By Ester Forbes

• Character- person, animal that takes part in the action
• Setting- time and place of the story
• Conflict- struggle between two opposing forces
– External-happens between characters
– Internal-happen within a character
• Characterization- reveals the personality of characters

• Metaphor- comparing two unlike things not using “like” or “as”.
• Ex. The boy was a monkey.
• Simile- Comparing two unlike things using “like” or “as”.
• The boy was as agile as a monkey.
• Personification- giving a non-human or inanimate object human qualities

• Foreshadowing- use of clues by author to hint of something to come.
• Cause- A reason, motive which produces a result.
• Effect-the result or consequence of an action, or cause.

Examples of Cause and Effect
Cause
Effect
Because it was raining outside the game was canceled.
Joe wanted to take a nap.
He took the phone off the hook.

• Effect could be started first; however we know it didn’t happen first.
Effect
Jake earned an
(as a result of)
A on his report
Cause many hard hours of research.

Dove
• Mr. Lapham(silversmith)
Son(deceased)
Madge
Mrs. Lapham (wife of son)
Doras Cilla Isannah
Apprentices
Dusty Miller Johnny Tremain