The Cell Biology of
Goals
• Help you to
– Find structures in lab
– Understand what you see
– Not forget = remember what you learn
• Provide a structural framework for details of
function and regulation given in Physiology
General overview of neuroendocrine system
Varied (see charts on pgs EN3 - EN8, syllabus)Embryonic origins and locations
Stimuli
Secretory products
Common themes 2-3 types of stimuli:
Neural/hormonal
Metabolic
2 types of secretory products
Non-steroid
Protiens: peptides, polypeptides,
glycoproteins
Modified amino acids: tyrosine
Steroid
All secrete into tissue space/vascular fluid
VISCERAL/EPITHELIAL
MODIFIED MUSCLE
NEURONAL
Adenohypophysis
Thyroid
Follicular
Parafollicular
Parathyroid*
Steroid-secreting
Adrenal Cortex
Testis - Interstitial cells
Ovary - Granulosa cells
Theca interna
Corpus luteum
Placenta
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus- renin
Hypothalamus
Neurohypophysis
Pineal
Adrenal medulla*
Paraganglia*
Atrial myoctes - atrial
natruiretic factor (ANF)
Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans
Gut endocrine cells*- secretin, etc.
Bronchial endocrine cells*
Liver - Hepatocytes - somatomedin
Skin - Vitamin D
Kidney interstital cells
Outer cortex - erythropoetin
Medulla - prostaglandins
Thymus - thymosin, thymopoietin
CT Fat cells - leptin
*diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) [APUD]
VISCERAL/EPITHELIAL
MODIFIED MUSCLE
NEURONAL
Adenohypophysis
Thyroid
Follicular
Parafollicular
Parathyroid*
Steroid-secreting
Adrenal Cortex
Testis - Interstitial cells
Ovary - Granulosa cells
Theca interna
Corpus luteum
Placenta
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus- renin
Hypothalamus
Neurohypophysis
Pineal
Adrenal medulla*
Paraganglia*
Atrialmyoctes - atrial
natruiretic factor (ANF)
Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans
Gut endocrine cells*- secretin, etc.
Bronchial endocrine cells*
Liver - Hepatocytes - somatomedin
Skin - Vitamin D
Kidney interstital cells
Outer cortex - erythropoetin
Medulla - prostaglandins
Thymus - thymosin, thymopoietin
CT Fat cells - leptin
*diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) [APUD]
VISCERAL/EPITHELIAL
Adenohypophysis
Thyroid
Follicular
Parafollicular
Parathyroid*
Steroid-secreting
Adrenal Cortex
Testis - Interstitial cells
Ovary - Granulosa cells
Theca interna
Corpus luteum
Placenta
MODIFIED MUSCLE
NEURONAL
Hypothalamus
Neurohypophysis
Pineal
Adrenal medulla*
Paraganglia*
Pancreas - Islets of Langerhans
*diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) [APUD,
amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation]
Endocrine organs to be covered
Organ
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Cortex
Medulla
Parafollicular cells
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Today, Tomorrow
Stimulus
Neural/
Hormonal
Secretory Product
Non-steroid
protein/glycoprotein
modified tyrosine
Steroid
Neural
Non- " - mod'd tyrosine
Metabolic
“ + Neural
Non-Steroid
protein/polypeptide
paracrine
autocrine
endocrine
INTRACELLULAR
RECEPTORS
Steroid and
thyroid
hormones
CELL SURFACE
RECEPTORS
Proteins and
modified amino
acids
neuroectoderm
neuroectoderm
pituitary gland:
oropharynx
ectoderm
posterior lobe
oropharynx
ectoderm
anterior lobe
Development of the Pituitary Gland
(modified)
median eminence
pars tuberalis
infundibulum
pars intermedia
pars nervosa
pars distalis
posterior lobe
neurohypophysis
anterior lobe
adenohypopysis
Herring bodies
Arginine Vasopressin or
Antidiuretic Hormone,
AVP =ADH
and
Oxytocin
Hypophysiotropic Hypothalamic Neurohormones
Neurohormones
Hypothalamic
Adenohypophyseal
Hormones
GH
or
STH
Releasing GH-RF
factors
(RF)
Inhibiting GH-IF
factors
(IF)
TSH
ACTH
MSH
TSH-RF
ACTHRF
MSH-RF LH/
ICSH
and
FSH-RF
MSH-IF
LH/
ICSH
and FSH
PRL
PIF
(dopamine)
Establish Cell/Hormone Association
Physicians and Pathologists - Identify patients with growth,
metabolic or endocrine abnormalities and process
autopsy/biopsy material for microscopy
Biochemists - Isolate and purify hormones for testing
Physiologists - Characterize physiologic actions of purified
pituitary hormone preparations in animal models
Histochemistry
Cell Biologists - Put it all together!
Histophysiology
EM and immunocytochemistry
Hormone-secreting cells of the human
anterior pituitary
Cell Type
Somatotrope
Staining
Reaction
Acidophil
Hormone(s)
Secreted
Growth Hormone
Mammotrope
Acidophil
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyrotrope
Basophil
TSH
Gonadotrope
Basophil
LH/ICSH and FSH
Corticotrope
Basophil
ACTH, bLPH
That’s all for now, folks!
To be continued tomorrow!