vin
“Low-Pincount Workshop”
Uporaba MPLAB® IDE &
FLASH Starter Kit PICkitTM 1
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 1
vin
Izvedba:
Elbacomp
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 2
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







Urnik:
Predstavitev in PC / MPLAB
nastavitve
PICkitTM1 – Start
Kaj je MPLAB® 7.xx
Več o PicKit-1
Praktična uporaba PICkitTM1
Arhitektura PIC12F675
Primeri programov
Pregled razvojnih orodij
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
9:00 - 9:20
9:20 -9:40
9:40 -10:00
10:00 -10:45
11:00-12:30
13:30-14:00
14:00-15:45
15:45-16:00
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 3
vin
Predstavitev
Elbacomp d.o.o.
in
Microchip Technology
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 4
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
Corporate Overview
Leading semiconductor manufacturer:







of high-performance, field-programmable,
8-bit & 16-bit RISC Microcontrollers
of Analog & Interface products
of related Memory products
for high-volume embedded control
applications
$572M in product sales in FY02, $700M
run rate today
Almost 3,000 employees
Headquartered near
Phoenix in Chandler, AZ
“The Silicon Desert”
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 5
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Worldwide Technical Support
Centers & Manufacturing Facilities
Oregon
Manufacturing
•.
Toronto
Chicago  Detroit
 Boston
Kokomo
 New York
San Jose

Los Angeles  
Phoenix

Dallas


Atlanta
•.
London  Copenhagen

Paris  Munich
Milan
Shanghai
Test & Assembly
•.•.
Seoul
Beijing

 Shin-Yokohama
Qingdao

Shanghai
Chengdu
Fuzhou Taipei
Bangalore Shenzhen  Kaohsiung
Hong Kong

 Singapore
Arizona
Manufacturing and
Corporate HQ
Bangkok
Test & Assembly
Sydney

© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 6
vin
TM
PICkit
1
FLASH Starter Kit
Start…...
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 7
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 8
vin
PICkitTM 1
FLASH Starter Kit
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 9
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PICkitTM 1 Hardware Features
The Programmer
•Uses PIC16C745
•CCP Driven Charge pump for
Vpp voltage.
•USB Powered.
•Can write 1k words in 8
seconds.
•Minimum parts count for
minimum cost.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 10
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PICkitTM 1 Hardware Features
•Supports 8/14 pin
Flash devices
•Programmed via
ICSP
•Includes a button
& Potentiometer
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
The 8/14 pin Evaluation
•Shows
multiplexing of 12
LED’s (8
provided)
•I/O pins are
attached to an
expansion header.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 11
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


PICkitTM 1 Hardware
Prototyping Area
Innovative Snap-off
Prototyping area
Patterns placed for RS-232
interface & 5v power supply.
Pattern also placed for 14 pin
DIP & decoupling capacitor
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 12
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PICkitTM 1 GUI
GUI runs
independently from
MPLAB.
 GUI gives access to
all PICkitTM 1
features.
Read/write/erase/verify
 Source code for GUI
is provided.

© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 13
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PICkitTM 1 Package Features
•PICkitTM 1 Hardware Kit
•USB cable
•Quickstart Guide
•Tips n’ Tricks
•MPLAB® CDROM
•PICkitTM 1 CDROM
Users Manual
Example Software
PICkitTM 1 Programmer GUI
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 14
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




Getting Started
Install PICkitTM1 CD-ROM
Select Quick Start / Install PICkitTM1
Software from menu
Connect USB cable to PC and PICkitTM1
Demonstration software has already been
downloaded to the PICmicro in the PICkitTM1
For proper operation


LEDs will sequentially blink ON and OFF
Press switch SW1 to reverse blinking sequence
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 15
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Directories…..

PICkitTM1 Flash Starterkit : use defaults

MPLAB® 6.xxx:

Workshop-files: c:\lessons
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
use defaults
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 16
vin
®
MPLAB
IDE CD
It’s Free!
User Guides
Dev Tools Guide
3rd Party Guide
Data sheets w/ errata’s
Free Demo Compilers
Quarterly Product Line Card
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
DS51123
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 17
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®
MPLAB
7.xx
Predstavitev
kako uporabiti…..
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 18
vin
MPLAB® 7.xx Layout
Tool Bar
Buttons are added to the Toolbar
as features are enabled
Project
Window
Workspace
Output Window
(tabs are added
as tools are
enabled)
Status Bar
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 19
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
Workspace:


MPLAB® IDE
Setup Information
Contains setup information which includes:
– Selected device from menu
– Debug tool and/or programmer
– Open windows used and their location
– IDE configuration settings
Project:

Contains source files needed to build and test
an application
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 20
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
MPLAB® IDE Windows
Windows available in a new workspace









Project
Output
Disassembly
Watch
Hardware Stack
Program memory
File Registers
EEPROM data
Special Function Registers
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 21
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
Project


Project files within a project by file type:
– Source Files, Header Files, Object Files,
Library Files & Linker Scripts
Output


MPLAB® IDE
Window Descriptions
Tabbed information about program output
Disassembly

Disassembled code is viewed
– Breakpoints can be set in code
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 22
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
Watch


Program symbols can be monitored and
displayed while program is running
Hardware stack


MPLAB® IDE
Window Descriptions (cont.)
Stack data is displayed in 3 columns
– Top of Stack, Stack level & return address
Program memory

Opcodes are displayed 5 different ways
– Opcode Hex, Machine & Symbolic
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 23
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
File registers


General purpose registers are displayed
EEPROM Data


MPLAB® IDE
Window Descriptions (cont.)
Data memory stored in EEPROM is displayed
Special Function Registers (SFR)

Symbolic names for SFRs are displayed
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 24
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MPLAB® v6.20 IDE
With Sample Code Loaded
DSC Division Review
October 2002
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Microchip Confidential
Slide 6
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 25
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
Creating a Project
Objectives





Using the Project Wizard in MPLAB® IDE
Creating simple MPASM™ code written in
MPLAB® IDE (nop.asm)
Building code in MPLAB® IDE
Introduce the Output Window and
Program Memory Window
Selecting Build Options
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 26
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
MPLAB® IDE:
Using Project Wizard
Starting a new project


Select: Project-> Project Wizard
Select: Next
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 27
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
Project Wizard: Select Device
Step 1: Select: PIC12F675
Select: Next
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 28
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
Project Wizard: Select Toolsuite
Step 2: Select: Microchip MPASM™ Toolsuite
Select: Next
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 29
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
Project Wizard: Select Name
Step 3:
Project Directory:
C:\ProgramFiles\Microchip\PICkit1\Tutorials
Project Name:
Select:
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Workshop In A Box
Next
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 30
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
Project Wizard: Summary
Step 4: Summary of new project parameters

Select: Finish
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 31
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

Project Wizard Completed
Project name assigned
Next step is to make this project useful

Windows are added which display debugging
capabilities of MPLAB® IDE
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 32
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
How to Open Windows in
MPLAB® IDE
MPLAB® Workspace
configured for use

Select
View -> Output
View -> Dissasembly
View -> Watch
View -> Hardware Stk
View -> Pgm Memory
View -> File Registers
View -> EEPROM
View -> SFRs
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 33
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MPLAB® Windows Open
With No Code Loaded
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 34
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
Select a MPLAB® SIM
Debug Tool
Debugger -> Select Tool -> MPLAB SIM

MPLAB SIM chosen for this example
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 35
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
Adding Symbols to Monitor in
Watch Window
View -> Watch


enter registers/variables to watch
click “Add SFR” or “Add Symbol”
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 36
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
Debugging using MPSIM™
Simulator
The MPLAB® IDE Program
Project
Window
Source Code
Output Window
Watch
Window
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 37
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Setup Configuration Bits in
PICmicro® MCUs

PIC® MCUs have Configuration
Bits

Configuration bits are setup at
program or debug time.

Set the Configuration Bits first, with
Configure -> Configuration Bits,
then program the device.

© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Configuration Bits are
Important!
Read the data sheet
for your specific chip!
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 38
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MPLAB® Project With Labels
W Register
Status Register:
UC=1, LC=0
Program
Counter
Checksum
Device
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Word Wrap
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 39
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PIC12F675
Arhitektura
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 40
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PIC12F629/675
Block Diagram
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 41
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8-Pin & 14-Pin Features
PIC12F629/ PIC12F675










1.8K Bytes Flash Program
(1Kw)
64 Bytes Data RAM
128 Bytes Data EEPROM
1 Comparator
1x8, 1x16 bit counters
Precision Internal OSC
Brown-Out Reset (BOR)
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
PDIP, SOIC, DFN
4 x 10-bit A/D (12F675)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
PIC16F630/ PIC16F676










1.8K Bytes Flash Program
(1Kw)
64 Bytes Data RAM
128 Bytes Data EEPROM
1 Comparator
1x8, 1x16 bit counters
Precision Internal OSC
Brown-Out Reset (BOR)
Watchdog Timer (WDT)
PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP
8 x 10-bit A/D (16F676)
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 42
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PIC12F6xx <-> PIC16F630/676
8 x 10-bit A/D
PIC16F630
PIC16F676
4 x 10-bit A/D
PIC12F629
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
PIC12F675
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 43
VDD
GP5/T1CKI/OSC1/CLKIN
GP4/AN3/T1G/OSC2/CLKOUT
VDDGP3/MCLR/VPP
14 - Pin
8-pin and 14-pin Compatibility
8 - Pin
vin
VSS
GP0/AN0/CIN+/ICSPDAT
GP1/AN1/CIN-/ICSPCLK
GP2/AN2/T0CKI/INT/COUT
RC5
RC0/AN4
RC4
RC1/AN5
RC3/AN7
RC2/AN6
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 44
A/D
vin
8-18 Pin Migration
PIC12F675
PIC16F676
PIC16F818/9
PIC16C71x
Digital/
Comparator
PIC12C671/2
Flash
OTP
PIC12F629
PIC12C50xA
8 Pin
PIC16F630
PIC16C505
14 Pin
PIC16F627/8
PIC16C62xA
18 Pin
Enh Flash
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 45
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Low Pin Count
Migration Paths
More I/O,
More A/D channels
PIC12F629
PIC12F675
Flash,
10-bit A/D,
EEPROM,
Comparator,
Better Intosc,
2V Operation,
x14 Core
More I/O and memory,
Serial comms, CCP
PIC16F630
PIC16F676
Lower cost
Flash, 10-bit A/D,
Better Intosc, more
I/O, 2V Operation,
Comparator,
EEPROM,
x14 Core
Flash, A/D,
EEPROM,
Comparator,
Better Intosc
2V Operation,
x14 Core
More I/O
PIC12C50x
PIC12C67x
Lower cost
8-pin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
PIC16F62x
PIC16F81x
Lower cost,
more A/D
Flash,
EEPROM,
10-bit A/D,
Lower cost,
Better Intosc,
2V Operation
Flash, 10-bit
A/D, EEPROM,
Better Intosc,
2V Operation,
More Memory,
USART
More I/O
PIC16C505
Lower cost
PIC16C62x
PIC16C71x
14-pin
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
18-pin
Slide 46
vin
Flash - Quality !!!!
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 47
vin
Strength - PEEC Flash
Program Memory
So What:
 Best in the Industry Endurance
Prove it:
 Endurance - From Datasheet Spec


*
100,000 Erase/Write Cycles Program Memory
1,000,000 Erase/Write Cycles Data EEPROM
How important is quality and reliability in the
application?
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 48
vin

Provide Non-Volatile Storage for:





Strength - Data EEPROM
Calibration values
Serial numbers
After Production modification/customization
Storing custom settings during power down
Data EEPROM is Separate from Program
Memory


More Read/Write cycles than Program Memory
Microcontroller can continue executing code
while writing to Data EEPROM
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 49
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ADC
10 Bit versus 8 Bit
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 50
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Advantages of a 10-bit A/D
To get 8-bit Resolution with an 8-bit
A/D, the signal must be full scale
IN
Adjust
5V
Amp
5V
8-bit
A/D
Digital
MCU
5V
10100100
00100101
10001110
10001001
00101001
11111010
3V
1V
0V
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
2V
0V
0V
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 51
vin
Advantages of a 10-bit A/D

PIC12F675
IN
Signal can be measured
directly

ADC


5V

3V
1V
0V
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.


10-bits means 1024
steps
2V/5V*1024 = 409steps
more than 8-bit
resolution
No more scaling
required
No more adjustments
required
Less components
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 52
vin
When is a Comparator helpful ?
1.) Software ADC -> PIC16F630
2.) fast hardware shutdown
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 53
vin


Good General Purpose Comparator
Standard on all products
Internal Voltage Divider (Vref) available


Strength - Comparator
Up to 32 Software Programmable levels
available
Eight different operating modes



Programmable input multiplexing
Output is externally available (Use as a standalone analog component)
Switched off if not used to save power
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 54
vin
Comparator Features:
Eight Operating Modes
CIN -
-
CIN +
+
CIN -
-
CIN +
+
Cout
Cout
Default
CIN -
-
CIN +
+
Cout
Internal Out
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
External/Internal Out
HW-shutdown possible
CIN -
-
CIN +
+
Cout
Vref
External/Internal Out
with Internal Reference
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 55
vin
Comparator Features:
Eight Operating Modes (cont.)
CIS
CIN CIN -
-
CIN +
+
CIN +
+
Cout
Cout
Off (Lowest Power)
CIN CIN +
Cout
-
Vref
Input Multiplexing
with Internal Reference
CIS
CIN -
-
CIN +
+
+
Cout
Vref
Internal Out
with Internal Reference
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Vref
Input Multiplexing
with Internal Reference
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 56
vin
Comparator uses for 10Bit SW-ADC
PIC12F6xx , PIC16F630, PIC16F/C62x
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 57
vin
Temperature Measurement
Circuit Using a Diode CMCON := 0000 0011
VRCON := 1110 1100
VDD = 5V
VDD
PIC16F676
R3
R1
43kW
MCP601
VDD
R2
RA3
CINT
~0.1mA
PortA.3
RA0
R1 = 24kW
R2 =31.5kW
R3 =196kW
CINT =100nF
High Input
Impedance
Low Output
Impedance
Input Range
200mV to 800mV
RA2
+
VDD / 2
Comparator
CMCON.6
AN700-”Make a Delta-Sigma Converter Using a
Microcontroller’s Analog Comparator Module”
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 58
vin
What is the wake-up time of a
controller after SLEEP mode ?
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 59
vin
Why is a quick startup
important?
1mA
Idd
1uA
Device wakes up
(8 Tcycle-int. RC),
tests a condition
and go back to
sleep A quick startup
time reduces
‘on’ time
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
For battery applications:
 Minimize ‘On’ time
 Minimum sleep current
Result:
Longer
battery life
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 60
vin
Simplify the Power Supply
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 61
vin
Strength: Wide Operating
Voltage
So What:
 Flexibility to select best available/low cost
device to interface to PIC12F6xx
 Does not require additional components to
translate voltage levels so that different
components can interface
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 62
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Wide Operating Voltage doesn’t need a LDO...
Voltage
2,0/2,2V
Time
Operating voltage range
with LDO
Wider operating voltage
means easier Power-supply
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 63
vin

8-Pin



Strength - Packaging
SN package (150mil SOIC)
DFN (Flatter) package
14-Pin



12 I/O Pins
150 mil SOIC
TSSOP package available
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 64
vin
QFN Package Cross
Section
Die
Mold Compound
Cu Leadframe
Gold Wire
Lands
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 65
vin

MPLAB® Integrated Development
Environment





Simulator, Assembler, Linker
Programming support


Development Tool Support
PRO MATE® II programmer
PICSTART® Plus programmer (low-cost)
PICKit 1 Flash Starterkit
MPLAB® In-Circuit Debugger (ICD 2)
MPLAB® ICE 2000 Emulator
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 66
vin
ICD for 8/14 Pin Devices
ICD Device
(PIC12F675/ICD)
ICD2 (DV164005,
DV164006,DV164007)
ICD2 Header
(AC162050)
Target
Board
To PC
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 67
vin










Summary Features
Flash Program Memory
Real Data EE2
Wide Operating Voltage 2.0-5.5V
10-bit resolution on the A/D (12F675/16F676 only)
Analog Comparator Module + programmable Vref
Precision Internal 4MHz Oscillator +-2%
Operating Speed up to 20MHz
In-Circuit Debug Capability
Packaging - DFN-S,TSSOP
Brown-out Reset
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 68
vin


Technical Literature
PIC12F629/675 Data Sheet - DS41190C
Programming Spec. - DS41173B

PIC16F630/676 Data Sheet DS40039C
PIC16F630/676 Programming Spec. DS41191B

Tips n’ Tricks Brochure

Please check Microchip’s Web Site for the
latest Versions of the Data Sheet and possible Errata-sheets
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 69
vin
Workshop Lessons
using
TM
PICkit 1
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 70
vin
Overview

Lesson 1:
Blinking LED 200ms

Lesson 2:
read a button -> LED on/off

Lesson 3:
Constant Main-loops

Lesson 4:
SW-PWM standard via IRQ

Lesson 5:
SW- PWM easy way
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 71
vin

Lesson #1
In Lesson #1 a very basic program is
downloaded to the PIC12F675, which drives
LED D0 ON/OFF at a 200 millisecond rate.



The Flowchart for Lesson #1 shows the basic
operation of the source code
The block diagram shows a typical circuit used
to drive an LED.
– 2 different methods of driving an LED using
an I/O port are shown
Source code description includes Assembler
directives and initialization of PICmicro
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 72
vin
Lesson #1
Flowchart & LED Drive Circuit
VCC
S
t
a
r
t
LED
LED1 ON
LED1 OFF
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
i
z
e
P
I
C
1
2
F
6
7
5
LED2 ON
LED2 OFF
OUT1 OUT2
LO
X
HI or Z X
X
X
HI
LO or Z
LED1
T
u
r
n
o
n
L
E
D
OUT1
D
e
l
a
y
OUT2
PIC12F675
LED2
T
u
r
n
O
f
f
L
E
D
D
e
l
a
y
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 73
vin

Assembly Code Description
Assembler directives are used at the
beginning of the program to select additional
library functions and set initial conditions.



#Include
– Assembler directive to load Libraries
_Config
– Assembler directive to assign the initial
conditions of the microcontroller
#Define
– Defines variables and assigns initial values
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 74
vin
Lesson #1 Source Code
Assembler Directives
list p=12F675
#include <p12f675.inc>
__CONFIG _CP_OFF & _CPD_OFF & _BODEN_OFF…...
#define DELAYCONSTANT
#define TRISIO_INIT
#define LED
cblock 0x20
INNER
OUTER
endc
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
.255
b'11111110'
GPIO,0
;GP0 - Output
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 75
vin

Assembly Code Description
(continued)
Microcontrollers require initialization after
they come out of their Power On Reset
(POR) condition.

Initialize function
– Located at the beginning of a program
– Memory, registers and I/O ports should be
initialized to specific values for a more
robust design
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 76
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 77
vin
Lesson #1 Source Code
Initialization of PICmicro
org 0x00
Initialize
banksel GPIO
movlw .7
movwf CMCON
clrf
banksel
movlw
movwf
clrf
banksel
;Bank 0
;Comparator Off, Pins Set
;For Digital
GPIO
TRISIO
TRISIO_INIT
TRISIO
ANSEL
GPIO
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
;Bank 1
;Pins Set For Digital
;Bank 0
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 78
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 79
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 80
vin

Assembly Code Description
(continued)
A main program is used to control the overall
operation of any microcontroller.


MAIN function
– Usually located after the Initialize section
– Will call other subroutine functions for steps
that are repeated throughout the operation
Delay
– Subroutine function with a programmable
delay to control LED ON/OFF timing
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 81
vin
Lesson #1 Source Code
Main Function
Main
bsf
LED
movlw DELAYCONSTANT
call
Delay
bcf
LED
movlw DELAYCONSTANT
call
Delay
goto Main
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
;Turn on LED
;Delay
;Turn off LED
;Delay
;Start All Over Again
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 82
vin

Assembly Code Description
(continued)
A subroutine or function is used to support
the Main function of a microcontroller.

Delay function
– This function is called by the Main function
when a programmable delay is required
– The delay in this function is used to control
the rate that the LED cycles ON and OFF
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 83
vin
Lesson #1 Source Code
Delay Subroutine
; Delay(W) - DelayTime = [ (1)+(2)+(2)+(W*768-W)+(W*3-1)+(2)]*
(OSC/4)cycles (This includes the movlw,call,and return)
;
- Max Time When W=0xFF, [ 196356 Cycles * (OSC/4) ]
;
- Must Declare INNER & OUTER AS GPR'S
;******************************************************
Delay
movwf OUTER
clrf
INNER
D1
decfsz INNER,f
goto D1
D2
decfsz OUTER,f
goto D1
return
END
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 84
vin
Lesson #1

Step 1: Create a project under MPLAB

Step 2: Enter the code , assemble

Step 3: Simulate it under MPLAB

Step 4: Begin communication with PICkit 1


Start->Programs->PICKit 1 FLASH Start Kit
Screenshots are shown on next slide
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 85
vin
It starts Here…
“Ready for launch...”
Simulate
and
Debug
Edit & Build
Project
Management
Design
Process
Emulate
Program
Device
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 86
vin
MPLAB ®
Integrated Development Environment
Built-in
Editor
Language
Products
Low-cost
Debugging
MPASM
MPLAB SIM
MPASM™
+
MPLINK
Sofware
Assembler
Simulator
+ MPLIB
MPLINK™HEX File
MPLIB™
MPLAB C17
MPLAB C18
MPLAB C30
Source
Level
Debugger
Project
Manager
Emulation
and Analyis
MPLAB ICE
2000
MPLAB ICE
4000
MPLAB ICD
MPLAB ICD 2
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Device
Programmers
®
PICSTART
Plus
Third Party
Tools
C Compilers
IAR
Hi-Tech
CCS
PRO MATE® II
Real-time Operating
Systems
CMX, Vector,
Realogy
PRO MATE 3
Libraried Routines
Live Devices, CMX,
Momentum Data
Systems
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 87
vin
Now bring it to PICKIT1
hardware….
LED D0 is on when:
===============
RA4 -> Output High (1)
RA5 -> Output Low (0)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 88
vin
Programming Interface for
Steps 1 & 2
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 89
vin

Step 3: Download data to PICmicro



Lesson #1 (continued)
Programmer-> Write Device
Or
Press Write Device Button
Status window shows ‘Write Successful’
LED D0 should now blink at a 200 msec rate
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 90
vin
Programming Interface for
Step 3
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 91
vin

The new code in Lesson 2 will turn LED D1
ON at startup and D0 will be OFF.



Lesson #2
While pressing switch SW1, D1 will turn OFF &
D0 turns ON
Releasing SW1 turns D1 ON & turns D0 OFF
Flowchart / LED & Switch schematic shown


Basic flowchart of Lesson 2
LED and switch circuit used in PICkitTM 1
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 92
vin
Lesson #2
Flowchart and LED Truth Table
PIN
D0
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
D7
D8
D9 D10 D11
t GP4
r
a
t
S
HI LOW HI LOW Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
HI LOW
GP5 LOW HI
Z
Z
HI LOW Z
Z
HI LOW Z
Z
GP2
Z
Z LOW HI LOW HI
HI LOW
Z
Z
Z
Z
GP1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
LOW
HI
LOW
HI
LOW
HI
e
z
i
l
a
i
t
i
n
I
PICkit™ 1 LED Truth Table
5
7
6
F
2
1
C
I
P
(HI => Logic 1, LOW => Logic 0, and Z => TRISIO = 1)
s
e
Y
n
o
t
t
u
B
s
I
?
d
e
h
s
u
P
n
O
n
r
u
T
o
N
1
D
E
L
n
O
n
r
u
T
2
D
E
L
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 93
vin
Lesson #2
LED Circuit in PICkitTM 1


© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
PICmicro can selectively
drive up to 12 different
LEDs using 4 I/O ports
See TB029
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 94
vin

Step 1: Locate Lesson2.hex and load buffer


File->Import HEX
– Path: xxx
Step 2: Download data to PICmicro


Lesson #2
Programmer-> Write Device Or
Press Write Device Button
– Status window shows ‘Write Successful’
LED D1 will turn ON


Pressing SW1 will turn D1 OFF and turn D0 ON
Releasing SW1 will go back to initial setup
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 95
vin
Lesson #3
Have a predictable timing and avoid
asynchronus interupts.
A Task Manager
enhances
readability of the software
and the debug capabilities
...
...
...
...
Taskmanager
n
1
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
2
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 96
vin
Mainloop

Every Task gets a number -> task_count
this task# has to be checked for value and
has to be limited.

Every task could have the same timing

Out of constant tasks you can count up
for seconds, minutes, hours,...
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 97
vin






Using TMR0 / RTCC
8-bit Timer / Counter
Readable and writable
8-bit software programmable prescaler
Internal or external clock select
Interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h
Edge select for external clock
External
Clock
Input
8-bit Data Bus
Fosc/4
8-bit
Programmable
Prescaler
T0SE
T0CS
3
PS2, PS1, PS0
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Sync with
internal
clocks
TMR0
(2 cycle delay)
PSA
Set T0IF interrupt
flag on Overflow
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 98
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 99
vin
“Task Manager” - in General
Initialize TMR0
Task# as offset in W-Reg
Goto Task0
Task0
Goto Task1
.....
Goto Taskn
Taskn
Increment Task#
constant time
Add offset on PCL-REG
and limit value
Wait for TMR0 has it´s
final value
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 100
vin
;********** MAIN - LOOP**************************
;********** create 10 tasks , each 1ms long
;********** use tmr0 for it:
;********** micro running at 4MHz-> 1 us per instruction
;********** 1ms = 1000us, prescaler-vale = ":4"
Start_Main
movlw
0x00
movwf
TMR0
movf
task_count,w
andlw
b’00000111’
addwf
PCL,f
goto
task0
goto
task1
goto
task2
goto
task3
goto
task4
goto
task5
goto
task6
goto
task7
continue
incf
task_count,f
movlw
0x06
xorwf
task_count,w
btfsc
STATUS,Z
goto
task_limit
goto
wait_end_task
task_limit
movlw
0x00
movwf
task_count
wait_end_task
movlw
0xF7
; is 1ms over ??
subwf
TMR0,W
btfsc
STATUS,C
goto Start_Main
; yes
goto
wait_end_task ; no
Limiting table jump
Jump-table
Prepare the next task
Fill rest of task with waiting
for a constant time
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 101
vin
Lesson #4
Read upper 8 Bit of ADC Channel 0 and
create a standard SW-PWM via IRQ
Period
D.C.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Period
D.C.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 102
vin
Lesson #4
How it works….
Period
D.C.
Period
D.C.
Demo will give you
approx. 124Hz
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 103
vin
PWM-Generation
PWM-Output
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 104
vin
Main-Loop
;---------------------------------------------------------------Main
call
Read_ADC
call
SetPWM
goto Main
;Start All Over Again
;----------------------------------------------------------------
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 105
vin
10-Bit A/D Module:
Left/Right Justification of A/D Result
10-Bit Result
ADFM = 1
ADFM = 0
076 5
7
00 0000
ADRESH
ADRESL
10-Bit Result
Left Justified
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
0
2 107
7
0
0000 00
ADRESH
ADRESL
10-Bit Result
Right Justified
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 106
vin
A/D Conversion Timing
BSF ADCON0, GO
1/2 Tcy
134
131
Q4
130
A/D CLK
9
A/D D ATA
8
7
6
3
OLD_DATA
ADRES
2
1
0
NEW_DATA
ADIF
GO
SAMPLE
DONE
132
SAMPLING STOPPED
If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TC Y is added before the A/D clock starts. This allows the
SLEEP instruction to be executed.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 107
vin
10-Bit A/D:
Acquisition, Conversion and Sampling Time
A/D Sample Time
Acquisition Time
Conversion Time
Go bit set
A/D Channel Selected; A/D Turned ON
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 108
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 109
vin
Input Impedance :
Looking in from the outside
Vdd
Analog
Input
Rs
Switch Resistance
CPIN
Leakage
current
R = 1..8kW
Sample Cap
C = 25pF(12Bit)
Vss



Analog channel input impedance is relatively low
Source output impedance Interacts with switch
resistance and sample caps
A high impedance source will increase sample cap
charging time
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 110
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 111
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 112
vin
ADC-setup
banksel
movlw
ADCON0
B'00000001'
movwf
banksel
movlw
ADCON0
ANSEL
B'00110001'
movwf
ANSEL
; left adjustified, Vdd as Vref, Channel 0,
; ADC is on
; Poti of PICKIT 1 is connected to GP0
; driven by int. RC
ADC-subroutine
Read_ADC
bsf
ADCON0,GO
; ADC starten
btfsc
goto
movf
return
ADCON0,GO
wait_ADC
ADRESH,W
;...............result is now in ADRESH
wait_ADC
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 113
vin
;*********************************************************************
;
Interrupt Vector and Service Routine
;
This interrupt routine is entered via an overflow of TMR0 from
;
0xFF to 0x00. A test of RB1 determines if the next time state
;
is a high or low cycle. The next interrupt will occur based the
;
TMR0 reload value (OUTLOW or OUTHIGH).
;
;
The interrupt routine was designed to use a minimial number of
;
instruction cycles. This was done to maximise the PWM duty cycle
;
range (ie. a 5 % to 95 % range is achievable with this ISR). Note
;
that 'swapf' instructions are used to perform register moves without
;
effecting the STATUS flags (this saves instruction cycles by
;
eliminating the need to
temporarily save the STATUS register).
;
;*********************************************************************
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 114
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 115
vin
org
0x004
; Interupt vector location
IntVector
movwf
btfsc
goto
TEMPW
PWM
PWMLow
; Temporarily save W
; Was this a Low cycle ?
; No ...
swapf
bsf
nop
movwf
bcf
swapf
swapf
OUTHIGH,W
PWM
; Yes... Load high time without affecting STATUS flags
PWMHigh
TMR0
INTCON,T0IF
TEMPW,F
TEMPW,W
; Delay to equalise high/low TMR0 load cycles
; Load next edge interrupt time
; Clear TMR0 overflow flag
; Swap saved W
; Restore W
IntEndHi
retfie
; Return from Interrupt
PWMLow
bcf
swapf
movwf
bcf
swapf
swapf
PWM
OUTLOW,W
TMR0
INTCON,T0IF
TEMPW,F
TEMPW,W
; Load low time
; Load next edge interrupt time
; Clear TMR0 overflow flag
; Swap saved W
; Restore W
IntEndLo
retfie
; Return from Interrupt
;---------------------- end of IRQ -------------------------
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 116
vin
;*********************************************************************
;
Set PWM Subroutine
;
The following calculates the next low and high PWM time values.
;
The two time values, OUTLOW and OUTHIGH, will be passed to the
;
interrupt service routine.
;*********************************************************************
SetPWM
bcf
INTCON,GIE
; Disable interrupts to prevent ISR from...
; corrupting OUTLOW & OUTHIGH values
movwf
OUTLOW
; Set PWM Duty Cycle
comf
OUTLOW,W
;
;
addlw
movwf
movf
addlw
movwf
IntEndHi-IntVector ; Adjust for Int Service time
OUTHIGH
OUTLOW,W
IntEndHi-IntVector ; Adjust for Int Service time
OUTLOW
swapf
swapf
bsf
return
OUTLOW,F
OUTHIGH,F
INTCON,GIE
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
; Swap nibbles so that interrupt service...
; will not corrupt STATUS
; Re-enable interrupts
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 117
vin
Lesson #5
Read upper 8 Bit of ADC Channel 0 and
create a easy SW-”PWM” without IRQ
Period
D.C.
Period
D.C.
Goes from 0Hz(0%) …200Hz ….8,8Khz
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 118
vin
•Now, please exchange the Set_PWM-SW
with the following new one.
•Delete the IRQ-SW.
•Disable all IRQ’s.
•READ_ADC as before..
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 119
vin
Easy_PWM
bcf
PWM
addwf ACCU,F
btfsc STATUS,C
GOTO TOGGLE
return
TOGGLE
clrf
ACCU
bsf
PWM
return
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 120
vin
Microchip
Product -Update
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Slide 121
vin
Overview
Analog
PICmicro

Low-pin count #1

Pin-migration family



high-quality Flash
Self programming
Memory
Interface

Low-Power OPAMP

Reliable Partner

Second source

SOT23

High-performance
small package

-> Sole source
(SC70-LDO/OPAMP/RESET)

high-quality Flash
mostly +125°C
possible

(SEEVAL Tool)

(Endurance Disk)
int. E²prom
…..
Perfect match
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 122
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Int. RC
PIC16F874A
int. Reset (BOR)
int. E²prom
int. Comparator
Int. RC
16F74/16F77
int. Vref
int. Reset (BOR)
int. E²prom
PIC16F873A
HW-PWM
16F72/16F73
int. Comparator
int. Vref
PIC16F819
int. 10Bit ADC
16C62xA
16F876A
16C712/716/771
18F252 (1,5KRAM)
(8/10/12 Bit ADC)
PIC12F675
16C505
12C50xA
12F629
12F675
16F630
16F676
16F818/819
(12Bit ADC)
16F877A
16C773
(12Bit ADC)
PIC16F676
16C774
int. 10Bit ADC
18F452 (1,5KRAM)
18F458 (CAN)
18F4320 (Low-power)
18F258 (CAN)
18F2320 (Nano-power)
16F628A (USART)
16F648A (4KW)
16F88/87 (4KW)
18F1220/1320
(Nano-power + LIN UART)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 123
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14-Pin upgrades...
2kWords, 256Bytes Eeprom
8Mhz int. RC !!!
New Low current WDT upto 268 sec. !!!
Enhanced CCP-Modul !!!
PIC16F630
PIC12F629
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
PIC16F684
PIC16F676
PIC12F675
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Slide 124
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Benefits…..
1mA
Idd
Use 32kHz crystal
(lowest cost) for
timing
1uA
Device wakes up (8 clocks),
tests a condition and go back
to sleep
PIC12F675
For battery applications:

Minimize ‘On’ time

Minimum sleep current
A quick startup
time reduces ‘on’
time
Result:
Longer
battery life
Execute code
running internal
oscillator
PIC12F675
Voltage
10Bit ADC
IN
CIS
CIN -
2,0V
Operating voltage range
translates into battery life
Time
Wider operating voltage
means longer battery life
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
CIN +
+
Cout
Vref
Input Multiplexing
with Internal Reference
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Slide 125
vin
18 Pin with
Comparator + Vref
4KW
PIC16F648A
PEEC
Technology
PIC16F628
2 Comp. + Vref.
PIC16F628A
BOR
PIC16C621A/622A
int. Dual speed RC
USART
2 Comp. + Vref
PIC16CR620A
BOR
HW PWM
Capture/Compare
more memory
2 Comp. + Vref
BOR
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 126
vin
18/20 Pin with ADC
PIC16F88/87
4KW, ICD2, 10Bit ADC, int. Osc.,
Comp. Low-power-Modi
PIC16F819
Flash
PIC16C770 / C771
12Bit ADC
progr. BOR
PIC16C717
progr. LVD
10Bit ADC
enh. HW PWM
progr. BOR
progr. LVD
PIC16C712/716
enh. HW PWM
16Bit timer
Caoture/compare
int. Dulspedd RC
16Bit timer
PIC16C711
8Bit ADC
Caoture/compare
BOR
int. Dulspedd RC
HW PWM
int. Vref
int. Vref
more Memory
16Bit timer
8Bit ADC
Capture/compare
BOR
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 127
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PWM Quad Output Mode
Example
VHIGH
TC4428
PA
PB
PC
A
FET
DRIVER
PD
TC4428
C
FET
DRIVER
MOTOR
B
D
PIC16F684
PIC16C717
PIC16C770
PIC16C771
PIC18F1220
PIC18F1320
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 128
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Dead time control on
enhanced PWM
TD
TDC
TP
TD = Dead Time [Dual Output Mode Only]
TDC = Duty Cycle Time
TP = Period Time
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 129
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PICmicro® goes…..
PIC18F2220/2320
PIC18F1320
PIC18F1220
PIC16F88/87
•More flexible Oscillators
PIC16F819
PIC16F648A
PIC16F628A
Lowest Cost
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
•Lower current Timer1
•faster Startup , (8clocks) after power-up
•more Power-down-modi
Highest feature
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Slide 130
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© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Want to try ?
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Slide 131
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Get info’s automatical !!
Change / Errata
via email
http://cn.microchip.com/sales/product_change.nsf/mainframeset?openframeset
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 132
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Microchip delivers……..

Risk free development

Lower total system cost

Faster time to market
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 133
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Tips and Tricks
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 134
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







Overview Tip’s & Tricks
RC- Osc. Switching
Easy charge-pumps
Self-latching circuits
Reading a sensor with higher resolution
High Frequency messurement
HW-PWM using comparators
Low-Power
Several SW Tips
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 135
vin
Dual Speed RC Oscillator
resistor switching
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 136
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Dual Speed RC Oscillator
After reset, GP2 pin is High - Z
Frequency is determined by R1 and C3
Changing GP2 state to output high
Frequency is determined by R1||R2 and C3
Looks fine, any possible problems?
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 137
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Dual Speed RC Oscillator
While in the low frequency mode, GP2 sees the
oscillators voltage swing, which causes additional
current drawn through the digital input buffer.
Tip: On some devices, the digital input buffer can be
turned of by configuring the pin as analog input.
Switching GP2 to ground will certainly hold the
oscillator, without an active watchdog somebody
needs to remove the battery.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 138
vin
Dual Speed RC Oscillator
Switching a capacitor instead of a resistor
Situation changes , GP2 sees the signal while in high
speed mode, where the increased current
consumption may be tolerated.
It doesn‘t matter if you set GP2 high or low, important
is the change input/output
GP2=input
High frequency
GP2=output
Low frequency
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 139
vin
Dual Speed RC Oscillator
capacitor switching
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 140
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Connecting C3 to Vdd
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 141
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Works also for Xtal
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 142
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Charge pumps
•Can be driven with an I/O-pin
•For higher output currents, parallel I/Os
•Or, use a push-pull stage
•This can be a discrete one or a FET-driver
•Don‘t forget the current limiting resistors
•Clock out may also be used
•Attention, higher source impedance
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 143
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Doubling charge pump
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 144
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Inverting charge pump
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 145
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Bad circuit!
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 146
vin
Inverting charge pump
with higher current
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 147
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Self latching circuits
•The micro has control over Vdd
•Allows the watchdog to be running
•Allows brown out detection
•A dynamic circuit can serve as an
additional watchdog
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 148
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Self latching circuits
Standard I/O
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 149
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Self latching circuits
Open Drain I/O
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 150
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Self latching circuits
Dynamic drive
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 151
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Self latching circuits
Dynamic drive simplified
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 152
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Self latching circuits
•The simplified circuit requires an asymetric drive
•Clock out may be used to drive the charge pump
•PNP instead of NPN may be used
•Using MOSFET may cause problems with lower
battery voltages
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 153
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Reading a Sensor with
Higher Resolution
1. RC timing method with reference resistor
2. Charge balancing method
3. A/D method
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 154
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I. Reading a Sensor with
Higher Resolution
1. RC Timing Method:
Vc(t)
R1
R2
Simple RC step response
Vth
Vc(t) = VDD * (1 - e -t/(RC))
t = -RC ln(1 - Vth/VDD)
t=0
Vth/VDD is constant
R2 = (t2/t1) * R1
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
t = t1
t = t2
Time
AN512 Implementing Ohmmeter/Temperature Sensor
AN611 Resistance and Capacitance Meter Using a PIC16C622
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Slide 155
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I. Reading a Sensor with
Higher Resolution
RC Timing Method
PIC12F629
Rref
GP2
Rsen
GP1
GP0
1. Set GP1 and GP2 to inputs, and
GP0 to a low output to discharge C.
2. Set GP0 to an input and GP1 to a
high output.
3. Measure tRsen (GP0 changes to 1).
4. Repeat step 1.
5. Set GP0 to an input and GP2 to a
high output.
6. Measure tRref (GP0 changes to 1).
7. Use film polypropylene capacitor.
8. Rth = tRsen x Rref
tRref
Other alternatives: Voltage comparator in the PIC12F6XX
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 156
vin
II. Charge Balancing Method
1. Sensor charges a capacitor
2. Reference resistor discharges the capacitor
3. Modulate reference resistor to maintain constant
average charge in the capacitor
4. Use comparator to determine modulation
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 157
vin
II. Reading a Sensor with
Higher Resolution
2. Charge Balancing Method:
VDD
PIC12F6XX
CVref
Rsen
COUT
GP1
Rref
T1G
GP2
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
1. GP1 average voltage = CVref
2. Time base as sampling rate.
3. At the end of each time base period:
- If GP1 > CVref, then GP2 Output Low
- If GP1 < CVref, then GP2 Input mode
4. Accumulate the GP2 lows over
many samples.
5. Number of samples determines
resolution.
6. Number of GP2 lows determine
effective duty cycle of Rref.
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Slide 158
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II. Delta Sigma Converter
1. GP1 average voltage = CVref
2. Time base as sampling rate.
3. At the end of each time base period:
- If GP1 > CVref, then GP2 Output Low.
- If GP1 < CVref, then GP2 Output High.
PIC12F6XX
CVref
Software
closes loop
COUT
GP1
Vin
GP2
4. Accumulate the GP2 lows over
many samples.
5. Number of samples determines resolution.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 159
vin
III. Reading a Sensor w/ Higher
Resolution
A/D method:
PIC12F675
100K
GP2
10K
GP1
AN0 (A/D input)
Rsen
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
1. 10K and 100K resistors are
used to set the range.
2. Vref for A/D = VDD.
3. Rth calculation is independent
of VDD.
4. Count = Rsen/(Rsen+Rref) x 255
5. Don’t forget to allow acquisition
time for the A/D
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Slide 160
vin
High Frequency
Signal Measurement

TMR0:

Readable and writable
Generates interrupt on overflow from FFh to 00h
Prescaler is programmable
In timer mode: fastest increment rate is OSC/4
(5 MHz @ 20 MHz oscillator frequency)
In counter mode: configurable to increment on either edge
External counter mode has Max. input = 50 MHz (using prescaler)





Interrupt on overflow
Ext clock
input
8-bit prescaler
8-bit timer/counter
Internal
clock
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 161
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
High Frequency Signal
Measurement
If Prescaler set to max. divide value of 256



Max. input frequency = 1/1.6 nS
However Min. input rise/fall time = 10 nS
So Max frequency = 1/20nS = 50Mhz.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 162
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

High Frequency Signal
Measurement
CNTL1=1, stops additional pulses from
getting clocked into the prescaler
To get low 8 bits from prescaler, pulse
CNTL2 N times, till TMR0 = TMR0+1;
Low 8 bit value = (256 - N).
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 163
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
High Frequency Signal
Measurement
Q1 replaces the NAND gates to reduce
system cost.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 164
vin
Hardware PWM using
comparators

Vin
Vout



Vref
Vin
Vin = Ramp input
If Vin > Vref, Vout = 0
If Vin < Vref, Vout = 1
If Vref is variable, then
the PWM duty cycle
will vary with the Vref
level.
Vref
Vout
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 165
vin
Hardware PWM using comparators
Generating a Ramp

OSC1

PIC16C62X
Vout
OSC2
Vramp
R
C

Vout
OSC1 is connected to
as an RC oscillator.
OSC2 output is
connected to a RC to
generate a ramp
Selection of RC is
important to maximize
the triangulation in the
ramp voltage.
Vramp
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 166
vin
Hardware PWM using comparators
Vref outputs for 62x Vdd = 5V
Vr<3:0> VRR = 1 VRR = 0
0
0
1.25
1
0.21
1.41
2
0.42
1.56
3
0.63
1.72
4
0.83
1.88
5
1.04
2.03
6
1.25
2.19
7
1.46
2.34
8
1.67
2.50
9
1.88
2.66
10
2.08
2.81
11
2.29
2.97
12
2.50
3.13
13
2.71
3.28
14
2.92
3.44
15
3.13
3.59
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Vref Values



For Vdd = 5V a total of
32 voltage outputs are
available as Vref.
Values sometimes
overlap for VRR = 0
and VRR = 1.
In order to get an
ascending order of
Vref, a lookup table is
the best approach to
set VRCON.
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Slide 167
vin
Hardware PWM using comparators
Lookup table for Ascending Vref values

Voltage
VRCON Voltage
VRCON
1.04
229
2.34
199
1.25
230
2.50
200
1.41
193
2.66
201
1.56
194
2.71
237
1.67
232
2.81
202
1.72
195
2.92
238
1.88
196
2.97
203
2.03
197
3.13
204
2.08
234
3.28
205
2.19
198
3.44
206
2.29
235
3.59
207
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.

For each value of
voltage, a
corresponding VRCON
value can be selected.
A look-up table can be
used to select an
ascending order of
Vref voltages.
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Slide 168
vin
Hardware PWM using comparators
C Code for varying PWM Duty Cycle
const unsigned char VrefTable[] = {
229,230,193,194,232,195,196,197,234,198,235,
199,200,201,237,202,238,203,204,205,206,207,0};
void main(void){
Init();
Delay_Ms_4MHz(250);
while(1)
{ if(!PORTB.UP)
{
VrefIndex++;
if (VrefIndex == MAXVREFS)
VrefIndex = 0;
VRCON = VrefTable[VrefIndex];
PORTB = VrefIndex;
}
while (!PORTB.UP)
Delay_Ms_4MHz(20);
}
}
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 169
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Hardware PWM using comparators
PIC16C62X Implementation
PIC16C62X
RA4

RA3

OSC1

RA2
Vref
CM<2:0> =
110

Vout
OSC2
Vramp
R
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Vramp = RC square
wave after filter
RA3 and RA4 are
PWM outputs pins.
Vref output on RA2
RA2 connected to NonInverting terminals of
both comparators.
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Slide 170
vin
Keyboard scanning
using a ADC
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 171
vin
What is Nanowatt
Technology ?
Reduction of the Power
Consumption of an Electronic
Circuit to Values < 1 uW
Is this possible and how can we
achieve it ?
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 172
vin

Keep maximum current consumption at all
times low


Low Performance Application like Real Time Clocks,
Timers
Keep average current consumption low,
allowing short peaks of higher currents



Methods to implement
Nanowatt Technology
Remote Controls, RKE systems
Remote Sensors
Combination of both
–
Data Logger
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 173
vin






Key Elements for Nanowatt
Applications
Supply Voltage
Clock Frequency
Operating Temperature
Component Selection
Relation of Stand-By Times vs. Active Times
Other H/W and S/W Design Techniques
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 174
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
Key Elements for Nanowatt
Applications
Controller Architecture



Efficient Throughput Rate
Static Design
Flexible Power Management
– Low Power Modes
– Variable Clock Frequency
– Power Control for on-chip Peripherals
– Fast Wake-up from Stand-By Mode
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 175
vin

Wake-up from Stand-By Mode
Crystal Waking-Up(~8.5msec)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 176
vin

Wake-up from Stand-By Mode
Resonator Waking-Up (~390usec.)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 177
vin

Wake-up from Stand-By Mode
RC oscillator Waking-Up(~1.15usec)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 178
vin
Int. RC of PIC12F675
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 179
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
Wake-up from Stand-By Mode
Conclusions

Internal RC oscillator is optimum solution for
many Nanowatt applications
– low current consumption
– fast wake-up from Stand-by
 Immediate Start of Oscillation
 OST is disabled on PICmicro Devices
– fast stop when entering Stand-by
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 180
vin

Example for nW Components
PIC12F629/12F675









0.4 Micron CMOS process
High reliable, high endurance, ultra low leakage current proprietary
FLASH Cell (PEEC)
Harvard Architecture (RISC like, 0.25 MIPS per MHz)
with internal RC oscillator and power controlled peripherals (BOR,
Comparator, ADC, EEPROM ….etc.)
Supply Voltage Range 2.0V - 5.5 V
typ. Leakage current on any I/O pin < +-0.1 uA (max. +-1 uA)
max. standby current @3.0V = 770 nA
typ. Standby current @ 3.0V = 1.2 nA
typ. Operating current @32kHz, 3.0 V = 18 uA
for further details see data sheet DS41190C
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 181
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
Example for nW Components
MCP604x/MCP614x Low Power
Operational Amplifiers







CMOS process
Rail-to-rail I/O
CS input for power control (MCP6x43)
14kHz/100kHz GBWP
Typical quiescent current Iq = 600 nA
Standby Current (MCP6x43) typ. 20 pA
Supply voltage range 1.4 V … 5.5 V
for further details see data sheet DS21669B
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 182
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
Example for nW Components
TC54 Voltage Detector




CMOS process
Generates an “Active Low” output signal if
Supply Voltage drops below “reset voltage”
Reset Voltage selectable between 1.5V and 6.0
V with +-1% Tolerance
Quiescent Current @ 3V :
typ. 1.3 uA, max. 3.4 uA
for further details see data sheet DS21669B
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 183
vin
Active to Standby Times
Iavg = ( Idd*T1+ Ipd*T2 ) / (T1+T2)
Active (T1)
Idd
Standby (T2)
Ipd
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin

Active to Standby Times
Example for PICmicro Controllers






Max Idd = 0.7 mA (int. 4MHz, 3V, -40 ….+85 )
Max Ipd = 770 nA (“SLEEP”, 3V, -40 …+85 )
T1 …. 1 ms
T2 …. 2.5 sec
Iavg = (0.7 * 0.001+ 0.00077*2.5) / 2.501= 1.05 uA
max.
Typical Average Power Consumption @25 deg C
201 nA * 3 V = 603 nanoWatt
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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
Active to Standby Times
Conclusions



Nanowatt Applications are possible !
Fast Oscillator Start-up after Wake-up has
major impact on Iavg (shorter Duty Cycle)
Take normal Operating Temperature of
Application into Consideration
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 186
vin





Other H/W and S/W Design
Techniques
Switch off power to external peripherals
when not used
Switch off power to internal peripherals when
not used
I/O Port Management
Dual Clock Systems
Power Budgeting
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 187
vin



Switch off power to external
Peripherals
Serial EEPROMs, RS232 Drivers
Connect Vdd of Peripheral to PICmicro I/O
pin instead of Vbat
Turn on the Pin only when Peripheral is
needed (e.g. when reading or writing
EEPROM) - saves up to 5 uA stand-by
current
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin

Switch off internal Peripherals
Consider disabling of





Watchdog Timer (saves up to 3.5 uA)
Brown-Out Detection ( up to 70 uA)
ADC (up to 1 uA)
Comparators (up to 8.5 uA)
Real Time Clock (Timer1) - up to 7 uA
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin

Pull Input Pins as close to Vdd or Vss as
possible



I/O Port Management
pull-up or pull-down resistors
– may cause up to 1 uA leakage current
Define as Outputs
– optimal for unused Pins
Define Input Pins as “analog inputs”


“ANSEL” register in PICmicro
especially useful if voltage Vss<Vin<Vdd
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin

Many PICmicro Controllers have a 32kHz
clock driver for Timer1



Dual Clock Systems
Connect 32KHz crystal to TMR1
Real Time Clock, also running during “SLEEP”
Use RC Oscillator as System Clock


TMR1 clock provides accurate time basis to
calculate compensation values for Frequency
Variation of RC oscillator
Fast Start-up Time from SLEEP mode
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 191
vin
Dual Clock Systems
TMR1 as a Real Time Clock
+5V
PICmicro®
R
C
T1OSI
Y
OSC1
C
T1OSO
C
See Application Note AN580 for more information
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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
Multiple Clock Systems
Newest PIC Microcontrollers have very
flexible on-chip Clock Generation





Calibrated internal RC oscillator
FLL with Frequency divider
S/W controlled switching between clock
sources
Fail Save Clock Monitor
Dual Speed Start-up
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin
PIC16 Oscillator Sources
OSCCON
To Timer 1
Timer1
Oscillator
(~2 uA)
Internal RC OSC
(31.25kHz, ~2 uA)
FLL
(x256)
16-bit Postscaler
WDT
(~30 uA)
X
TMR0
Clock
Monitor
WDT
Time-out
8-bit
Postscaler
Main Oscillator
(LP, XT, HS)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Post- 1:2
scaler 1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
1:64
System
Clock
Bias
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vin
Oscillator Sources
PIC18F4320
Timer1
Oscillator
Timer 1 Enable
Prescaler
To Timer 1
External
Interrupt
Event
Switch
Internal
Interrupts
Primary
Oscillator
(LP, XT, HS,
HSPLL)
Wakeup from sleep
To Peripherals
Bias
To CPU Clock
IDLE
Mode
Internal RC OSC
(31.25kHz)
FLL
(8MHz out)
Postscaler
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
1:64
FS Clock
Monitor
WDT
(4ms)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Postscaler
1:1 to 1:32768
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
Increments and Decrements
PIC12Fxxx/PIC16Fxxx
16-Bit Increment
incfsz
goto
incf

16-Bit Decrement
decf
incfsz
goto
decf

LO
$+2
HI
LO
LO,W
$+2
HI
8-Bit Decrement to 0xFF
NOT_AT_FF :
decf
incfsz
goto
AT_FF:
REG
REG,W
NOT_AT_FF
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin

Comparisons
8-Bit Range Test
Enter with value to be tested in W.
Exits with Carry set if W is in the range [LOVAL to HIVAL], inclusive.
addlw 255-HIVAL
addlw (HIVAL-LOVAL)+1

Compare and Swap
Compare the values in registers X and Y. If Y < X, swap them.
movf
subwf
bc
addwf
subwf
X,W
Y,W
$+3
X
Y
;GRAB X.
;Y >= X?
;IF SO, JUMP AHEAD.
;OTHERWISE, X = X + (Y-X) = Y,
;
AND Y = Y - (Y-X) = X.
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 197
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Comparisons
Minimum
Enter with three values stored in registers N1, N2, and N3. Exit with min(N1,N2,N3) in
MIN, N1-3 unchanged, W scrambled.
movf
subwf
N1,w
N2,W
movf
skpc
movf
N1,W
movwf
MIN
subwf
skpc
addwf
N3,W
N2,W
MIN
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 198
vin

Miscellaneous
"Switch" Statement
; ENTER WITH VALUE TO BE TESTED IN W.
XORLW VAL1
BZ
CASE1
;IF W = VAL1, GOTO CASE1.
;
XORLW VAL2^VAL1
BZ
CASE2
;
;IF W = VAL2, GOTO CASE2.
XORLW VAL3^VAL2
BZ
CASE3
;
;IF W = VAL3, GOTO CASE3.
XORLW VAL4^VAL3
BZ
CASE4
;
;IF W = VAL4, GOTO CASE4.
etc...
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 199
vin
Recommendations

Use WDT, but serve it not inside a condition-loop or IRQ or
sub-routine, check for min. and max. values (18ms is only
for 5V @25 degreeC)

Refresh the TRIS-register from time to time

Use a debounce-time for reading the I/O´s

If cap. Load on I/O´s is higher than spec., then use
shadows register
for the I/O-Ports to avoid a read-modify-write-problem

Fill unused Program- Area: for example:
FILL (GOTO wdtreset), (400h-$)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin
“Do You Have the Tools
to Do the Job?”
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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vin
MPLAB ®
Integrated Development Environment
Built-in
Editor
Language
Products
MPASM™
Assembler
Low-cost
Debugging
MPLAB SIM
Sofware
Simulator
MPLINK™
MPLIB™
MPLAB C17
MPLAB C18
MPLAB C30
Source
Level
Debugger
Project
Manager
Emulation
and Analyis
MPLAB ICE
2000
MPLAB ICE
4000
MPLAB ICD
MPLAB ICD 2
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Device
Programmers
®
PICSTART
Plus
PRO MATE® II
PRO
MATE 3
MPLAB
PM3
Lowpincount Tips& Tricks using PICkitTM1 Flash Starter Kit
Third Party
Tools
C Compilers
IAR
Hi-Tech
CCS
Real-time Operating
Systems
CMX, Vector,
Realogy
Libraried Routines
Live Devices, CMX,
Momentum Data
Systems
Slide 202
vin

Microchip Universal Macro Assembler



Product called MPASM™ Assembler
Creates object files for use by MPLINK™ Linker or
MPLIB™ Librarian
Microchip Object Linker




Assembly Language
Products
Product called MPLINK™ Linker
Create executable files from object files
May use libraries stored by MPLIB™ Librarian
Microchip Object Librarian


Product called MPLIB™ Librarian
Groups relocatable objects created by MPASM™
Assembler
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 203
vin

MPLAB® C17/C18 - $495 each





C Compilers
Microchip custom ‘C’ compilers
ANSI Compatible
Reliable Code Generators
Free 30 day copies available on the web
Third Party Compilers



Hi-Tech PICC™ C Compiler - $895, $500 Cross license
– Recommended Compiler
– Complete offering for all PICmicro® MCUs
IAR - $895 - $2000
– High-end compiler
CCS - $99 - $395
– Entry level C Compiler
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 204
vin



MPLAB® SIM
Supports all PICmicro® MCUs
Discrete event simulator instruction based
MPLAB® compatible







Unlimited break points
Unlimited trace points
Examine/modify registers
Watch variables
Time stamp
Stimulus injection
Have you
investigated
MPLAB® SIM?
Available electronically FREE
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 205
vin
In-Circuit Debugger - ICD 2
DV164005 ICD 2 Module
DV164006 ICD 2 Evaluation Kit
DV164007 ICD 2 Module w/supply





MPLAB® IDE compatible
Firmware upgrade
Debugger/Programmer
Single step/breakpoint
USB connect and
powered or RS-232
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 206
vin
To Host PC
An MPLAB® ICE System...
Emulator Pod
Processor Module
Device
Adapter
Transition
Socket
To Target Board
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 207
vin
Development Programmer
PICSTART® Plus
RS-232 Serial
Interface

9V DC Input

PICSTART
Plus
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMER
Pin-1
POWER
ACTIVE
Power ON
Programmer

Active

Low-cost Development
Programmer
Upgrades done in MPLAB®
software. Firmware upgrades
occasionally required for new
PICmicro® sub-families
Uses serial programming
algorithms for all ICSP
capable devices
Windows NT® drivers
available
40-Pin ZIF Socket to accommodate
PICmicro® MCUs from 8- to 40-pins. 68-pin
PLCC can be programmed with an adapter
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 208
vin









Programmer - PRO MATE® II
Runs under MPLAB® software
Field upgradable firmware
DOS Command Line interface for production
Operating modes: Host, Safe, and Stand-Alone
Automatic downloading of object file to PRO MATE® II
SQTP serialization adds unique serial number to each
device programmed
Windows NT® driver available
In-Circuit Serial Programming™ Kit
(sold separately)
Interchangeable socket modules
supports all package options
(sold separately)
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 209
vin

Special Features
In-Circuit Serial Programming™
How do I connect to ICSP™?

Only two I/O pins used for
programming
–
–

VPP is program voltage
–

I/O 1 is clock input
I/O 2 is data input/output
MCLR/VPP
VDD
VPP
VDD
VSS
VSS
I/O 1
Clock
I/O 2
Data I/O
PIC16CXX
PIC14CXXX
PIC12CXXX
Driven to +13V
VDD is device operating voltage
–
–
Driven to +5V during programming
Driven to VDD(max) and VDD(min) for verify
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 210
vin
ICSP™ System
VDD/VPP VDD
PIC12/16/18xxx
MCLR/VPP
Programming
Connector
VDD
VSS
Data
Clock
System
Connection
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Isolation
Circuits
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Slide 211
vin
Third Party Tools
Beyond Microchip’s
own tools, there are
over 100 third-party
companies supporting
Microchip products.
DS00104
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 212
vin
© 2003 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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Slide 213