• An approaching source sounds higher in pitch than the source.
• A source that is moving away sounds lower in pitch than the source.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3RfULw7aAY&feature=related

v f '
 v
 v o f v  v s
 the velocity of the wave
Approaching-use top sign --- Moving away-use bottom sign

Three observers, A , B , and C are listening to moving source of sound. The diagram below shows the location of the wavefronts of the moving source with respect to the three observers. Which of the following is true?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The wavefronts move faster at A than at B and C .
The wavefronts move faster at C than at A and B .
The frequency of the sound is highest at A .
The frequency of the sound is highest at B .
The frequency of the sound is highest at C .

A stationary observer hears a pitch from a source that moves
him, the observed frequency will be ____________ the source frequency
1.
Lower than
2.
3.
The same as
Higher than v f '
 v
 v  v o f v s
 the velocity of the wave
Approaching-use top sign --- Moving away-use bottom sign

1.
2.
3.
An observer approaches a stationary frequency source, the observed frequency will be ____________ the source frequency
Lower than
The same as
Higher than v f '
 v
 v  v o f v s
 the velocity of the wave
Approaching-use top sign --- Moving away-use bottom sign

v f '
 v
 v  v o f v s
 the velocity of the wave
Approaching-use top sign --- Moving away-use bottom sign

"Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties." Abraham Lincoln
@sqcomic Forgive me but that sounds not unlike a religious dogma...

Thomas S. Monson, April 2012 General
Conference
The toy boats of childhood had no keel for stability, no rudder to provide direction, and no source of power.
Inevitably, their destination was downstream-the path of least resistance.
Unlike toy boats, we have been provided divine attributes to guide our journey. We enter mortality not to float with the moving currents of life but with the power to think, to reason, and to achieve.

Thomas S. Monson, April 2012 General
Conference
Our Heavenly Father did not launch us on our eternal voyage without providing the means whereby we could receive from Him guidance to ensure our safe return. I speak of prayer. I speak too of the whisperings from that still, small voice; and I do not overlook the holy scriptures, which contain the word of the Lord and the words of the prophets-provided to us to help us successfully cross the finish line.

The Bell Tower plays a G (392 Hz) as I drive past at 20 m/s (about 40 mph). What do I hear?
v f '
 v
 v o f v  v s

343 m / s ( velocity of v v o s

20

0 m m / s
/ s sound in air )
Approaching
Moving away

The Bell Tower plays a G (392 Hz) as I drive past at 20 m/s (about 40 mph). What do I hear?
f '
 v
 v o v  v s f
Approaching
Moving away f f '
 v
 v o
'
 v v
 v o v f
 f

343 m / s
343
 m
20
/ s m / s


392 Hz
343 m / s
343

20 m / s m / s


392 Hz

415 Hz

369 Hz
415 Hz is a G sharp, 369 Hz is a G flat

A stationary observer hears a pitch from a source that moves towards him at a half the speed of sound. Then the source stops and the observer moves at half the speed of sound towards the source. In the second case the frequency the observer hears is . . .
A.
B.
C.
Lower than before
The same
Higher than before

You stand on a platform at a train station and listen to a train approaching the station at a constant velocity. While the train approaches, but before it arrives, what do you hear?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
The intensity and the frequency of the sound both increasing.
The intensity and the frequency of the sound both decreasing.
The intensity increasing and the frequency decreasing.
The intensity decreasing and the frequency increasing.
The intensity increasing and the frequency remaining the same.
The intensity decreasing and the frequency remainging the same.


Atomic spectra of galaxies moving away is shifted to lower frequencies.

Some are shifted more than others—they must be moving away faster.

The farther away, the faster they are moving.

The universe is expanding

f red

4 .
8 x 10
14
Hz f green

5 .
5 x 10
14
Hz for an observer t raveling toward the light v f green

 f red
4 .
1 x 10
7 m c c
/
 v
 v s

10
8 mph

.
14 c

Bats emit ~60kHz bursts of sound and listen for
Doppler shifted reflections off victims.
With “Doppler radar” meteorologists can see how storms move and police can measure your speed
Astronomers use Doppler shifts to determine how stars and galaxies are moving.

The following figure shows the wavefronts generated by an airplane flying past an observer A at a speed greater than that of sound. After the airplane has passed, the observer reports hearing
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1. a sonic boom only when the airplane breaks the sound barrier, then nothing.
2. a succession of sonic booms.
3. a sonic boom, then silence.
4. first nothing, then a sonic boom, then the sound of engines.
5. no sonic boom because the airplane flew faster than sound all along.

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o0zm afxTmE

Concorde pilot Peter Benn, from an interview with
BBC about being able to hear the sonic boom while he was piloting
"You don't actually hear anything on board. All we see is the pressure wave moving down the aeroplane - it gives an indication on the instruments. And that's what we see of Mach 1.
But we don't hear the sonic boom or anything like that. That's rather like the wake of ship - it's behind us.“

The four figures below represent sound waves emitted by a source. Which picture represent a moving source with a velocity less than the speed of sound?

On a particularly windy day the wind is blowing at half the speed of sound. If I am standing still and a cow is flying towards me at the same velocity as the wind, by what factor will I hear his mooing shifted in frequency?
A : f’ = (1/2) f
B : f’ = (2/3) f
C : f’ = (3/2) f
D : f’ = 2 f
E : None of the above.