DELTA: Geochem mode.
Analysis results of mining activities
Sonia GÜiza González
sonia.guiza@olympusndt.com
Geochemistry – International Mining Group (IMG)
Olympus Innov-X
Content
1. Mineral processing samples for
Exploitation mining.
2. Soil samples for Exploration mining.
3. Standard Rocks for Petrographic
identification.
Conclusions
1. Mineral processing samples
CASE DESCRIPTION: Samples
sulfurs concentrates of Cormin
Laboratory in Peru. Results for: As,
Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag.
RESULTS: Laboratory –without
information analytical methodology
(perhaps AA) and Niton results.
ABREVIATORS:
Lab = laboratory results
D = Delta; geoch = mode geochem;
min = mode miner
N = Niton
Summary fit parameter (R2)
Element
Delta
D_Geoch D_Min
Zinc-Zn
0.985
0.986
Lead-Pb
0.951
0.943
Copper-Cu
0.987
0.982
Arsenic-As
0.239
0.44
Niton
0.975
0.899
0.963
0.21
Comparison results
Zinc
Lead
Cont.
Cupper
Arsenic
Silver Analysis
Type
No.
values
Range
Laboratory
21
70 to 8790 ppm
Delta_geoch
14
78 to 11604
Delta_min
3
1210 to 5969
Niton
20
14 to 4883 then 18329
fit parameter
(R2)
0.9967
0.7337
2. Auger soil sampling
The presence of a veneer of post-mineralization over-burden and a well developed
organic soil horizon posed a problem for surface soil sampling. Hence, auger drill-ing (up
to 4 to 5 meters depth) was proposed as an effective method to collect a representative
sample from the B-soil horizon sampling target.
Description results
Count samples: 45
 PULP SAMPLE: Sample with preparation requirements
(drying, crushing, splitting, pulverizing to 75 micron – 200
mesh).
Chemistry Analysis: ALS-Chemix; ICP-AES; aqua regia
digestion.
ABREVIATORS: Lab = laboratory results, D = Delta; gch =
mode; s = soil, N = Niton; HH_PA = Handheld Portable
Analyzer; N = number values or results >LOD.
Comparison type elements
Exclusive elements results by laboratory analysis that was ICPAES were Ba, Be, Ce, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, La, Li, Na, Re, Sc, Tl
Type
D_gch
D_soil
N
NO Lab result,
exclusive HH_PA
Cl, Si
Cl
Cs, Pd
HH_PA and Lab
too.
Al, Mg, P, Ta,
Nb, Y
Result =
<LOD
Ba, Sc, Te
Au, Ag, Cd, Sb, Se, Sn, U, W
Co, Mg
Co
Hg, Pb, S,
Te, Th
HH_PA = Handheld Portable Analyzer; D=Delta and N=Niton.
Summary fit parameter (R2)
Element
As
Ba
Ca
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
Hg
K
Mn
Mo
Nb
D_Gch
0.944
ND
0.950
<LOD
0.972
0.972
0.998
0.059
0.899
0.959
0.588
0.831
D_soil
0.958
ND
0.928
ND
0.990
0.990
0.990
0.028
0.950
0.976
0.980
ND
N
0.369
0.019
0.962
0.881
0.031
0.970
0.970
<LOD
0.993
0.941
0.819
ND
Element D_Gch D_soil
N
Ni
0.934 0.948 0.790
Pb
0.899 0.356 <LOD
Rb
0.995 0.997 0.971
S
0.689 0.361
ND
Sr
0.996 0.978 0.976
Th
0.081 0.120 <LOD
Ti
0.996 0.994 0.997
V
0.585 0.927 0.983
Y
0.917 0.926 <LOD
Zn
0.986 0.996 0.010
Zr
0.539 0.613 0.650
ND = No determinated
Bold is laboratory result with
unit of concentration.
Statistical Analysis
Sample N
Al_Dgch 45
Al_pct 45
As_Dgch 43
As_Ds 25
As_N 44
As_ppm 45
Ba_N 27
Ba_ppm 45
Ca_Dgch 13
Ca_Ds 44
Ca_N 44
Ca_pct 45
Co_N
9
Co_ppm 45
Cr_Dgch 24
Cr_Ds 45
Cr_N 35
Cr_ppm 45
Cu_Dgch 26
Cu_Ds 41
Cu_N 31
Cu_ppm 45
Fe_Dgch 43
Fe_Ds 45
Fe_N 44
Fe_pct 45
Hg_Dgch 9
Hg_Ds 4
Hg_ppm 45
min max
6
8
4
2
5
1
63
60
0.07
0.03
0.14
0.01
67
1.1
41
32
9
3
34
8
13
1
2
1
0.00
2
5
5
0.01
11
13
79
70
75
86.1
551
1140
0.97
1.51
1.21
1.04
449
83
1116
2168
578
1530
305
277
268
302
14
19
17
13
12
8
1.12
aver median ds
8
8
1
11
11
1
13
10
13
11
6
14
32
32
19
11.86 9.6
14
219
211
121
550
520
255
0.40 0.38
0.26
0.35 0.16
0.36
0.37 0.27
0.25
0.23 0.12
0.26
189
116 122.09
24
13
23
303
240
247
391
105
467
152
127
153
238
59
322
166
173
77
108
122
84
134
139
78
112
85
100
7
5
4
8
4
6
7
4
6
6
4
4
6
6
2
6
5
1
0.06 0.02
0.17
Sample
K_Dgch
K_Ds
K_N
K_pct
Mn_Dgch
Mn_Ds
Mn_N
Mn_ppm
Mo_Dgch
Mo_Ds
Mo_N
Mo_ppm
Nb_Dgch
Nb_ppm
Ni_Dgch
Ni_Ds
Ni_N
Ni_ppm
P_Dgch
P_ppm
Pb_Dgch
Pb_Ds
Pb_ppm
Rb_Dgch
Rb_Ds
Rb_N
Rb_ppm
S_Dgch
S_Ds
S_pct
N
24
27
43
45
43
44
44
45
41
5
15
45
45
45
28
25
19
45
45
45
29
45
45
42
45
26
45
6
38
45
min
0.96
0.11
0.06
0.03
39
19
54
12
3
4
3
0.08
73
2
14
22
36
1.4
3591
30
4
6
1
3
5
7
0.3
0.01
0.05
0.005
max
2.42
2.74
2.46
2.36
3126
4639
4928
3180
17
16
17
16.1
453
26
360
363
375
384
5068
1300
37
44
29
94
85
69
77
0.05
0.36
0.04
aver median ds
1.81 1.79 0.36
1.82 1.88 0.59
1.17 1.49 0.91
1.08
1.4
1
875
801
640
1069 902
934
1163 849 1065
833
790
677
6
6
2
7
5
5
5
4
3
1.23 0.59
2
188
134
123
8
5
7
120
116
91
134
133
92
181
187
72
87.14 35.8 100
4170 4157 294
304
240
263
10
7
6
17
15
9
7
5
5
39
43
30
36
39
26
48
49
15
31.55 36.5
26
0.02 0.01 0.01
0.16 0.14 0.09
0.01 0.01 0.01
Sample
Sr_Dgch
Sr_Ds
Sr_N
Sr_ppm
Ta_Dgch
Ta_ppm
Th_Dgch
Th_Ds
Th_ppm
Ti_Dgch
Ti_Ds
Ti_N
Ti_pct
V_Dgch
V_Ds
V_N
V_ppm
Y_Dgch
Y_Ds
Y_ppm
Zn_Dgch
Zn_Ds
Zn_N
Zn_ppm
Zr_Dgch
Zr_Ds
Zr_N
Zr_ppm
N
45
45
44
45
45
45
26
4
45
43
45
44
45
44
45
44
45
44
45
45
45
45
33
45
45
45
44
45
min max aver median
2
2
3
2
11
0.06
10
41
0.3
0.11
0.11
0.09
0.10
116
23
38
34
4
3
2
11
8
13
7
53
67
63
2
455
462
442
442
28
1.67
25
45
7.1
1.72
3.82
2.69
2.04
542
457
499
501
68
62
65
608
488
539
536
259
329
261
178
97
95
96
98
20
0.53
15
43
1.53
0.57
1.04
0.78
0.64
297
165
179
194
20
17
14
142
109
114
125
119
156
135
51
62
55
60
64
21
0.34
14
44
1
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.19
271
99
96
104
15
15
11
115
89
89
94
103
132
112
12
Bold is lab result; D=Delta;
gch=geochem; s=soil.
ds
101
101
100
98
4
0.46
3
2
1
0.54
1.18
0.85
0.65
118
119
144
154
15
13
13
115
95
109
108
51
69
57
58
Excellent correlation HH_AP&Lab
Iron
Manganese
The best is Delta
Lead (N was <LOD)
Zinc (N got 33 results, D got 45)
Geochem is not the best
Calcium, D_gch got 13 results only
Cupper, D_gch got 26 results only
N is the best
Potassium
Vanadium
Logarithmic Scale
Niobium
Arsenic
Other examples
Nickel depend to LOD, better Delta
Ytrium result the best of Delta (Niton haven’t this element)
4. Standard rocks of USSG
Standard
Type
AGV-2
Andesite
CLB-1
Coal
COQ-1
Carbonatite
DNC-1
Diabase
DTS-2b
Dunite
DGPM-1
Disseminate gold
NOD-A-1 Manganese nodule
SGR-1b
Shale
W2a
Diabase
Comparison major elements as oxides
Type
Disseminate Manganese
Shale Diabase
gold
nodule
DNC-1 DTS-2b DGPM-1
NOD-A-1 SGR-1b W2a
Andesite Coal Carbonatite Diabase Dunite
Standard AGV-2 CLB-1
COQ-1
Al2O3
16.91
1.51
0.37
18.34
0.45
9.56
3.87
6.52
15.45
Al2O3_D
17.35
1.83
0.35
24.68
0.76
15.20
3.44
8.46
21.46
CaO
CaO_D
5.20
5.33
0.22
0.39
48.30
44.29
11.49
12.95
0.12
<LOD
0.22
<LOD
15.40
12.88
8.38
10.22
10.86
12.26
K2O
2.88
0.08
0.16
0.23
2.74
0.60
1.66
0.63
K2O_D
2.64
0.13
0.033
<LOD
<LOD
2.87
0.32
1.64
<LOD
MgO
MgO_D
1.79
<LOD
0.05
<LOD
1.25
<LOD
10.13
4.90
49.40
43.17
0.56
<LOD
4.76
1.92
4.44
2.38
6.37
1.35
P2O5
0.48
0.07
2.60
0.07
1.40
0.33
0.14
P2O5_D
1.06
0.31
1.39
<LOD
<LOD
0.07
1.38
0.40
0.15
SiO 2
59.30
2.51
3.47
47.15
39.40
79.82
3.81
28.20
52.68
SiO2_D
54.24
2.73
3.06
47.17
38.69
75.47
3.65
28.29
53.00
TiO 2
1.05
0.08
0.15
0.48
0.53
0.25
1.06
TiO2_D
1.07
0.06
0.19
0.50
0.69
0.53
0.23
1.14
<LOD
0.43
0.28
0.15
0.15
0.13
0.008
23.90
22.02
0.04
0.17
0.17
2.94
9.97
7.76
1.92
15.60
3.03
10.83
1.94
12.19
9.15
2.53
17.43
3.51
12.89
MnO
MnO_D
0.11
Fe2O3T
Fe2O3_D
7.93
1.86
<LOD
Correlation coefficient diagram
Comparison for element
D=Delta geochem mode
Comparison every samples
Standard
Standard
Delta_geochem
Delta_geochem
Trace elements
Lab = Standard result; D=Delta
Ds=mode soil and Dgch=geochem
Conclusions
1. Geochem mode for exploitation mining is
recommendable if there are elements of low
concentration and custom need some light elements.
2. Soil mode for exploration mining is more
recommendable that geochem mode because,
samples as soil or sediment has a low concentration
of elements.
3. Geochem mode is recommendable for lithological
studies, which are important comparison of rocks
and geochemistry orientation survey.
Other conclusions
Geochem mode should replace Mining Plus Mode, but NOT
mining. This mode has one beam so the time of analysis is quickly
as possible. Mining mode is an excellent option for fast diagnostic,
for example As and Pb on gold samples.
Geochem LOD has some differences than Soil mode. It is
necessary to know what elements and what is the difference of
LOD. Geochem mode have NOT replaced the soil mode yet.
Geochem Mode is necessary to review some elements add if it is
more useful in mining activities as tellurium by gold exploration or
remove some elements. Other case is Neobium has a good result
on logarithmic scale.