Value chain based livestock development in
Tigray: Assessment and potential interventions
Gebremedhin Woldewahid, LIVES-ILRI
Dawit Woldemariam, LIVES-ILRI
Gebreegziabher Hagos, Tigray, BoARD
Mulubirhan Kifle, TARI
www.lives-ethiopia.org
Presentation outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
Introduction
Selection of zones, commodities and districts
Description of agricultural systems
Assessment of livestock development
4.1 Potentials
4.2 Limitations
5. Proposed potential interventions
6. Further discussion
1. Introduction
• Project objective to transform smallholders to a more market
oriented agriculture…
• How?
2. Selection of zones, commodities and districts
Selected zones and associated high value commodities in Tigray, 2012.
Selected
Zone
Poultry
(meat/eggs)
- Central
√
Beekeeping
(Honey
& wax)
-
- Eastern
-
Total
1
Dairy (Milk,
SR (meat/
Irrigated
butter, heifer) live animals) agriculture
Total
√
√
√
4
√
√
√
√
4
1
2
2
2
8
Selection of action districts: Central zone
Districts commodity potential ranking matrix using a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 = no potential, 1
= limited potential, 2 = medium potential and 3 = high potential, 2012.
No District name in
central Zone of
Tigray
1
Ahferom
Poultry
3
2
Adwa
3
Dairy
3
SR meat/
live
animals
3
Irrigated
agriculture
Total
Rank
3
12
1
3
3
1
2
9
5
Wer’eleke
2
2
3
2
9
5
4
Merebleke
2
2
3
3
10
2
5
Tahitay Maitchew
2
2
3
3
10
2
6
Laelay Maitchew
3
3
1
3
10
2
7
Kolla Tembien
3
2
3
1
9
5
8
Naeder-Adet
1
1
3
2
7
8
9
Tanka Abergelle
1
1
3
1
6
9
Selection of action districts: Central zone
Selection of action districts: Eastern zone
Districts commodity potential ranking matrix using a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 = no
potential, 1 = limited potential, 2 = medium potential and 3 = high potential, 2012.
No
1
District name in
eastern Zone of
Tigray
Atsb-Womberta
Honey
and bee
wax
3
2
Kilte-Awlaelo
3
Dairy
2
SR meat/
live
animals
3
Irrigated
agriculture
Total
Rank
3
11
1
3
3
1
3
10
3
Hausien
1
3
3
2
9
4
4
S/T/Emba
2
3
3
3
11
1
5
Ganta Afeshum
3
2
2
2
9
4
6
Gulo-Mekeda
2
1
2
1
6
6
7
Erob
1
1
2
1
5
7
Selection of action districts: Eastern zone
3. Description of agricultural systems
Central zone
3. Description of agricultural systems…
Eastern zone
Land use, human and livestock population in central and eastern zones of Tigray, 2012.
Description
Unit
Human population
male
Female
Total
Central
zone
Amount
Eastern zone
Amount
no
no
no
556,842
575,387
1,132,229
395,370
435,133
830,503
cultivated (rainfed)
ha
193,000.2
94,859.4
cultivated (irrigated)
ha
52,033
24,256.2
grazing area
ha
141,399.5
140,994.2
others
ha
587,657.5
344,934
Total
ha
974,090.2
605,043.8
Cattle
no
859,066
414,408
Small ruminants
no
949,130
1297203
poultry
no
1,312,844
546,472
Honeybee colonies
no
98,910
83,624
Total
no
3,219,950
2,341,707
Land area
Livestock population
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Poultry
Dairy
SR
Commodity type
Irrigated
agriculture
100
90
Potential PAs for CVD (%)
PAs potential for CVD (%)
4. Assessment of livestock development
90
Central zone
4.1 Potentials
80
Eastern zone
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Beekeeping
Dairy
SR
Commodity type
Irrigated
agriculture
4.1 Potentials: Recommendation domains
Recommendation domain areas (Peasant Association) selected zonal commodities in central Tigray.
Degree of commodity potential can be expressed at Peasant Association (PA) level by indicating 0 = no
potential, 1 = limited potential, 2= medium potential and 3= high potential by commodity and PA in
Laelay Maitchew district.
Farming system
type
Midland mixed
crop-livestock
farming system
Lowland mixed
crop-livestock
farming system
PAs/FS
Lesalso
Hatsebo
Medego
Debre Birhan
Dura
Dereka
Mahibere Selam
Edag Arbi
May Weini
Sagilamen
Adi Tsehafi
Ketema Dego
Relative potential of the targeted
commodities
Poultry
Milk SR meat/
Irrigated
live
agriculture
animals
3
3
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
Mihe
Natika Bilae
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
Awlieo
Welel
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
Key target
commodity
Poultry, dairy,
sheep and irrigated
agriculture
Small ruminant
and poultry
Distribution of potential PAs for high value commodity development
Distribution of potential PAs for high value commodity development
4.2 Limitations
Based on the existing situation vertically rank (1, 2, 3 – 1 highest ) need for production,
input/service supply and processing interventions at district/ zonal level
Value chain
Dairy
S. ruminants
Poultry
Honey
Production
2
2
2
2
Input service
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
supply
Marketing
Processing
4.2 Limitations
Proportion (%) of improved stock
40
1.1
35
• Input supply/services
30
• Production
25
• Processing/marketing
20
15
10
5
0
Beekeeping
Poultry
Dairy
Commodity type
SR
4.2 Limitations…: Processing & marketing
100
Central zone
Eastern zone
60
40
20
0
Butter
Milk
Dairy product type
100
Revenue proportion (%)
Proportion sold (%)
80
80
Central zone
60
Eastern zone
40
20
0
Butter
Milk
Dairy product type
4.2 Limitations …: Feed
60
Land proportion (%)
Central zone
Eastern zone
40
20
0
Cultivated
(rainfed)
Cultivated Grazing area
(irrigated)
Land use
Others
4.2 Limitations…: Gender
40
Central zone
20
10
0
Dairy
Poultry
Shoat
Irrigation
Commodity type
40
Proportion of FHHs (%)
Proportion of FHHs (%)
30
Eastern zone
30
20
10
0
Dairy
Beekeeping
Shoat
Commodity type
Irrigation
5. Proposed potential interventions
5.1 Dairy
Category of Production
producers technologies
Input
Processing and
supply/services/credit marketing
Market linkages
Specialized
dairy
producers
Vet, feed and
breed
- Forage development
(schools, clinic and
others), linkages with
other forage suppliers.
- Private vet and AI
services, link with heifer
suppliers.
-Ensure quality fluid
milk supply and
quantity.
- Quality testing and
packaging standards.
-Establishment of
milk shops
-Milk selling in
small quantity
during feasting.
Nonspecialized
dairy
producers
-Technological
orientation: fluid
milk, butter or
heifer.
- Oxen
replacement by
mechanization.
- reliable forage supply
- vet and AI services
- supply of packaging
containers
-Group
milk/butter/heifer
marketing.
-Quality testing and
packaging standards.
- Linking
milk/butter/heifer
producers with
traders, dairy
producers or
consumers.
Traditional
dairy
producers
-Breed, feed, Vet,
and management
-Oxen
replacement by
mechanization.
-Supply of public AI and
vet services
- Community and private
based forage supply
-quality supply of
milk/butter/heifer
-packaging using
standard containers
- Linking
milk/butter/heifer
producers with
traders, dairy
producers or
consumers.
5. Proposed potential interventions…
5.2 Beekeeping
Category of
Production
beekeepers (BB) technologies
Input
Processing and
supply/services/c marketing
redit
Market linkages
Specialized BB
(>50 colonies)
-pest/diseases
identification and
control.
-seasonal bee
forage availability
-protection from
pesticide spray.
-drug supply
-supply of bee
forage seeds.
-supply of KTB
-supply of safe
pesticides for
vegetables and
fruits.
-harvesting of
mature honey and
stored each harvest
separately.
-storage using proper
container.
-group marketing for
local and export
market.
-linking beekeepers
with actual honey
traders.
Mixed beekeepers
(10-50 colonies)
-alternative
beehives-KTB or
local.
-improved colony
handling and
colony split.
-protection from
enemies.
-supply of KTB,
starter hives and
accessories.
-access to
specialized credit
for women group.
-honey presser.
-Improved honey
harvesting and
storage.
-enhance women
and landless honey
collectors.
-direct linkage with
honey traders.
Traditional BB
-improved colony
split and wax
collection- KTB.
-supply of KTB,
accessories and
honey presser.
-enhance women
honey processors
and shoppers, wax
collectors.
-linking honey
processors and wax
collectors with
beneficiaries.
5. Proposed potential interventions…
5.3 Poultry
Category of
poultry
producers (PP)
Production
technologies
Input
Processing and
supply/services/c marketing
redit
Market
linkages
Specialized PP
-health
-feed
-breed
-specialized supply
of drugs
-group supply of
feeds and improved
breeds.
-processing of chicken
meat into parts and sell
in supper markets
-packaging and
transport facilities
Establish
direct linkage
between PP
and
consumers.
Mixed PP
-feed
-breed
-health
-group supply of
feeds and improved
breeds.
-access to drug
supply
-special access to
credit supply for
women
-establish women group
traders
-establish improved
waiting houses for live
chicken.
Establish
linkages
between PP,
traders and
consumers.
Traditional PP
-feed
-health
-breed
-feed supply and
health services
-targeting special
holidays
5. Proposed potential interventions…
5.4 Small ruminants (SR)
Category of SR
producers (SRP)
Production
technologies
Input
supply/services/
credit
Processing and
marketing
Market linkages
Improved SR
fattening
-stall feeding
-health
-breed selection
-supply of ram
group
-private vet and
drug suppliers.
-market at the right
age and weight.
Not a major
problem.
Improved SR
breeding and
fattening
-stall feeding
-health
-breed selection
-male and female
selective
management
-feed supply
-health services
-community based
breed selection
- Pod collection
and supply during
feed shortage
-targeting of male
animals for special
holidays and
unproductive
females for
restaurants and
hotels.
Not a major
problem.
Traditional SR
breeding and
fattening
-stall feed
-health
-breed
-feed supply
-health services
-community based
breed selection
- Pod collection
and supply during
feed shortage
-targeting of male
animals for special
holidays and
unproductive
females for
restaurants and
hotels.
Not a major
problem.
5. Proposed potential interventions…
5.5 Forage development
Watershed resources
gradient
Dairy
High value commodities
Beekeeping
Poultry
SR
Hilly sides
+++
++
+++
Backyard
+
+++
+++
++
Bottomlands/gullies
++
+++
++
+++
Irrigated sites
+++
+++
++
+++
5. Proposed potential interventions…
5.5 Forage development
Forage development
sites
Production
technologies
Input
supply
Processing
Market
and marketing linkages
Hilly sides
Backyards
Bottomlands and
gullies
Irrigated sites
60
Land proportion (%)
Central zone
Eastern zone
40
20
0
Cultivated Cultivated Grazing
(rainfed) (irrigated)
area
Land use
Others
6. Further discussion
Your innovative ideas on the potential intervention of livestock commodities to
bring real changes in the income of producers and other value chain actors are
welcome.
 Dairy value chain based developments: proposed potential interventions
Category of
producers
Production
technologies
Input
Processing/
supply/servic marketing
es/credit
Linkages
Thank you
www.lives-ethiopia.org