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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Olivia Wagner
•Patient
Hx.
•Diagnosis
•Etiology AML
•Treatment Plan
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•Medical/Surgical
•Nutrition Therapy
•Patient
Response to Tx.
•Patient Prognosis
•Questions
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Patient Hx:
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Name: Rachel Dean
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Chemical Engineer Married
Age: 25 Sex: Female
Wt: 115 (46.8 kg)
Ht: 5’3” (1.6 m)
BMI: 20.3
Not a smoker
Family hx: maternal CAD
Diagnosis of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
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Sinus infection symptoms >3 months
Chemistry panel and CBC revealed elevated WBC and blasts
 Onset of disease: 4 months PTA
Induction Chemotherapy
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cytarabine and idarubicin
1st CR achieved
Dx: Acute Leukemia in CR. Admitted for bone marrow
transplant
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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
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Cancer of the blood and bone
marrow affecting the myeloid
cells
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“Acute”due to rapid
progression
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Shortage of RBC when leukemia
cells crowd around the blood
making cells of the bone
marrow
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Symptoms
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Recurring infections, weight
loss, fatigue, fever, night
sweats, and loss of appetite
Dx: based on lab measurements
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Tx. Plan – Preparative Regimen
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Cyclophosphamide
 Days -6, day -5
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Total body irradiation (TBI)
 Days -3, -2, -1
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Primary goal: completely destroy any residual
leukemia cells to make room for the new stem cells
after transplant
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Nutrition Related Side Effects: Mucositis, N/V,
infections, suppressed immune system, dehydration
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Monitor: weight, electrolyte levels, energy needs,
increased nutrient needs NI-5.1
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Tx Plan - Bone Marrow Transplant
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Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant
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Day 0
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HLA-matched sibling bone marrow
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Primary goal: replace destroyed bone marrow with healthy
bone marrow stem cells
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graft versus tumor effect: stem cells develop into immune
cells and identify the leukemia cells as invaders
Engraftment: the process of transplanted cells reproducing new
cells
Monitor: weight, electrolyte levels, energy needs
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Tx. Plan
 Intravenous
cyclosporine
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Instituted day-2 until day +180
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Prophylaxis Graft versus host disease (GVHD)
 Common side effect of BMT
 when transplanted immune cells attack the patients
body
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Side Effects: hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, hypomagnesemia,
hyperlipidemia
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Monitor: metabolic state, magnesium level- take regular labs
 Methotrexate
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Days +1, +3, +6,+11
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Side Effects: mucositis, nitrogen catabolism, hypertension,
hyperglycemia, suppressed immune system
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Monitor: metabolic state glucose levels and weight- increase
energy needs
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Tx. Plan
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Prophylactics for infection
 Fluconazole (Antifungal)
Day +1
 Acyclovir (Antiviral) Day +1
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Antibiotics administered with
onset of fever
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IV morphine: pain
management
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Antiemetic
 Lorazepam
 Ondansteron
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Pt. Response to Tx.
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Post BMT- Day 7
 Severe mucositis- ice chips
and jell-o are intolerable
 diarrhea (650 cc/day), weight
dropped to 107lb
 Labs indicate malnutrition low
blood counts
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Intervention
 place on TPN
 Increase energy and protein
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Monitor
 Pt body weight and chemistry
and CBC labs to evaluate
tolerance to TPN
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Nutrition Therapy
Parenteral Nutrition
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tube feeding is not
successful due to severity
of N/V, mucositis, delayed
gastric emptying, and
diarrhea.
4% amino acid
Carbohydrate
16% dextrose
3% lipid
1700 mL
50 mEq
50 mEq
10 mEq
20 mmol
10 mL/day
Fat
PICC
Potassium
Two-in-one
Sodium
Flexibility
Calcium
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Precipitate
Phosphorus
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Energy: 30-35 Kcal/kg
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Protein: 1.5 grams/kg
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Fluids
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Needs
Branchamin
Mrs. Dean’s
Needs
Protein
AML pt have low platelet
count that increases risk
of bleeding with enteral
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Nutrients
Adult
Multivitamin
Adult
Multimineral
1 mL/day
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Pt. Response to Tx.
Day +16
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Day +20
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Dx: stage I/II aGVHD
 maculopapular rash on palms and trunk, bilirubin elevated
(2.1mg/dL), stool output increased to 1200cc/24 hours
Intervention: Corticosteroid therapy
Side Effects: anorexia, weight loss, elevated energy and protein
needs, hyperglycemia , nitrogen catabolism, hypertension, and
sodium retention.
blood glucose averaging 350 mg/dL
 Onset of hyperglycemia due to use of corticosteroid therapy with
treatment of I/II aGVHD
PN Intervention : start 1 unit insulin for every 10g dextrose
Monitor: glucose levels, sodium, potassium, and fluids
Responded well to corticosteroid therapy
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stool output decreased to less than 150 cc/dy
Bilirubin stabilized and rash diminished
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Nutrition Therapy - TPN transition
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Clear liquid diet ( 3 days)
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Total bowel rest
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Use of PN until diarrhea subsides
GVHD diet
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Introducing lactose free, residue free, fiber free, and low fat foods
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TPN weaned and discontinued by day +32
Intervention
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Stage II GVHD diet
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low lactose, low fiber until day +100
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Pt. Prognosis
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Recurrent Leukemia is main concern
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Long term effects of AML treatment (CT, TBI, GVHD,BMT)
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Growth retardation, infertility, organ dysfunction, delayed gastric
emptying, catabolism, osteoporosis, growth suppression, poor
wound healing, immunosuppression, infection
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Monitor albumin levels
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Take precautions to prevent infection
Questions?
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What is the purpose of high dose
chemotherapy and total body
irradiation (TBI) treatment before bone
marrow transplant (BMT) in patients
with AML?
What are the required
+ protein needs for an
individual receiving a BMT?
References
Mahan, L. K., Escott-Stump, S., & Raymond, J. (2012). Krause\'s food & the nutrition care
process. (13 ed., Vol. 1). St. Louis: W B Saunders Co.
Nelms, M., Sucher, K. P., Lacey, K., & Long Roth, S. (2011). Nutrition therapy &
pathophysiology. (2nd ed. ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Leukemia--acute myeloid (myelogenous). (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-acutemyeloidaml/detailedguide/leukemiaacute-myeloid-myelogenous-diagnosed
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Acute myeloid leukemia treatment. . (Master's thesis, University of California
)Retrieved from
http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/acute_myeloid_leukemia/treatment.html
Parrish, C. (2006, July). The hitchikers guide to parenteral nutrition management for
adult patients. Retrieved from
http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/medicine/divisions/digestiv
e-health/nutrition-support-team/nutrition-articles/MadsenArticle.pdf
The leukemia/bone marrow transplant program of bc. (2011). Retrieved from
http://www.leukemiabmtprogram.org
Acute myelogenous leukemia. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/acute-myelogenous-leukemia/DS00548
Engraftment. In The Free Dictionary. Farlex. Retrieved from http://medicaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/engraftment