NUTRITION AND CARE
AT
HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
SESSION 21
1
Infant Feeding
Under 6 months
Exclusive Breastfeeding
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For 6 months
Initiation within 1st hour after birth
Breastfeeding on demand
Development of skills of breastfeeding expression
Protection from commercial pressures of artificial milk
Breast milk substitutes
Dangers of breast milk substitutes
2
Infant feeding continued
• Complementary feeding and sustained
breastfeeding
• Timely introduction of complementary
foods
• Breast feed into the second year
• Adequate complimentary foods (energy and
nutrient dense, quantity)
• Frequent feeding
3
HIV and Infant Feeding
• All mothers supported to B/F unless tested
+ve
• Replacement feeding
• Guidance and support to feed child
4
Complementary feeding
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Adaptation of psychomotor abilities for feeding
Feeding responsively
Adequate feeding situation
Adaptation to family diet
Ensuring adequate intrahousehold food
distribution
• Appropriate response to poor appetite in young
children
5
Infant Feeding continued
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Children aged 6-24 months
Cont. B/F for 2 years
Complementary feeding
6 months require energy dense foods + B/M
30% of energy from oils/fats
Vitamin A supplements
Means & skills in food preparation, specific food
commodities & utensils, fuel and water
• Low birth weight babies iron supplements
6
Disabled people
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Nutritional risks:
Difficulties in chewing and swallowing
Reducing food intake and choking
Inappropriate position/posture when feeding
Reduced mobility affecting food access and access to
sunlight (affecting vitamin D status)
Discrimination affecting food access
Constipation particularly those with cerebral palsy
Separated from immediate family members and care givers
Determine and reduce risks by ensuring physical access to
food
Developing mechanisms for feeding (spoons, straws,
developing systems for home visiting or outreach
Access to energy dense foods
7
Community-based care
• Caregivers and those they care for may have specific
nutritional needs due to
• Less time to prepare food
• Have greater need to maintain hygiene & sanitation
• Fewer assets to exchange for food due to costs of
treatment/funerals, social stigma, reduced community
support mechanisms
• Reduced availability of caregivers due to disaster (family
break ups/death) aged & children become main care givers
• Caregivers should be supported & not undermined
• Hygiene, health & psycosocial support & protection
• Social networks
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Psychosocial care
• Emotional and
• Attention, affection and involvement
• Frequent positive interactions (touching, holding,
talking
• Maintenance of valuable traditional practices
• Physical stimulation
• Responsiveness to deve. Milestones & cues
• Adapting behaviour to low activity levels and slow
development of a child
• Encouragement of autonomy exploration & learning
• Encour of playing, exploration, talking
• Adoption of a teaching or guiding role
• Prevention & protection from child abuse and
violence
9
Pregnant and Lactating Mothers
• Risks associated pregnancy complications, maternal
mortality, low birth weight, impaired breastfeeding
performance
• Planning rations to take additional needs of pregnancy &
lactation
• Supplementary feeding
• Low body weight mothers focus on adolescent nutrition
• Daily supplements or iron and folic acid
• Diversified diet
• Post-partum mothers-vitamin A within 6 weeks after
delivery
10
Nutrition Care of the Elderly
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Very affected by disasters
Nutritional risks
Access to food
Increase nutrient requirements due disease & disability,
psychosocial stress, cold and poverty
Normal networks support disrupted
Nutritional and care needs
Specifically held access food, relief food
Foods be easy to prepare and consume
Additional protein & micronutrient requirements of older
people
Important caregivers to household members, require
specific support in fulfilling this function
11
Nutrition Care for PLWHA
• Face greater risks due;
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Reduced food intake due to
Loss of appetite
Difficulties in eating
Poor absorption of nutrients due to diarrhoea
Parasites or damage to intestinal cells
Changes in metabolism
Incr. Energy requirements according to of infection
Micronutrients imp. To preserve immune function &
promote survival
Well nourished & healthy to delay onset of AIDs
Milled food
Fortified food
Blended foods
12
Nutritional Counselling
• Help people make good nutrition decisions
for a life time
13