Lesson
1
The Endocrine System
Why is the endocrine system important during the teen years?
The endocrine system is especially important during the teen
years because one of its main functions is to regulate growth
and development.
Lesson
1
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you will learn to:
• Describe the glands of the endocrine system and the
function of each
• Examine the effects of health behaviors on the
endocrine system
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
The Endocrine System
• The endocrine system consists of
a network of endocrine glands
located throughout the body.
• Hormones are secreted by the
endocrine glands and then
carried to their destinations in
the body by the blood.
• Hormones produced during
puberty trigger physical changes
in the body.
Lesson
1
Hormones
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands
• Hypothalamus
• Pineal Gland
• Testes and Ovaries
• Thymus Gland
• Pancreas
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland. It has three
sections, or lobes—anterior, intermediate, and posterior.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Intermediate
Posterior
The anterior, or front, lobe of the pituitary gland
produces six hormones.
These hormones include somatotropic, or growth,
hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and
adrenocorticotropic hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH) control the growth, development,
and functions of the gonads.
Lesson
Structure of the Endocrine System
1
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal cortex secretes a hormone
that inhibits the amount of sodium
excreted in urine and serves to
maintain blood volume and pressure.
It also secretes hormones that aid the
metabolism of fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates.
Lesson
1
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Serious Problems
Diabetes Mellitus
Graves’ Disease
Cushing’s Disease
Goiter
Growth Disorders
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Diabetes Mellitus
• Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the pancreas
produces too little or no insulin, resulting in high blood
glucose levels.
• Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, thirst, and frequent
urination.
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Graves’ Disease
• Graves’ disease, also called hyperthyroidism, is a disorder
in which an overactive and enlarged thyroid gland produces
excessive amounts of thyroxine.
• Symptoms include nervousness, weight loss, increased
thirst, rapid heartbeat, and intolerance for heat.
• Low thyroxine production, called hypothyroidism, causes
fatigue, dry skin, weight gain, constipation, and sensitivity
to cold.
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Cushing’s Disease
• Cushing’s disease results from the overproduction of
adrenal hormones.
• Symptoms include round face, humped upper back, thin
and easily bruised skin, and fragile bones.
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Goiter
• Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is caused
mainly by a lack of iodine in the diet.
• Since the introduction of iodized salt, goiters have become
rare in the United States.
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Growth Disorders
• Growth disorders are caused by abnormal amounts of
growth hormone.
• With early diagnosis and proper treatment, a child with a
growth disorder can reach a normal height.
Lesson
1
Problems of the Endocrine System
Care of the Endocrine System
Eat nutritious meals,
get enough sleep, and
avoid stress.
Get medical tests done
by health care
professionals to
determine whether
your endocrine
function is normal.
Lesson
1
Lesson
1
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. The ovaries and testes are also
known by the name
_________.
1. gonads
2. pituitary gland
3. goiter
4. adrenal cortex
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
A. 1. gonads
The ovaries and testes are also known by the name
gonads.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
1
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. An endocrine gland is a
ductless, or tubeless, organ or
group of cells that secretes
hormones directly into the
bloodstream.
True
False
Lesson
A.
1
Quick Review - Answer
True. An endocrine gland is a ductless, or tubeless,
organ or group of cells that secretes hormones directly
into the bloodstream.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
Quick Review
1
Q. Which of the following are the two parts of the
adrenal glands?
1.
norepinephrine cortex and the redilin medulla.
2.
epinephrine membrane and the adrenaline membrane.
3.
adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
4.
anociferin cortex and the graves membrane.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
A. 3. adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
The two parts of the adrenal glands are adrenal cortex
and the adrenal medulla.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
1
Quick Review
Choose the appropriate option.
Q. Many endocrine glands become
more active during puberty,
causing significant changes in
adolescents, both male and
female.
True
False
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
A. True. Many endocrine glands become more active during
puberty, causing significant changes in adolescents, both
male and female.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
1
End of Lesson 1
Click Home to view the Main menu.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The ovaries and testes are also known by the
name gonads.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Intermediate
Posterior
The intermediate, or middle, lobe of the pituitary
secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH),
which controls the darkening of the skin by
stimulating skin pigments.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Intermediate
Posterior
The posterior, or rear, lobe of the pituitary gland
secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which
regulates the balance of water in the body.
ADH also produces oxytocin, which stimulates
uterine contractions during the birth of a baby.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Lobes of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Intermediate
Posterior
The anterior, or front, lobe of the pituitary gland
produces six hormones.
These hormones include
somatotropic,
or growth,
A gonad
is
hormone, thyroid
stimulating
another
name hormone, and
adrenocorticotropic
for thehormone.
ovaries
and testes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH) control the growth, development,
and functions of the gonads.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
The Endocrine System
• The endocrine system consists of
a network of endocrine glands
located throughout the body.
• Hormones areAn
secreted
by the
endocrine
endocrine
glands
then or
gland
is aand
ductless,
carried to
their destinations
tubeless,
organ or in
the bodygroups
by theof
blood.
cells that
secretes hormones
• Hormones
produced
directly
into during
the
puberty bloodstream.
trigger physical changes
in the body.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
The Endocrine System
• The endocrine system consists of
a network of endocrine glands
located throughout the body.
• Hormones are secreted by the
A hormone
is a
endocrine glands and
then
chemical
substance
carried to their
destinations
in
thatblood.
is produced in
the body by the
glands and helps
• Hormones produced
regulateduring
many of your
puberty trigger
physical
changes
body’s
functions.
in the body.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland. It has three
sections, or lobes—anterior, intermediate, and posterior.
The pituitary
gland regulates and
controls the
activities of all of
the other endocrine
glands.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal
adrenal
gland is aThe
gland
that cortex secretes a hormone
inhibits the amount of sodium
helps thethat
body
excreted
in urine and serves to
recover from
stress
maintain
blood volume and pressure.
and respond
to
emergencies.
It also secretes hormones that aid the
metabolism of fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates.
Lesson
Structure of the Endocrine System
1
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal medulla is controlled by
the hypothalamus and the autonomic
nervous system.
It secretes the hormones epinephrine
(also called adrenaline) and
norepinephrine.
Lesson
Structure of the Endocrine System
1
Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts.
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal
adrenal
gland is aThe
gland
that medulla is controlled by
hypothalamus and the autonomic
helps the the
body
nervous
system.
recover from
stress
and respond to
It secretes the hormones epinephrine
emergencies.
(also called adrenaline) and
norepinephrine.
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands
The thyroid
• Hypothalamus
gland produces
hormones
• Pineal
Gland that
regulate metabolism,
• Testes
and
Ovaries
body
heat,
and bone
growth.
• Thymus Gland
• Pancreas
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands
• Hypothalamus
•
•
•
•
The parathyroid
Pineal Gland
gland produces a
hormone
that
Testes
and Ovaries
regulates the body’s
Thymus
Gland
calcium
and
phosphorous balance.
Pancreas
Lesson
1
Structure of the Endocrine System
Some Glands of the Endocrine System
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid glands
• Hypothalamus
• Pineal Gland
The pancreas is
a gland that serves
• Testes and Ovaries
two systems - the
digestive and the
• Thymus Gland
endocrine systems.
• Pancreas
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! An endocrine gland is a ductless, or tubeless,
organ or group of cells that secretes hormones directly
into the bloodstream.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Correct! The two parts of the adrenal glands are:
adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.
Lesson
1
A. Correct! Many endocrine glands become more active
during puberty, causing significant changes in
adolescents, both male and female.
Lesson
1
Quick Review - Answer
You have answered the question incorrectly. Go back to try
again, or click Next to view the correct answer.