Cooperation across the water and sanitation
value chain
World Water Day 22 March 2013
Butare, Rwanda
Integrated Water
and Sanitation
Service chain
22/03/13
Water stress in Rwanda
High growth path  But:
• Demand
• Contamination (waste, agro-chemicals)
• Water source degradation (erosion/flooding)
• Climate change
Water Resource Policy/Strategy 2012
Integrated water resource management adopted as framework for
water development and management
Strategy for sustainable water and
sanitation services
• Public Private Partnership
Policy framework
• Delegated management
model
• Inclusive water and sanitation
services
• Environmental responsibility
and adaptation
Functional
Sustainable
access to
water and
sanitation
Integrated Water Resource Management:
luxury or reality?
Irrigation
Mining
Tourism
Water
supply
Waste
water
Erosion
Hydro
power
Industry
Flooding
Making IWRM practical in Water
and Sanitation
Inspiration in the
value chain
concept of
Michael Porter
Expanding watsan chain responsibilities
Drinking water
supply service
1
Production of
raw water
2
Potabilization
Distribution
3
Service / use
4
Waste-water
Sewage
Integral water and
sanitation service chain
management
5
Recycling
1
Raw
water
Production, Raw water
• The water sources: well, river, lakes, catchment.
• Key actors: Water resource authority, farmers, tourists,
industry, villages, local authorities, miners, water
company, other water users.
• Crucial capabilities: Water resource management,
integrated territorial planning, long term thinking, water
governance, multi-actor process.
• Risks: catchment degradation, erosion, climate change,
contamination, bad coordination among actors.
2
Potabilization
Distribution
Transformation & distribution
•
Intake. Transport, storage, treatment stations,
pumping.
•
Key actors: water supply operators, construction
companies, supply chain (chemicals, inputs),
finance.
•
Crucial capabilities: design, treatment, monitoring.
•
Risks: inappropriate technology, bad operation and
maintenance.
3
Service
/ use
Service/use
•
Distribution to water points: commercialization,
management and administration.
•
Key actors: water supply operators, regulator, banks,
offices for payment, WASH support organizations.
•
Capabilities: system design, organization, administration
calculation of tariffs, utility management, consumer
relation-feedback, hygiene education.
•
Risks: inadequate management, inappropriate consumer
practices (hygiene, payment).
4
Waste
water
Waste water
•
Non consumptive use at household or water user point.
Mud pools around the house, untreated waste water at
village level.
•
Key actors: households, water supply organizations,
municipalities.
•
Capabilities: hygiene practices, waste water
evacuation, water saving, demand management.
•
Risks: health (pathogens contamination)
environmental contaminiation,
5
Treatment/ Recycling
Recycling
•
Waste water use, recycling, ecological sanitation.
Filtration pits, gardens.
•
Key actors: municipalities, water organization, farmers,
nature.
•
Capabilities: water treatment, recycling, sanitation
marketing.
•
Risks: inappropriate technology and operation, health ,
environmental contamination.
Context and support
Social
organizations
Knowledge centres
Universities,
vocational training
Regulator
NGO´s
Production of
raw water
Government
(policies)
Service / use
Waste water
Farm, village
Catchment
Society
financial services
Farmers
Treatment &
recycling-
Tourism
Private
companies
IWRM in the Watsan value chain
• First step to use more specialized IWRM tools.
• The concept applies to different scales: from
household to system level.
• It visibilizes the need for collaborative action
• Different actors can be related to different links
• Helps to identify core competencies of
organization.
• Introduces systems perspective to watsan.
• Helps to identify problems and design action!
Gains of using the watsan chain concept
• Stimulates to see the connections between links and its
actors.
• Appoints to higher system efficiency on long term.
• Looks at preventive action: lower transaction costs.
• Helps identify (business) opportunities.
• Articulates with Water Safety Plan (WHO) and investment
plans (addressing up-stream and down-stream issues)
• Integrates sustainability into core business (water
sanitation services).
Sustainable water and sanitation services
through cooperation
Connection
Communication
Learning
Coordination
Thank you
Reference:
World Business Council for
Sustainable Development