Chemistry 120
Chapter 12: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 13: Structure and Shape
Outline
I. Types of Bonds
A. Ionic
B. Metallic
C. Covalent
II. Electronegativity
A. Bond Polarity
III. Bonding
A. Lewis Electron-Dot Structures
B. VSEPR Theory
C. Molecule Polarity
Gilbert N. Lewis
p356
Linus Pauling
p358
What are the trends for electronegativity?
Figure 12-11 p359
Example – Electronegativity
• Rank the following in order of increasing
electronegativity: F, Ga, K, Rb, and V.
A. F < Ga < K < Rb < V
B. Rb < K < V < Ga < F
C. V < Rb < Ga < K < F
D. F < Ga < Rb < V < K
E. Rb < F < K < V < Ga
How do atoms bond?
How do bonds differ?
What does a formula unit look like?
What does the bonding in H2 look like?
+
1s1
1s1
How does Cl2 bond?
+
[Ne]3s23p5
[Ne]3s23p5
What orbital(s) does Cl2 use to bond?
Cl:[Ne]3s23p5
How are electrons shared in Cl2?
How does an electric field affect a polar molecule?
Figure 13-9 p392
How are electrons shared in HF?
Example – Covalent Bonding
• What is the Lewis structure for formaldehyde, CH2O?
A.
B.
C.
D.
How are these structures different?
Table 13-1 p380
What are the basic shapes around a central atom?
Figure 13-1 p381
Figure 13-5 p384
Example – Covalent Bonding
• What is the Lewis structure for formaldehyde,
CH2O?
A.
B.
C.
D.
What is the shape when 2 atoms are
attached to the central atom?
What is the shape when 3 atoms are
attached to the central atom?
What is the shape when 4 atoms are
attached to the central atom?
What is the shape when 3 atoms + lone pair are
attached to the central atom?
What is the shape when 2 atoms + 2 lone pairs are
attached to the central atom?
Table 13-2, p. 377
Example – VSEPR Theory
• What is the molecular geometry for hydrogen
sulfide?
A. tetrahedral
B. trigonal planar
C. trigonal pyramidal
D. bent
E. linear
Example – VSEPR Theory
• What is the bond angle for the thiocyanate
ion, SCN-?
A. 109.5°
B. 107°
C. 180°
D. 104.5°
E. 120°
Is CO2 a polar or nonpolar molecule?
Figure 13-10 p392
Can a nonpolar molecule have polar bonds?
What is the direction of the net dipole?
Figure 13-11 p393
How are coordinate covalent bonds
different from other covalent bonds?
p. 397
p. 397
What is one
way that a
metal
obtains an
octet?
What is
one way
that a
nonmetal
obtains an
octet?
Example – Ionic Bonding
• What is the Lewis structure when aluminum
and chlorine form an ionic compound?
A.
B.
C.
D.
How are the sizes of species related?
Figure 12-7 p356
How do metals bond?
Figure 12-17 p366
Table 12-2 p366