tudi
Thermal studies on barium
sulphate in a pilot scale,
rotary kiln
Ruto S., Maree J.P., Kolesnikov A., Zvinowanda C.M.,
Louw W.J.
OUTLINE
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Background
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Materials and Methods
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Results and Discussion
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Conclusions
Background

Sulphate removal from mine wastewater results in the
buildup of large amounts of wastes, mainly barium
sulphate and gypsum.

This sludge disposal is an environmental problem and a
cost burden.
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Thermal reduction of barium sulphate to BaS for starting
production BaCO3 and sulphur.
Objectives
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Thermal reduction of barium sulphate to BaS
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To optimization of the rotary kiln
Thermal studies on barium sulphate in a pilot
scale, rotary kiln.
Schematic diagram of an electrical rotary kiln
Materials and methods
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

Barium sulphate
Coal
Argon gas
The effect of several operating variables
such as, rotation speed, feed-rate,
inclination angle, and temperature were
investigated.
Figure 1. Effect of drum rotation speed on the yield of BaS.
Rotation speed (1.8 rpm, 2.4 rpm, 3.3 rpm, 3.8 rpm, 4.2 rpm, 5
rpm), feed-rate (1 kg/min), inclination angle (2.3°), temperature
1,180°C,
Figure 2. Effect of mixture feed-rate on the yield of BaS. Feed-rate (0.8, 1, 1.6,
3.3 and 5 kg/min), rotation speed (1.8 rpm), inclination angle (2.3°), temperature
1,180°C
Figure 3. Effect of drum angle of inclination on the yield of BaS. Angle of
inclination 2.3°, 3.2°, and 4.2° ,feed-rate (0.8 kg/min), rotation speed (1.8 rpm),
temperature 1,180°C,
Figure 4. Effect of of drum temperature on the yield of BaS
Temperature 900°C - 1180°C, feed-rate (0.8 kg/min), rotation speed (1.8 rpm),
inclination angle (2.3°).
Table 1. XRD analysis results for the thermal reduction of barium sulphate
to BaS .Feed-rate (0.8 kg/min), rotation speed (1.8 rpm), inclination angle
(2.3°), temperature 1,180°C
Compounds
Composition (%)
CaS
0.24
BaS
96.91
CaSO4
0.41
CaCO3
2.44
Vaterite
Not detected
Conclusions
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The optimum conditions for different parameters were
established.

Thermal reduction of Barium sulphate to Bas was
achieved.
.
Acknowledgements
Thanks are due to the following organizations:
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
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THRIP
Tshwane university of technology
Thermopower furnaces
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