas during training/competitions
7. Protection from racism/equal opportunities
5. 3 marks for 3 of:
• Pressure from media;
• High expectation of supporters;
• Financial rewards;
• Fear of losing contract/hire and fire culture;
• Retaliation due to foul play;
• Officials decisions;
6. 3 marks for 3 of:
• Less media coverage/reduced media income;
• Loss of sponsorship deals;
• Fewer spectators;
• Reduction in participation rates;
• Increased pressure on NGBs to eliminate poor behaviour;
• Money could be spent in more productive areas such as player
development;
Good progress
Outstanding progress
Target
Grade A &
B
• Achieve target grade on exam
questions using your notes/book
where needed
• Achieve target grade on exam
questions recalling information
from the lesson
Target
Grade C &
D
• Achieve target grade on exam
questions using your notes/book
where needed
• Achieve target grade on exam
questions using your
notes/book where needed
Violence brings sport into disrepute & damages its ability to
encourage children, young people & families to participate
The effect that violence has on
individuals, sport & wider society
Violence of any kind brings a sport into disrepute & damages its
ability to encourage children, young people & families to
participate
Parents are unlikely to let their children participate if:
• If they believe the sport is likely to bring their children into
contact with violence & put their well-being at risk
• If children are encouraged to play inappropriately
• If parents & other supporters abuse officials, opponents or each
other
Violence on the football field can
have a far-reaching effect
•
•
•
•
•
Violence on the football field can
have a far-reaching effect
• Fan violence may lead to poor treatment of legitimate fans &
supporters
• Players injured as a result of foul play may have their livelihoods
& careers curtailed
• players may have their chance at international recognition
damages if whole team is not allowed to play in the competition
• Huge cost of policing & stewarding
• Reputation of the country can be affected when football fans
travel abroad or is seen on television
• Banning of teams can have economic effects that go beyond club
or the individual
• Effect national morale
Sport & the use of
Drugs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1x9KsBkU
Bzo&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okw3y2h-Is&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4G8Cvercw
Drugs that produce an
ergogenic effect or act as an
ergogenic aid - they improve
performance above what
might be achieved normally
Good progress
Outstanding progress
Target
Grade A &
B
• Suggest 5 points of why
performers may take drugs
• Suggest 6+ points of why
performers may take drugs
Target
Grade C &
D
• Suggest 3-4 points of why
performers may take drugs
• Suggest 5 points of why
performers may take drugs
Why do
performers
use drugs?
May be tempted
to use them to
speed recovery
from injury
Pressured by
coaches or
team
managers
Lack moral &
ethical
boundaries
Why do
performers
use drugs?
Believe that
‘everybody
else is doing it’
Lack physical &
psychological
attributes to get
to the top
without the use
of banned drugs
Not fully
aware of
the longterm health
risks
Receive the wrong
guidance or
educational
programmes or have
wrong role models
Rewards of
winning are
so great
May not be
fully aware
that they are
using drugs
PED’s DO NOT guarantee success
Performer still needs psychological & physiological qualities to train
hard – no drug can replace that!
BUT clear that PED’s can make the difference from fourth to
GOLD!
PED’s are most common in sports that have a high proportion of
closed skills – where the relationship between psychological
attributes & success is most clearly linked & direct
Less evidence of PED’s in highly interactive sports with many openskill situations BUT this could also be as a result of weaker testing
regimes
Every sport and every national and international
governing body is engaged in trying to FIND,
PUNISH & PREVENT the use of PED’s by
performers & coaches
How do they do this?
Battle against the use of drugs
• Testing regimes & laboratory facilities to test
performers
• Taking punitive action against those who have
been proved to have used banned substances or
have them within their body
• Trying to educate young performers in the
ethical & moral case against the use of drugs &
ensuring that they are aware of the consequences
as a performer & on their health
• Ensure performers are aware of what is allowed
& not allowed & what there responsibilities are
• What ergogenic effects do these drugs have on a performer/body?
• Research the drug control measure for your own sport. What sanctions are
you likely to face should you be tested positive? Prepare your findings as a
bullet-point revision sheet for the rest of the class
• Look at WADA, NADO & UK Sport to see how they are involved in the
battle against drugs
Home learning
DRUG
EFFECT
Erythropoieti It increases production of red blood cells and haemoglobin, resulting in
n (EPO)
improved movement of oxygen to the muscles.
Anabolic
Increase muscle mass & strength
steroids
(testosterone)
Human
growth
hormone
(HGH)
Stimulates the growth of muscle, cartilage, and bone.
Beta
Blockers
Decrease anxiety, reduce HR
Diuretics
Their purpose is to remove excess water from the body. Firstly to loose weight
rapidly in sports which require the athlete to be within a set weight limit.
Stimulants
speed up the messages to and from the brain. They can make the user feel
more awake, alert or confident. Stimulants increase heart rate, body
temperature and blood pressure. Other effects include reduced appetite, dilated
pupils, talkativeness, agitation and sleep disturbance
Drug testing of elite sports performers is expensive and
often ineffective.
Discuss the suggestion that performance-enhancing drugs
should be allowed in competitive sport.
(4 marks)
Exam questions
4 marks for 4 of: (sub max 2 per section)
(For)
1. Spectators / sponsors / media want to see the best performance possible;
2.
Drugs are just another training aid;
3.
Used correctly there is limited health risk;
4.
Individual choice / aware of the consequences;
5.
Performers don’t ask to be role models;
6.
Level playing field for all performers;
7.
Saves money/time on expensive testing/money could be used for education of
younger athletes;
8.
Testing always one step behind the cheats/chemists/technology.
(Against)
9.
Proven health risks / side effects;
10.
Not all performers have access to doping methods/can afford drugs;
11.
Against nature of sport / unethical / cheating / contract to compete/ not use
of natural ability;
12.
Negative role model for children / wider implication for society;
13.
Other athletes pressurised into taking drugs / fear of failure / pressure from
coaches.