1 22 Partnerships A review of the Equity section of the balance sheet will indicate the partnership form of business organization Learning Objectives 1. Identify characteristics of a partnership 2. Account for organization of a partnership 3. Account for income allocation among partners 4. Account for the admission and retirement of partners BALANCE SHEET Assets Liabilities INCOME STATEMENT Revenue 5. Account for the liquidation of partnerships 6. Analysis: Compute and explain return on partners’ equity Expenses Equity Profit Debit Credit or Loss ©CourseCollege.com 2 Objective 22.1: Identify characteristics of a partnership Characteristics or partnerships 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. O22.1 Voluntary association Mutual agency Limited life Unlimited liability Co-ownership of property Income taxes Partnership agreement Partner? ©CourseCollege.com 3 Partnership characteristics Voluntary Association •Agreements to form a partnership are voluntary They can be dissolved at will (existing liabilities will remain however) They can be formed by an oral agreement (handshake) or a written agreement O22.1 Fetch!! (If you want to) ©CourseCollege.com 4 Partnership characteristics Limited Life (generally) Partnerships terminate with the death or bankruptcy of any partner Partnerships terminate with: The withdrawal of an existing partner or The admission of a new partner Playing dead doesn’t count. We’re still partners… O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 5 Partnership characteristics Mutual Agency As an agent, each and every partner can bind the partnership within the scope of the partnership business Partners, by agreement, can limit the scope of partners acting for the partnership Outsiders, unless they have knowledge of a partner’s limitation to bind the partnership, can You said we legally assume no limitations exist would mow the lawn?? You can’t push the mower... O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 6 Partnership characteristics Unlimited Liability Each partner is fully liable for all the debts of the partnership Partners are personally liable for debts of the partnership We owe what ?? How could you have possibly eaten that much ? O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 7 Partnership characteristics Co-ownership of property Partnership property is jointly owned by the partners regardless of which partner invests the property Look, we own “your” doghouse together. OK ? Don’t be so territorial. O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 8 Partnership characteristics Income tax Partnerships do not pay taxes on income Individual partners are responsible for income taxes on their allocation of partnership income Partner Schmartner You pay your own taxes. . . O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 9 Partnership characteristics Partnership Agreement Most partnerships use a written partnership agreement In the absence of a written agreement, the Uniform Partnership Act rules prevail in an agreement dispute I know its embarrassing but a paw print is all you can sign with. . . O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 10 Partnership characteristics Partnership Advantages Can raise more capital and expertise than proprietorships O22.1 Less expensive to form than corporations Partnership income is not taxed separately Can be formed very quickly Remind me again of the expertise you were bringing to this deal . . . ©CourseCollege.com 11 Partnership characteristics Partnership Disadvantages •Agreements can become difficult to negotiate Mutual agency and unlimited liability create personal obligations and exposure for individual partners Success often dependent on mutual trust between partners O22.1 For you, I’m a partner. For me, you’re a burden. . . ©CourseCollege.com 12 Partnership characteristics Partnership Agreement The nature of the partnership business, its name and location The names, initial capital investments and duties of each partner Method of allocating (sharing) profits and losses among partners Agreements on: Withdrawals of assets Admission of new partners Withdrawals of partners So?? You still get 2% of profits Liquidation of the partnership after I get my $50,000 salary Dispute resolution procedures allowance. . . O22.1 ©CourseCollege.com 13 Types of Partnerships General partnerships are the traditional and most common form of partnership. The preceding characteristics apply to all general partners. Limited partnerships have two types of partners, general and limited. The general partner is responsible for management of the business and has unlimited liability for partnership debts. Limited partners have no management duties or authority. Their liability to partnership debts is limited to the amount of their partnership investment. O22.1 You’re limited only your ability. You’re still responsible buddy. . . ©CourseCollege.com 14 Objective 22.2: Account for organization of a partnership Basic accounting for partnerships is similar to that of proprietorships. The exceptions are those transactions that involve the partner’s equity accounts BALANCE SHEET Assets Liabilities INCOME STATEMENT Revenue The Equity section will tell you if the firm is a partnership Expenses Equity O22.2 Debit Profit Credit or Loss ©CourseCollege.com 15 Account for organization of a partnership Partner’s equity accounts must be used for: Initial and subsequent equity investments Distribution of profits and losses to individual partners Withdrawal of assets by individual partners Dissolutions and liquidation of the partnership O22.2 ©CourseCollege.com 16 Account for organization of a partnership Partnership accounting requires the following: A separate equity account for each partner A separate withdrawal account for each partner Allocation of profits and losses among partners according to a partnership agreement O22.2 ©CourseCollege.com 17 Account for organization of a partnership Assume J. Ross and T. Smith form a partnership with equal cash equity investments of $25,000 Separate equity account for each partner BALANCE SHEET Assets Liabilities INCOME STATEMENT Revenue Expenses J. Ross, Capital 25,000 T. Smith, Capital 25,000 Total equity in the partnership is now: J. Ross, Capital $25,000 T. Smith Capital $25,000 Total Equity $50,000 Equity Profit Debit Credit or Loss O22.2 ©CourseCollege.com 18 Account for organization of a partnership J. Ross withdraws $1,000 and T. Smith withdraws $2,000 Separate withdrawal account for each partner BALANCE SHEET Assets Liabilities INCOME STATEMENT J. Ross, Withdrawls 1,000 T. Smith, Withdrawals 2,000 Total equity in the partnership is now: Revenue Expenses Equity J. Ross, Capital Less withdrawals T. Smith Capital Less withdrawals $25,000 (1,000) $25,000 (2,000) Total Equity $47,000 Profit Debit Credit or Loss O22.2 ©CourseCollege.com 19 Account for organization of a partnership J. Ross and T. Smith have agreed to share profits 50-50. First year profits are $10,000 Allocation of profits and losses per agreement BALANCE SHEET Assets Liabilities INCOME STATEMENT Revenue Expenses J. Ross, Capital 25,000 5,000 Balance 30,000 T. Smith, Capital 25,000 5,000 Balance 30,000 Total equity in the partnership is now: J. Ross, Capital $30,000 Less J. Ross, Withdrawals (1,000) T. Smith Capital $30,000 Less T. Smith Withdrawals (2,000) Equity Total Equity $57,000 Profit Debit Credit or Loss O22.2 ©CourseCollege.com 20 Account for organization of a partnership Accounting for the start-up of a partnership is similar to that of a proprietorship. Partners invest both assets and liabilities. ASSETS O22.2 With agreement by partners, BOTH can be invested into the partnerships LIABILITIES ©CourseCollege.com 21 Account for organization of a partnership T. Will and R. Star form a partnership. T. Will invests $90,000 cash. R. Star invests $10,000 and a commercial building and land that cost $125,000. The building and land recently appraised for $300,000, (land at $100,000 and building at $200,000). R. Star has a $150,000 loan on the real estate which the partnership agrees to assume. O22.2 ©CourseCollege.com 22 Account for organization of a partnership GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description PR Page 1 Debit 6/30/10 ¢Cash 100 100,000 ¢Land 175 100,000 ¢Building 165 200,000 Credit ¢Long Term Debt -Real estate 265 150,000 ¢R. Star, Capital 310 160,000 ¢T. Will, Capital 320 90,000 Record initial partner investments 90,000 Will; 10,000 Star Assumption of Star’s real estate debt O22.2 Star: 10,000 cash; 150,000 real estate equity ©CourseCollege.com 23 Objective 22.3: Account for income allocation among partners Various method of income (and loss) sharing are used by partners. Some examples include allocation by: Percentage Capital balances Both percentage and capital balances Combination of service, capital balances and percentage O22.3 ©CourseCollege.com 24 Partner income allocation -percentage Tina Boss and Mary Wisk form a partnership and agree that profits and losses should be shared with 1/3 to Tina and 2/3 to Mary. The recent year end resulted in a loss of $60,000. 1/3 for me Tina GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description 2/3 for me Mary Page 14 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/10 ¢Tina Boss, Capital O22.3 310 20,000 ¢Mary Wisk, Capital 320 40,000 Income Summary 399 60,000 2/3 x 60,000 = 40,000 ©CourseCollege.com 25 Partner income allocation –capital balances Ryo Tan, Mike West and Total capital = Han Lee form a new Ryo’s $30,000 Mike’s $50,000 partnership and agree to Han’s $20,000 allocate income and $100,000 losses based on their end of the year capital balances. The first year Ryo’s share 30/100 x $50,000 = $15,000 net income is $50,000. Mike’s share 50/100 x $50,000 = $25,000 Han’s share 20/100 x $50,000 = $10,000 GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/10 Income Summary O22.3 399 50,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 15,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 25,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 10,000 ©CourseCollege.com Partner income allocation -capital balances & % 26 Ryo Mike Han Total The second year, Ending Capital 45,000 75,000 30,000 150,000 Ryo, Mike & Han % Capital 30% 50% 20% 100% decide to allocate 1st 60,000 18,000 30,000 12,000 60,000 income based on Remaining 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 end-of-year capital Totals 28,000 40,000 22,000 90,000 balances for the first $60,000 with 20% x 60,000 = 12,000 any remainder shared equally. Net GENERAL JOURNAL Page 21 income for the year wasDate $90,000. Debit Credit Description PR Closing Entries 12/31/11 Income Summary O22.3 399 90,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 28,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 40,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 22,000 ©CourseCollege.com 27 Partner income allocation –service, capital & % The end of the third year Ryo, Mike and Han decide to change their income allocation agreement again. The plan is as follows: First, a service (salary allowance) allocation, Ryo $40,000; Mike $10,000; Han $80,000 Second, 10% of end-of-year capital balances Third, an remaining balance (positive or negative) to be shared equally.Total income the third year was $175,000. Ryo Total Income Ending Capital 1) Service allowance 2) 10% of capital 3) Remainder shared equally Totals O22.3 Mike Han 60,000 40,000 6,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 25,000 80,000 2,500 10,500 56,500 10,500 25,500 10,500 93,000 175,000 – 130,000 – 13,500 = 31,500 Total 175,000 130,000 13,500 31,500 31,500 175,000 ©CourseCollege.com Partner income allocation –service, capital & % 28 In the fourth year the Ryo, Mike and Han partnership earned $125,000. Notice the ($7,500) allocated to each in step #3. When income is adequate, a positive equal distribution will result, however, when income is inadequate, all partners share, per their agreement, in the shortfall. Total Income Ending Capital 1) Service allowance 2) 10% of capital 3) Remainder shared equally Totals O22.3 Ryo Mike Han 75,000 40,000 7,500 60,000 10,000 6,000 40,000 80,000 4,000 (7,500) 40,000 (7,500) 8,500 (7,500) 76,500 125,000 – 130,000 – 17,500 = (22,500) Total 125,000 130,000 17,500 (22,500) (22,500) 125,000 ©CourseCollege.com 29 Objective 22.4: Account for the admission and retirement of partners Admit partners (new partnership results): Personal transaction* At book, below book or above book value Partnership transaction At book, below book or above book value *In a general partnership, all partners must agree to allow a new partner into the firm. However, the financial interest in the partnership can often be sold separately in a personal transaction. No change to the partnership accounts would result. O22.4 ©CourseCollege.com 30 Admit partner –personal transaction* In the Ryo, Mike, Han partnership, Ryo sells his partnership interest to Fred for $125,000. Mike and Han agree to Fred Small as a new partner. Ryo’s capital account totals $115,000 at the time of the sale. Fred pays Ryo personally, the partnership receives no cash. The partnership simply records the following: GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description 1/31/12 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital ¢Fred Small, Capital Page 37 PR 310 340 Debit Credit 115,000 115,000 *Acknowledged and accepted by the partnership O22.4 ©CourseCollege.com 31 Admit partner –partnership transaction at book value Partners Tina and Mary agree to admit Kim Chu as a 20% partner for a cash investment of $25,000. Beginning capital Projected capital Tina 60,000 Beginning Mary 40,000 New partner Total 100,000 Total 100,000 25,000 125,000 New partner’s capital Total 125,000 x 20% = 25,000 GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description 12/31/10 ¢Cash ¢Kim Chu, Capital O22.4 PR 100 330 Page 14 Debit Credit 25,000 25,000 ©CourseCollege.com 32 Admit partner –partnership transaction above book value Partners Tina and Mary agree to admit Kim Chu as a 20% partner for a cash investment of $31,000. Tina will receive 1/3 and Mary 2/3 of any bonus or deficiency. Beginning capital Projected capital Tina 60,000 Beginning Mary 40,000 New partner Total 100,000 Total 100,000 31,000 131,000 New partner’sJOURNAL capital GENERAL Total 131,000 x 20% = 26,200 Description PR Date 12/31/10 ¢Cash ¢Tina Boss, Capital ¢Mary Wisk, Capital ¢Kim Chu, Capital O22.4 Page 14 100 310 Bonus 320 330 Debit Credit 31,000 1,600 3,200 26,200 ©CourseCollege.com 33 Admit partner –partnership transaction below book value Partners Tina and Mary agree to admit Kim Chu as a 20% partner for a cash investment of $22,000. Tina will receive 1/3 and Mary 2/3 of any bonus or deficiency. Beginning capital Projected capital Tina 60,000 Beginning Mary 40,000 New partner Total 100,000 100,000 22,000 Total 122,000 JOURNAL NewGENERAL partner’s capital Date PR Total Description 122,000 x 20% = 24,400 12/31/10 ¢Cash O22.4 Page 14 Debit 100 22,000 ¢Tina Boss, Capital 310 800 ¢Mary Wisk, Capital 320 1,600 ¢Kim Chu, Capital 330 24,400 - 22,000 = 2,400 x 1/3 = 800 Credit 24,400 ©CourseCollege.com 34 Partnership transaction partner withdraws Partner may withdraw voluntarily or due to natural death The original partnership ends upon withdrawal A partner may withdraw at book, below book or above book value Partnership agreement may contain withdrawal agreement or conditions In general, remaining partners usually must agree on how the withdrawing partner’s equity is dealt with O22.4 ©CourseCollege.com 35 Partner withdraws at book value Consider HMS partnership with three partners Hiko, Millie and Sam. The partnership has been successful and current partner equity account balances are Hiko $250,000; Millie $175,000; and Sam $185,000. All profits and losses are shared equally. Sam has asked to withdraw from the partnership at book value. His partners agree. GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 167 PR 10/31/11 ¢Sam Wells, Capital 330 ¢Cash 100 O22.4 Debit Credit 185,000 185,000 ©CourseCollege.com 36 Partner withdraws above book value Consider the same HMS partnership in a different scenario. Current partner equity account balances are Hiko $250,000; Millie $175,000; and Sam $185,000. All profits and losses are shared equally. Sam agrees to leave for $215,000 cash. His partners agree. GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description 10/31/11 ¢Sam Wells, Capital PR Debit 330 185,000 ¢Hiko Su, Capital 320 15,000 ¢Millie Sharov, Capital 310 15,000 ¢Cash O22.4 Page 167 100 Credit 215,000 Amount necessary to balance is 215,000 – 185,000 = 30,000/2 = 15,000 debit (reduction) to each remaining partner’s equity account ©CourseCollege.com 37 Partner withdraws below book value Consider the same HMS partnership in a different scenario. Current partner equity account balances are Hiko $250,000; Millie $175,000; and Sam $185,000. All profits and losses are shared equally. Sam agrees to leave for $145,000 cash. His partners agree. GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description 10/31/11 ¢Sam Wells, Capital O22.4 Page 167 PR 330 Debit Credit 185,000 ¢Hiko Su, Capital 320 20,000 ¢Millie Sharov, Capital 310 20,000 ¢Cash 100 145,000 Amount necessary to balance is 185,000 – 145,000 = 40,000/2 = 20,000 credit (increase) to each remaining partner’s equity account ©CourseCollege.com 38 Objective 22.5: Account for liquidation of partnerships Liquidation risk: cash received for the rapid sale of assets may result in losses -less cash received than the book values recorded for the assets sold Liquidation process: 1. Complete the liquidation sale of non-cash assets 2. Allocate gains or losses from liquidation to partners according to their allocation agreement 3. Pay all creditors 4. Disburse remaining cash to partners according to their capital balances O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 39 Liquidation of a partnership at book value Balance Sheet -Ryo, Mike & Han Partnership As of 12/31/12 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prop, plant, equip Total assets 5,000 135,000 250,000 330,000 720,000 12/31/12 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 250,000 Long term debt 240,000 Total liabilities 490,000 Equity Ryo Tan, Capital Mike West, Capital Han Lee, Capital Total equity 75,000 100,000 55,000 230,000 310 75,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 100,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 55,000 ¢Cash O22.5 Liabilities Accounts Payable 100 Final disbursement when all non-cash assets are sold for book value Ryo Mike Han 230,000 ©CourseCollege.com 40 Liquidation of a partnership below book value Balance Sheet -Ryo, Mike & Han Partnership As of 12/31/12 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prop, plant, equip To t al cash rec'd Total assets $ rec'd 5,000 110,000 200,000 5,000 135,000 250,000 315,000 330,000 630,000 720,000 Liabilities Accounts Payable 250,000 Long term debt 240,000 Total liabilities 490,000 Equity Ryo Tan, Capital Mike West, Capital Han Lee, Capital Total equity 75,000 100,000 55,000 230,000 Cash received is less than book values creating a loss O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 41 Liquidation of a partnership below book value Balance Sheet -Ryo, Mike & Han Partnership As of 12/31/12 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prop, plant, equip To t al cash rec'd Total assets The loss is allocated based on partnership agreement O22.5 $ rec'd 5,000 110,000 200,000 5,000 135,000 250,000 315,000 330,000 630,000 720,000 Liabilities Accounts Payable 250,000 Long term debt 240,000 Total liabilities 490,000 Equity Ryo Tan, Capital Mike West, Capital Han Lee, Capital Total equity Begining Capital Liquidation Loss Balance Remaining 75,000 100,000 55,000 230,000 Ryo 75,000 Mike 100,000 Han 55,000 (30,000) (30,000) (30,000) 45,000 70,000 25,000 ©CourseCollege.com 42 Liquidation of a partnership below book value GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/12 ¢Cash Existing cash balance = $5,000 100 625,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 30,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 30,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 30,000 ¢Accounts Receivable 125 135,000 ¢Inventory 145 250,000 ¢Property, Plant & Equipment 165 330,000 This entry records the cash received for the sale of non-cash assets O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 43 Liquidation of a partnership below book value GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/12 ¢Accounts Payable 220 250,000 ¢Long Term Debt 260 240,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 45,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 70,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 25,000 ¢Cash 100 630,000 This entry records the final cash disbursement to creditors and partners O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 44 Liquidation of a partnership below book value GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/12 ¢Accounts Payable 220 250,000 ¢Long Term Debt 260 240,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 45,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 70,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 25,000 ¢Cash 100 630,000 Beginning equity balance for Ryo was 75,000 – 30,000 loss on liquidation = 45,000 remaining O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 45 Liquidation of a partnership above book value Balance Sheet -Ryo, Mike & Han Partnership As of 12/31/12 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prop, plant, equip To t al cash rec'd Total assets $ rec'd 5,000 110,000 200,000 5,000 135,000 250,000 450,000 330,000 765,000 720,000 Liabilities Accounts Payable 250,000 Long term debt 240,000 Total liabilities 490,000 Equity Ryo Tan, Capital Mike West, Capital Han Lee, Capital Total equity 75,000 100,000 55,000 230,000 Cash received is more than book values creating a gain O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 46 Liquidation of a partnership above book value Balance Sheet -Ryo, Mike & Han Partnership As of 12/31/12 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prop, plant, equip To t al cash rec'd Total assets The gain is allocated based on partnership agreement O22.5 $ rec'd 5,000 110,000 200,000 5,000 135,000 250,000 450,000 330,000 765,000 720,000 Liabilities Accounts Payable 250,000 Long term debt 240,000 Total liabilities 490,000 Equity Ryo Tan, Capital Mike West, Capital Han Lee, Capital Total equity Begining Capital Liquidation Gain Ending Balance 75,000 100,000 55,000 230,000 Ryo 75,000 Mike 100,000 Han 55,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 90,000 115,000 70,000 ©CourseCollege.com 47 Liquidation of a partnership above book value GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit 100 760,000 Credit Closing Entries 12/31/12 ¢Cash Existing cash balance = $5,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 15,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 15,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 15,000 ¢Accounts Receivable 125 135,000 ¢Inventory 145 250,000 ¢Property, Plant & Equipment 165 330,000 This entry records the cash received for the sale of non-cash assets O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 48 Liquidation of a partnership above book value GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/12 ¢Accounts Payable 220 250,000 ¢Long Term Debt 260 240,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 90,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 115,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 70,000 ¢Cash 100 765,000 This entry records the final cash disbursement to creditors and partners O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 49 Liquidation of a partnership above book value GENERAL JOURNAL Date Description Page 21 PR Debit Credit Closing Entries 12/31/12 ¢Accounts Payable 220 250,000 ¢Long Term Debt 260 240,000 ¢Ryo Tan, Capital 310 90,000 ¢Mike West, Capital 320 115,000 ¢Han Lee, Capital 330 70,000 ¢Cash 100 765,000 Beginning equity balance for Ryo was 75,000 + 15,000 gain on liquidation = 90,000 remaining O22.5 ©CourseCollege.com 50 Objective 22.6: Analysis: Compute and explain partner return on equity Average partner equity can be estimated by adding the beginning partner equity to the ending partner equity and dividing by 2 Partner return on equity = Partner net income Average partner equity This would be computed for each partner in the partnership O22.6 ©CourseCollege.com 51 Price Earnings Ratio Price = the market price per share Earnings = the basic earnings per share PE ratio = Market price per share Basic earnings per share The higher the ratio, the more investors are paying for the annual earnings per share reported by the firm O22.6 ©CourseCollege.com 52 Example Statement of Changes in Partner Equity VCW Partnership For the year ending 12/31/12 Partners J.Vasquez R .Cruz L.Wilson Total Partner Equity Beginning Less: Partner Withdrawals Partner Equity Ending (prior to income allocation) (50,000) 240,000 (30,000) 60,000 0 600,000 (80,000) 250,000 210,000 60,000 520,000 40,000 35,000 5,000 80,000 Partner Equity Ending 290,000 245,000 65,000 600,000 Average Partner Equity 275,000 225,000 60,000 560,000 Add: Income allocated for the year Partner R eturn on Equity (Partner Income/Avg Part. Equity) O22.6 300,000 14.5% 15.6% 8.3% 14.3% ©CourseCollege.com 53 End Unit 14 ©CourseCollege.com