Bending the Health
Care Cost Curve
Market-Based
Solutions
February 26, 2014
Legislative Lunch and Learn
Cost Containment
2
Three Takeaways
• Costs of health care services
continue to increase.
• Myriad market-based
opportunities to rein in costs.
• Some have promise, some
have obstacles to
implementation, some have
unintended consequences.
3
The Good News: Growth Curve is Bending
Between 2009
and 2011, annual
increase in
national health
care spending
was the lowest
in 50 years:
3.9 percent
4
But It’s Not Good Enough
Average Total Single Premium (In Dollars), Private-Sector
Establishments, United States And Colorado, 2000-2012
$6,000
$5,000
$4,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
$0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
United States
Colorado
5
Conditions for Competitive Markets
• Consumers bear costs for what they
consume
• Consumers and suppliers have complete and
transparent information to make informed
choices
• No barriers for suppliers to enter market
6
Health Care Cost Drivers
7
The Technology Conundrum
8
Health Care Cost Drivers
• Increases in Insurance Payments
• Out-of-pocket payments
• 55% in 1960
• 13% in 2011
SOURCE: Health Care Costs: Key Information on Health Care Costs and their Impact, Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009
9
Health Care Cost Drivers
• Consolidation of
insurance plans
and providers:
Limits competition
• Inefficiencies in
medical care delivery
and administration
10
Health Care Cost Drivers
• Financial
and legal
incentives
to increase
services
11
Market Solutions: Consumers Bear
Cost for What They Consume
12
More Skin in the Game for Consumers
Eliminate Tax Exclusion
for Health Insurance Benefits
•
•
Distorts market cost
of health insurance
Incentivizes employee compensation
through premiums instead of wages
Consumer-Directed Health Plans (CDHPs)
•
•
High deductible plan
Coupled with health savings account
13
Show Me the Money: High Deductible Plans
Enrollment by
Enrollment
by Insurance
Insurance Plan
Plan Type,
Type,Colorado,
Colorado,1993-2013
1993-2013
2013 1%
2013
1%
14%
14%
2008 2%
2008 2%
2003
2003
20%
20%
5%
5%
1999
1999
20%
20%
12%
12%
54%
54%
28%
28%
46%
46%
0%
0%
9%
9%
58%
58%
24%
24%
10%
10%
1993
1993
57%
57%
17%
17%
39%
39%
21%
21%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Conventional
HMO
Preferrred Provider Network
Point of Service
Conventional
HMO
Preferrred Provider Network
Point of Service
8%
8%
24%
24%
26%
26%
7%
7%
80%
90%
80%
90%
High deductible
High deductible
14
100%
100%
Findings on High Deductible Plans
• Reduce the use of unnecessary
and necessary care
• Could lead to $50 billion in annual savings
if half of employer-sponsored lives enrolled
• More effective for reducing utilization in
healthy populations than unhealthy populations
• Cost-sharing requires education so people
don’t forego important care
15
Benefit Design: Tipping the Scale
16
Reference Pricing: Asthma Drugs
Reference Price
Asthma
Drugs
Symbicort
$29
$131
Advair
$29
$131
Singulair
$29
$131
Flovent
$29
$131
$0
$50
Patient co-pay
$100
Plan payment
$73
$48
$22
$150
$200
$250
Additional charge to patient
17
Reference Pricing: Not Just a Theory
Robinson J C , and Brown T T Health Aff 2013;32:1392-1397
©2013 by Project HOPE - The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.
Classifying Wellness Programs
Wellness
Programs
Participatory
(Walking
Program)
Health Contingent:
Health outcome is measured
to receive reward/penalty
Activity-Only:
Individual
must complete
the activity
(Diabetes class)
Health
Outcome: Tied
to an outcome
(Reduction in
blood pressure)
Rosenbaum, S. (2013). Update: Non-Discriminatory Wellness Program Final Rules. Health Reform GPS.
www.healthreformgps.org.
19
Wellness is Booming
SOURCE: Kaiser/HRET Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Benefits, 2012
20
Market Solutions: Consumers
Need Transparent Information
21
Transparent Information for Consumers
to Make Informed Choices: Cost and Quality
• Health Insurance Marketplaces
• All Payer Claims Databases
22
Engaging Consumers in Medical Decisions
23
Market Solutions:
Increasing Competition
24
Increasing Competition Among Health Plans
Sell insurance products across state lines to
increase competition among insurers
25
Increasing Competition Among Providers
• Anti-trust policies could be enforced more
rigorously
• Buying in bulk: Walmart and Lowes
• Crossing state lines to use providers
(Centers of Excellence)
• Paying a bundled payment
• Narrow networks
• Greater transparency: Quality * Price = Value
26
Defensive Medicine and Tort Reform
• Defensive Medicine:
When clinicians order tests, procedures or
visits of doubtful value to reduce exposure to
malpractice liability
• Tort Reform:
Lowering caps on the type or amount of
damages that may be awarded in personal
injury lawsuits
27
Three Takeaways
• Costs of health care services
continue to increase.
• Myriad market-based
opportunities to rein in costs.
• Some have promise, some
have obstacles to
implementation, some have
unintended consequences.
28