COLLABORATIVE FISHERIES
MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES
RUFIJI-MAFIA-KILWA (RUMAKI)
SEASCAPE PROGRAMME
WWF-TANZANIA
Rufiji-Mafia-Kilwa Seascape among 6
priority seascapes for WWF programme
in coastal E Africa
Programme area approx. 9,000 km2
Coastal population 137,728
Beach Management Unit (BMU)
establishment in all coastal villagesFisheries Act, 2003 part 5 sect 18 (1)
Co-management in TZ is an Agreement
between BMUs, District authorities &
Fisheries Division
PROGRAMME GOAL:
Improve socio-economic well-being
of coastal communities in Rufiji,
Mafia and Kilwa through
sustainable, participatory and
equitable use and protection of
fisheries & other marine resources.
Specifically
1. Promote collaborative FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
2. RAISE AWARENESS on project objectives and fisheries
management
3. Strengthen LIVELIHOODS by improving environment for
small-scale enterprise
4. Protection of HABITATS & SPECIES
5. MONITORING to provide data for management
KEY PARTNERS
Coastal communities
Mafia District
Rufiji District
Kilwa District
Fisheries Division of Min.
of Livestock & Fisheries
Why fisheries comanagement in TZ?
Open access fisheries
Destructive fishing practices
Limited central & local govt capacity
Declining stocks esp. export fisheries
Conflict btwn trawlers & artisanal fishers
Collaborative Fisheries Management (CFM)
Strategy: Empower coastal communities
to take advantage of provisions of the
Fisheries Act, 2003 to decentralise
decision-making, planning and
management of fisheries resources, in
collaboration with govt.
Approach:
1. Livelihood development
2. Awareness raising to
communities for establish
management institutions
(BMUs /CFMAs)
LIVELIHOODS PROGRAMME (2006 to date)
Village savings & loans
96 microfinance groups/ 2000 members
to date 6,500 loans of total value 2.2 million
US$ generated. >90% repayment
Mariculture trials:
Milkfish (1,800US$), mud crabs - success
(5,000 US$), pearl oysters (10,000 US$)
revenue & a lot of lesson learning
43 Mariculture enterprise groups
Enterprise support
Enterprise grants (360,000 US$) and
enterprise and skills training provided to 157
enterprise groups
STEPS FOR BMU/CCC FORMATION
Development of national task
force on CFM
Development of BMU guidelines
& CFM Roadmap
District level awareness and
lobbying for action
Institutional dev’t at
VILLAGE LEVEL (BMU)
Institutional dev’t at CCC/
WARD LEVEL – (CFMA)
Institutional dev’t at village level (BMU)
STEP 1. Raise awareness on fisheries resources
ownership and management - Key Players (Change
Agents)
District Change Agents:
Role: To sensitize
communities
and provide technical
information
Village change agents:
Role: Discussion with fisher
folk on registration of
members for BMU formation.
Step 2. Formation of BMUs
Registration & Election of office bearers
Roles of BMU:
• Preparation and
Implementation of
Management plans, Bylaws
& workplans
• Surveillance activities
(laws enforcement)
• Collection of revenue
and fisheries data
• Education and
Information sharing
Composition of
BMU office
bearers
Step 3. Build capacity at community
level (BMU & Village leaders)
1. Training Governance & leadership skills
3. Fisheries policy & legislation awareness
raising & Bylaws development
4. Fish catch data collection training
2. Study visits to Tanga & Lake
Victoria (10 times)
7. Training in fisheries resources use
planning inc. problem identification,
analysis & development of 5 yr plans
5. Surveillance training – surveillance protocol
8. Fund raising & financial
management training- BMU
financial sustainability strategy
Step 3. Build capacity cont…………….
Provision of 6 Boats and other surveillance equipments to BMUs
District level capacity-building on CFM through training on:
1. Change agent
2. Computer & data management
3. Collaborative natural resources management course
4. Exchange visits
5. Attending & facilitating the village level meetings
STEP 4: Sharing of fishing grounds through shared
management system – Development of CFMAs (LMMAs)
CFMA - local management area within geographical coastal and marine area of the
territorial waters of Tanzania, designated using legislative and administrative
processes.
Fisheries Regulations, 2009 –Regulation 133 (10) provides for BMUs to associate with
others to form higher level co-management structures (CFMAs) for purpose of
planning, management & development
Establishing framework & guidelines for Collaborative Fisheries Management Areas
(CFMAs)
THE UNITED REPUBLIC
OF TANZANIA
MINISTRY OF
LIVESTOCK
DEVELOPMENT AND
FISHERIES
PREPARED BY
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
DIVISION AND WORLD
WIDE FUND FOR NATURE
NOVEMBER, 20
Step 6. Development of co-ordination framework
Involves:
1. BMUs identify neighbouring BMUs with whom to form a CFMA
2. Formation of CFMA Co-ordinating Committees (CCCs),
3. Harmonized CFMA management plan & bylaws
4. Identification of boundaries – CFMA Maps & Agreement
5. Joint implementation plans
BMU 1
BMU 3
CFMA
& CCC
BMU 2
BMU 4
Roles of CCC:
• Harmonization of CFMA &
work Plans
• Overseeing implementation of
CFMA plans
• Sharing joint implementation
issues
• Ensure good governance
among BMUs
ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-2011): community level
Mafia Island
Marine Park
25 BMUs established &
strengthened
6 CFMAs Comprising 21
BMUs with total area:
2,498 sq km (28% of
RUMAKI area),
16 small no-take zones
approx. 61.2 sq km (2.5%
of the total CFMA area)
initially 2 yr closure
Dev’t of 6 CFMA plans &
Agreement with Director
of fisheries
ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-2011): community level
1. Development of sustainable financing plans,
Achievements
inclusion of BMU
budget in District plans (5% of
fisheries budget) & increased village revenues
3. BMUs active in surveillance & catch monitoring
4. Perceived increase in fish availability
5. Reduction in illegal fishing activities including
dynamite fishing & seine nets
5. BMU guidelines on migrant fisher camps
6. Increased frequency & reporting of dugong
sightings
ACHIEVEMENTS (2006-To date): national & district
7. Production of Fisheries
Regulations in Kiswahili
Achievements
(3,000 copies)
8. Documents for implementation and sharing lessons
including:
i) BMU guideline
ii) CFMA guideline
iii)Anti-dynamite strategies
iv) Village/BMU Bylaws
v) Surveillance protocol
9. Fisheries revenues in District has doubled
10. BMUs are now contributing to social development
11. Replication of the project achievement in other
coastal areas
Challenges
•
•
•
•
•
•
Party political interference and negative perceptions of MPAs
on BMU establishment in Kilwa
Migrant & seine net fishers destabilize support for CFMAs
Weak participation from District authority counterparts
Limited opportunities for BMUs fundraising
No consistent national programme for CFM development
co-management model has potential in TZ, BUT ONLY
IF there is adequate:
• sustained community capacity-building
• better integration with district authority plans
• continued complementary livelihood support
Final thoughts …
Historical experience in TZ has shown importance of
setting no-takes zones in broader fisheries comanagement framework
Initial emphasis in RUMAKI CFMAs is more likely to be on
REGULATING ACCESS and DESTRUCTIVE GEARS. no-take
zones may gain more support as time goes on.
Setting up MPAs / LMMAs is actually the easy part!
Making them functional / financially sustainable over 1020 yrs is the main challenge, it takes time, funding and
commitments.