ARTICLES
členi
INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/ AN
Nedoločni člen
DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE
Določni člen
NEDOLOČNI ČLEN
• “a” uporabljamo pred samostalniki,
ki se v izgovorjavi pričenjajo na
soglasnik: “ a book, a pencil, a
house, a university, …
• “an” uporabljamo pred samostalniki,
ki se pričenjajo na samoglasnik: an
apple, an hour, an heir, …
UPORABA
• Pred števnimi samostalniki v ednini, ki so
omenjeni prvič: There is a car in the street. Ko jih
omenimo drugič, imajo določni člen: The car is
black.
• Pred samostalniki, ki pomenijo poklice: He is a
mechanic. She is an engineer.
• V izrazih za ceno: 2 dollars a kilo; hitrost: 60km
an hour (per hour), razmerje: 3 times a week.
• V besednih zvezah: a lot of, a little, a few.
• V vzklikih: What a nice day, what a nice surprise.
(kadar sledi števni samostalnik v ednini)
DOLOČNI ČLEN
uporaba
• Pred samostalniki, ki so že znani iz
sobesedila: There is a car in the
street. The car is black.
• Pred samostalniki, če gre za edino
stvar ali osebo oz. predstavnika
svoje vrste: the world, the Sun
He is the president of the US.
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia.
The lion lives in Africa.
• Pred presežniki pridevnikov: the best
thing, the most interesting film,…
• Pred vrstilnimi števniki: the first, the
second, the third,…
• Pred imeni pogorij, rek, morij, oceanov in
skupin otokov:the Alps, the Sava, the
Adriatic, the Atlantic, the Shetlands, …
• Pred imeni glasbil: the guitar, the flute,…
• Pred samostalniki, ki jim sledi besedna
zveza z “of” ali “in”: the south of Slovenia,
the end of the street; the girl in red;
• Pred samostalnikoma: cinema, theatre;
• Pred deli dneva: in the morning, in the
afternoon, in the evening;
• Pred imeni za strani neba: the North, the
South, the East, the West.
• Kadar je iz situacije jasno, katero
stvar ali osebo ima govorec v mislih:
in the garden (our garden), in the
kitchen (our kitchen), they sent for
the doctor (his personal doctor),..
ZERO ARTICLE
brez člena
• Pred imeni za dnevne obroke: I never
have breakfast; She cooked lunch; We
always have light supper.
• Pred samostalniki v množini, kadar
govorimo na splošno: Lions live in Africa;
Cars are sold here; He builds houses.
• Pred snovnimi imeni in abstraktnimi
samostalniki (pojmi): I like juice, She
never drinks coffee; People are afraid of
death.
• Pred prevoznimi sredstvi v strukturi: by
car, by bus, by bicycle, by plane, by boat.
• Pred imeni držav, mest, ulic in jezer: She lives in
Canada; He works in Rome, They live in Regent
Street. Lake Bled is our most beautiful lake.
Izjeme so države: the USA, the Netherlands, the
United Kingdom; mesto: the Hague.
• Pred lastnimi imeni: Peter, Mary, Novak. Izjema
so priimki v množini, ki pomenijo družino: the
Novaks
• Pred samostalniki:, hospital, school, church, bed,
market, kadar jih uporabljamo v primarni
funkciji: They took him to hospital; I still go to
school; It’s time to go to bed.
• Pred samostalnikoma: home in work: Let’s go
home; He is at work.