BGM_19.12.2014_Mergers_Companies_Act_13 - Indore

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Ronak Doshi

Bansi S.Mehta & Co

Purpose/ Intention

◦ Sale of Entire Company – Sale of shares/

Amalgamation

Sale of company/Division

Sale/Demerger/Slump Exchange

– Slump

Tax implication different for buyer and seller

Indirect tax/ Stamp duty implications required to be analyzed before finalizing the mode of restructuring

December 20, 2014 2

Time period for carrying out arrangement

(Private Sale/Court Scheme)

Clear transfer of title in case of court approved scheme. Ease of transfer of existing contracts, etc.

Now in Court scheme- Tax Department NOC required – General Circular 1/2014

December 20, 2014 3

Amalgamation/Merger

• Amalgamation of a company by way of a court approved scheme

• Tax neutral on fulfilment on conditions in section 2(1B)

• Court Approved Process, hence time consuming

Demerger

• Hive off of an undertaking by way of court approved scheme

• Tax neutral on fulfilment on conditions in section

2(19AA)

• Court Approved Process, hence time consuming

December 20, 2014 4

Slump Sale

•Transfer of undertaking as a whole for lump sum consideration

Itemised Sale

•Sale of individual assets for specific consideration

Outright Sale

•Transfer of shares to the buyer

December 20, 2014 5

All the property of the amalgamating company(ies) becomes the property of the amalgamated company;

All the liabilities of the amalgamating company(ies) become the liabilities of the amalgamated company and

Shareholders holding not less than 75% of the value of the shares of the amalgamating company become shareholders of the amalgamated company.

December 20, 2014 6

All the properties/ liabilities of the undertaking immediately before the demerger becomes the properties/ liabilities of the resulting company;

The property & the liabilities of the undertaking/s are transferred at values appearing in its books of account immediately before the demerger;

The resulting company issues, in consideration of the demerger, its shares to the shareholders of the demerged company on a proportionate basis;

December 20, 2014 7

The shareholders holding not less than 75% of the value of the shares in the demerged company become shareholders of the resulting company(ies) by virtue of demerger;

The transfer of the undertaking is on a “going concern basis” and

The demerger is in accordance with the conditions, if any, notified u/s. 72A(5) by the

Central Government.

December 20, 2014 8

Slump Sale means transfer of one or more undertakings as a result of sale for a lump sum consideration without assigning values to individual assets and liabilities;

The term “undertaking” includes any part of the undertaking, or a unit or a division of an undertaking, constituting a business activity;

“Net Worth” of the undertaking shall be deemed to be the cost of acquisition – no indexation benefit;

December 20, 2014 9

Net Worth = Aggregate Value of Total Assets -

Aggregate Value of Total Liabilities

Computation of Aggregate Value of Total Assets

◦ Depreciable Assets - WDV as per Section 43(6)(c)(i)(C)

◦ Assets wherein whole expenditure is allowed/ allowable as a deduction u/s. 35AD – NIL

◦ Other Assets – Book Value

Report of an accountant in Form No. 3CEA certifying the Net Worth of the undertaking, to be furnished along with the Return of Income.

December 20, 2014 10

Reduction in WDV of Block as per Section

43(6)(c)(i)(C)

Particulars Amo unt

Actual Cost of Asset XXX

(-) Depreciation actually allowed upto AY 87-88 (X)

(-) Depreciation that would have been allowable since

AY 88-89 if asset was only asset in block of assets

(X)

WDV to be Decreased by XX

◦ WDV Decreased cannot Exceed written down value

December 20, 2014 11

Sale of individual assets for specific consideration

Capital gains in the hands of the seller

Indexation Benefit Available

Less time consuming as no court approval required

December 20, 2014 12

Sale of shares by the shareholders to the buyer

Capital Gains in the hands of shareholder

Indexation Benefit Available

Less time consuming as no court approval required

December 20, 2014 13

Receipt of new shares in the amalgamated company in lieu of shares held in the amalgamating company

Extinguishment of rights in equity shares of the amalgamating company

Section 47(vii) – Extinguishment of rights in equity shares not regarded as “Transfer”, subject to the conditions as prescribed.

Hence, such extinguishment of rights not taxable in the hands of shareholders.

December 20, 2014 14

Section 2(42A) – Period of Holding

◦ Shall include the period for which the shares were held by the shareholders in the amalgamating company

Section 49(2) – Cost of Acquisition

◦ Shall be deemed to be the cost of acquisition of the shares in the amalgamating company subject to indexation determined as per the period of holding

December 20, 2014 15

Section 47(vi) – Transfer of a capital asset in a scheme of amalgamation to an Indian company – not regarded as “Transfer” - not taxable in the hands of amalgamating company.

Section 47(via) – Transfer of a capital asset being shares held in an Indian company, by Amalgamating

Foreign Company to Amalgamated Foreign Company

- not regarded as transfer, if following conditions fulfilled:

◦ 25 % or more of the shareholders of amalgamating foreign company continue to remain shareholders of amalgamated foreign company

◦ Such transfer does not attract capital gain tax in country in which amalgamating company is incorporated

December 20, 2014 16

Section 49(1)(iii)(e) – Cost of Acquisition shall be deemed to be the “cost” for which the previous owner of the property acquired it plus the cost of improvements

Explanation 7 to Section 43(1) - Actual Cost of transferred capital asset to be the same as it would have been if the amalgamating company had continued to hold the capital asset.

Explanation 2(b) to Section 43(6) - Block of Assets –

Actual Cost of block shall be WDV as in the case of the amalgamating company for immediately preceding PY as reduced by the amount of depreciation actually allowed in the said preceding PY.

December 20, 2014 17

Receipt of new shares in the Resulting company in lieu of shares held in the Demerged company

Section 47(vid) – Transfer/issue of shares by resulting company in demerger to shareholders of demerged company, if transfer is in consideration of undertaking

Hence, no income in the hands of shareholders.

December 20, 2014 18

Section 2(42A) – Period of Holding

◦ Shall include the period for which the shares were held by the shareholders in the demerged company

Section 49(2C) – Cost of Acquisition

◦ Shall be deemed to be amount which bears to the cost of acquisition of the shares in the demerged the same proportion as the net book value of assets transferred in demerger bears to net worth of demerged company immediately before demerger

December 20, 2014 19

Section 47(vib) – Transfer of a capital asset in a scheme of demerger to an Indian company – not regarded as “Transfer” - not taxable in the hands of demerged company.

Explanation 2A to Section 43(6) - Block of Assets

–WDV to be reduced by WDV of assets transferred to resulting company pursuant to demerger

December 20, 2014 20

Section 49(1)(iii)(e) – Cost of Acquisition shall be deemed to be the “cost” for which the previous owner of the property acquired it plus the cost of improvements

Explanation 7A to Section 43(1) - Actual Cost of transferred capital asset to be the same as it would have been if the demerged company had continued to hold the capital asset.

Explanation 2B to Section 43(6) - Block of Assets –

WDV of the transferred assets immediately before the demerger

December 20, 2014 21

Fifth proviso to Section 32(1)

◦ The aggregate deduction of depreciation shall not exceed the depreciation as per prescribed rates

◦ Also applicable in case of slump sale, as business transferred as a whole

◦ Depreciation in the year of transfer to be computed as if transfer had not taken place

◦ Depreciation to be apportioned between transferor and transferee on the basis of number of days for which assets were used by them

In case of non qualifying merger/demerger – depreciation on actual cost i.e on actual purchase price based on Purchase Price Allocation

December 20, 2014 22

Applicability:

◦ A company owning an industrial undertaking or a ship or a hotel

◦ Banking Company

◦ Public Sector Companies having a business of operation of aircrafts

Accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation of

Amalgamating Company deemed to be loss / unabsorbed depreciation of Amalgamated

Company for PY in which amalgamation effected.

December 20, 2014 23

Conditions to be fulfilled

Amalgamating Company

Engaged in the business for 3 or more years;

Amalgamated Company

Continues the same business for a minimum period of five years from the date of amalgamation;

Has continuously held till the date of amalgamation and also held by it 2 years prior to the date, atleast

75% of the book value of the fixed assets.

Holds continuously for a period of five years from the date of amalgamation at least threefourths of the book value of fixed assets acquired;

Other conditions – Rule 9C.

December 20, 2014 24

The set off of loss or allowance of depreciation made in any PY in hands of

Amalgamated Company deemed to be income of Amalgamated Company

Such deemed income shall be chargeable in year in which conditions not complied with

December 20, 2014 25

Accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation of

Demerged Company shall

◦ Where directly relatable to undertakings transferred – be allowed to be carried forward and set off in the hands of resulting company

◦ Where not directly relatable to undertakings transferred – be apportioned between demerged company and resulting company in the proportion in which assets have been retained by demerged company and transferred to resulting company

December 20, 2014 26

In both cases, shares needs to be issued to existing shareholders

The shares by transferee company needs not be only ‘equity’ can be ‘preference too’

December 20, 2014 28

Appointed Date

◦ Date on which the assets and liabilities vest in and stand transferred to the transferee company;

◦ Books of Accounts on the this date form the basis for valuation of shares and determination of share exchange ratio and

◦ Is relevant for the purpose of assessment of income of the transferor and transferee company.

Effective Date

◦ Date on which certified copy of the High Court

Order is filed with the Registrar and

◦ Transferor company stands dissolved

December 20, 2014 29

Upon Scheme becoming effective, Transferee

Company is vested with all income, assets, etc. of the Transferor from the Appointed Date [Marshall

Sons & Co. India Ltd. v/s ITO (223 ITR 809) – SC]

Therefore, Transferee Company to file return of income in respect of income of Transferor

Company for period starting from the Appointed

Date

The assessment of such return will be in the hands of the Transferee Company

December 20, 2014 30

Dalmia Cement Limited v. CIT(237 ITR 617)

As transferor assessee could not retain profits in its own hands after sale agreement, profit post date of agreement cannot be assessed in hands of assessee, and ought to be assessed in hands of transferee

Marshall Sons & Co. India Ltd. v/s ITO (223 ITR

809) – SC]

December 20, 2014 31

If the accounts for the FY end are approved and adopted in AGM before the Effective Date – cannot be reopened or revised following the Circular No. 12/77

[1/1/77-CL-V and 2/331/75-CL-II], dated 21/11/77

◦ Effect of the scheme to be given in the next FY end Accounts, disclosing results from the Appointed Date till the next FY end

If the accounts for the FY end are not approved – effect of the scheme to be given from the Appointed

Date till the FY end following the ratio laid down by

SC in Marshall Sons & Co. (India) Ltd. V. ITO (223 ITR

809)

December 20, 2014 32

Whether carry forward and set off of unabsorbed book depreciation/ book losses will be available for adjustment against book profits of the amalgamated company?

◦ VST Tillers & Tractors Ltd v. CIT (2009 TIOL 26) (Bang.

ITAT)

Whether the MAT credit of the amalgamating company will be available to the amalgamated company?

SKOL breweries Ltd. V. ACIT (2008 TIOL 741) (Mum. ITAT)

December 20, 2014 33

“Receipt” of unlisted shares

Section 56(2)(viia) provisions not triggered

Amalgamation/Demerger at fair value – valuation report obtained

PNB Finance Ltd v. CIT (337 ITR 75) – Business sold as a whole, cannot be split into parts

December 20, 2014 34

“Section 32(1)(ii) defines intangible assets as “know how, patents, copyrights, trademarks, licenses, franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature”.

Goodwill on amalgamation – falls within “any other business or commercial rights of similar nature”.

Smifs Securities (348 ITR 302)(SC)

December 20, 2014 35

CIT v. K.H. Chambers (55 ITR 674) - ‘succession’ under section 170 involves change of ownership, that is, the transferor goes out and the transferee comes in; it connotes that the whole business is transferred

Post amalgamation, amalgamating company is not in existence

Business of amalgamating company succeeded by

Amalgamated Company

Assessment to be made in the hands of amalgamated company

December 20, 2014 36

In case of demerger/ slump sale, only an undertaking is transferred

Not complete succession, but ‘partial’ succession

Assessment to be continued in the hands of

Demerged Company

December 20, 2014 37

CIT v. Artex Manufacturing Co.(227 ITR 260) (SC)

Identification of price attributable to individual items (plant, machinery and dead stock) which are sold as part of slump sale, may not entitle a transaction to be qualified as slump sale . Contra

CIT V. Electric Control Gear (227 ITR 278)

Separate value is assigned to land/building under the relevant stamp duty legislation, the slump sale will not be adversely affected - Explanation 2 to S.

2(42C)

December 20, 2014 38

Mahindra Sintered Products Ltd. v. DCIT, [95 ITD

380 (Mum.)

No liability was transferred to the buyer - transfer of undertaking would not be regarded as a slump sale

Weikfield Products Co. (I) (P.) Ltd. v. DCIT, [71 TTJ

518 (Pune)

Sale of chemical unit was not regarded as slump sale, because there was transfer of assets without transfer of liabilities

December 20, 2014 39

Rohan Software Pvt. Ltd. v. ITO (117 TTJ 490) (Mum)

◦ All business assets were transferred except for certain assets such as building, motor cars an assets and liabilities relating to income-tax matters.

ACIT v. J.L. Builders (P) Ltd. (ITA No. 714) (Mds)

◦ All the assets were transferred except for certain deposits and liabilities

December 20, 2014 40

DCIT v. Summit Securities ltd. (Mum-Trib) (SB) –

Negative figure of Net Worth not to be ignored for computing CG in case of a slump sale.

Zuari Industries Ltd. v. ACIT (105 ITD 569) (Mum) –

Reversed after the ruling laid down by SB as aforesaid.

December 20, 2014 41

Where assets are transferred for a consideration of another asset other than money – Considered as exchange and not sale

◦ CIT v. R.R. Ramkrishna Pillai (66 ITR 725) (SC)

◦ CIT v. Motors & General Stores (P.) Ltd. (66 ITR 692) (SC)

December 20, 2014 42

CIT v. Bharat Bijlee Limited (Bom) (364 ITR 581)-

Transfer of a business undertaking as a going concern against issuance of bonds/ preference shares was not a sale, but an exchange

SREI Infrastructure Finance Ltd. v. Income-tax Settlement

Commission (207 Taxman 74) - transfer of business in exchange of another asset is sale – element of monetary consideration involved

December 20, 2014 43

Avaya Global Connect Ltd. V. ACIT (26 SOT 397)

Sadanand S. Varde and Others v. State of Maharashtra and

Others (247 ITR 609) (Bom.)

Oudh Sugar Mills Ltd. v. ITO (35 ITD 76) (Mum.)

December 20, 2014 44

LLP Agreement to be prepared

Application to be made in Form 18 to ROC for registration of LLP

Section 56 of LLP Act and Third Schedule to LLP Act to be complied with

No security interest in assets at the time of application

Partners of LLP should be shareholders of company and no one else

As per Third Schedule, upon registration, all property, rights, interest, liabilities etc and whole of the undertaking of the company vested in the LLP

December 20, 2014 45

Not transfer if conditions of 47(xiiib) satisfied

Turnover from PGBP < 60 lakhs for last 3 years

All assets and liabilities of firm to become assets and liabilities of company

Shareholders to be partners in LLP

No other amount paid to partner

Absence of consideration, no capital gains

Statutory Vesting of Properties -Texspin Engg. & Mfg. Works

[129 Taxmann 1] and ACIT Vs. Unity Care & Health Service

Aravali Polymers LLP (65 SOT 11) (Kolkata)

Contention Arguable – prone to litigation

December 20, 2014 46

Section 233 of Companies Act 2013

Merger of 2 or more small companies

◦ Small company is a private company that meets either of the following requirements:

 Paid-up capital does not exceed Rs 50 lakhs(or higher amount, as may be prescribed, and should not be more than Rs 5 crore).

 Its turnover (according to its last profit and loss account) does not exceed Rs 2 crore(or a higher amount, as may be prescribed, which will not be more than 20 crore).

December 20, 2014 48

Merger between holding company and its wholly owned subsidiary

Such other classes of companies as may be prescribed

Merger u/s 233 to be approved by CG and there will be no requirement to approach NCLT.

December 20, 2014 49

Schemes approved by the BoD to be sent to ROC and the Official Liquidator (OL) for their suggestions or objections within 30 days

Scheme to be considered in the meetings of shareholders or creditors, with their suggestions or objections, and to be approved by the following classes of persons:

◦ Shareholders holding 90% of the total number of shares at a general meeting

◦ Majority creditors (representing nine-tenth in value) in a meeting convened with 21 days notice

December 20, 2014 50

After approval, scheme will have to be filed with the OL, RoC and the Central Government.

No objection, would be deemed as approved

In case of objections, the scheme may be referred by the Central Government to the

NCLT for it to consider the scheme under the normal process of a merger

December 20, 2014 51

NCLT can either mandate that the scheme is to be considered a normal merger or it may confirm the scheme

Transferor and transferee companies will need to file a declaration of solvency with the

RoC.

December 20, 2014 52

Under the 1956 Act, the criterion of “present and voting” is essential for the conduct of shareholders’ and creditors’ meetings.

However, the similar concept of “present and voting” has not been included in the 2013

Act, and there is no clarity is required from the Ministry

December 20, 2014 53

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