World History
Unit 4
Connecting Hemispheres:
900 - 1800
Chapter 17
European Renaissance
and Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.
Section 1
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
Italy and Renaissance
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Objectives
To explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the
Renaissance.
To identify the values and ideas prized during the
Renaissance.
To describe the artistic breakthrough and achievements
of Renaissance artists.
To summarize intellectual literary works and techniques
of key Renaissance writers.
Vocabulary: Renaissance, humanism, secular, patron,
perspective, vernacular
Italy’s Advantages
Setting - 1300-1600
– rejection of medieval values
Renaissance
– rebirth of art and learning
– N. Italy
• cities
– Crusade ‘trade’
• wealthy merchants
– dominated politics
– Medici
» rulers & patrons
• Greco-Roman culture
– monasteries
– Constantinople (1453)
Renaissance Values & Ideas
Humanism
– classical Greek & Roman culture
– human potential and
achievements
• secular
– worldly; enjoy life’s pleasures
– no offense to God
• patrons
– wealthy supporters of the arts
– church and merchants
‘Renaissance Man’
– to excel in many fields
– ‘woman’
• well-educated but lack power
Renaissance Art
Artistic Styles
– realistic; citizens; human body
• Techniques
– nude sculpture
– perspective
• illusion of 3-dimensions
• Leonardo da Vinci
– painter, sculptor, inventor,
scientist
– ‘Renaissance Man’
• Michelangelo
– Sistene Chapel
• Raphael
– ‘School of Athens’
School of Athens
Michelangelo
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance Writers
Vernacular
– native language
– Dante Alighieri
• ‘The Divine Comedy’
– Geoffrey Chaucer
• ‘The Canterbury Tales’
• Petrarch
– humanist writer and poet
• Machiavelli
– ‘The Prince’
– guidebook for rulers
• Women
– personal subjects
Italy and Renaissance
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Objectives
To explain the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the Renaissance.
Thriving cities, wealthy merchants, Greco-Roman culture
To identify the values and ideas prized during the Renaissance.
Humanists, secular, patrons, ‘Renaissance Man’
To describe the artistic breakthrough and achievements of
Renaissance artists.
New techniques - perspective, realism, human form
To summarize intellectual literary works and techniques of key
Renaissance writers.
Vernacular, human nature, ‘The Prince’, personal subjects
Assessment
1) Renaissance
2) humanism
3) secular
4) patron
5) perspective
6) vernacular
7) Renaissance Man
8) Sistene Chapel painter
9) Mona Lisa painter
10) Wrote ‘The Prince’
1) rebirth of arts / learning
2) human potential
3) worldy; here and now
4) supporter of the arts
5) illusion of 3-dimensions
6) native language
7) excel in many fields
8) Michelangelo
9) Leonardo da Vinci
10) Machiavelli
Chapter 17
European Renaissance
and Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.
Section 2
The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance
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Objectives
To explain the origins and characteristics of the
Northern Renaissance.
To trace the impact of the Renaissance on
German and Flemish painters.
To profile key Northern Renaissance writers.
To explain how printing spread Renaissance
beliefs.
Vocabulary: Utopia, printing press, Gutenberg
Bible
Northern Renaissance
England, France, Germany, Flanders
– unification in England / France
• strong monarchs
– northern traditions
• religious over secular
• social reform / Christian values
Renaissance Art
– artists flee Italian wars
• German
– Hans Holbein the Younger
• religion / classical myths
• realism
• Flemish
– Jan van Eyck
• realism / oil based paints
Chancellor Rolin
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Peasant Wedding
Still Life
Northern Writers
Christian Humanists
– social concerns / religious slant
• Desiderius Erasmus
– Holland (Latin)
– ‘The Praise of Folly’
• human flaw
• Thomas More
– England (Latin)
– ‘Utopia’
• Greek - no place
• free of human folly
• Francois Rabelais
– France (French)
– ‘Gargantua’ and ‘Pantagruel”
– humor to make a point
Northern Writers
William Shakespeare
– English playwright (English)
– ideals of the Renaissance
• human potential
• tragic human flaws
– MacBeth, Romeo and Juliet,
Hamlet, King Lear
• classical Greco-Roman themes
• Elizabethan Age
– 1558-1603
– ‘Renaissance Woman’
• Queen
• multiple languages
• poet
Spread of Renaissance Ideas
Movable Type
– China in 1045
• Johann Gutenberg
– adaptation of movable type
– printing press
– Gutenberg Bible
• 1st printed book
• 1455
• learning
– fast and cheap
– spread of ideas
– rise in literacy
• Bible
– mass interpretation
The Northern Renaissance
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Objectives
To explain the origins and characteristics of the Northern
Renaissance.
Unified nations, strong monarchs, Italian ideas combined with
northern traditions
To trace the impact of the Renaissance on German and Flemish
painters.
Italian ideas head north, focus on realism, Flanders as center
To profile key Northern Renaissance writers.
Christian humanists, social and religious concerns, Shakespeare,
Elizabethan Age
To explain how printing spread Renaissance beliefs.
Bible, learning and literacy, mass interpretations
Assessment
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Greek Utopia definition
printing press inventor
1st book printed on press
realism
new type of paint
MacBeth author
movable type inventor
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
“no place”
Johann Gutenberg
Gutenberg Bible
lifelike
oil-based
Shakespeare
China
Chapter 17
European Renaissance
and Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.
Section 3
Luther Starts the Reformation
Luther Starts the Reformation
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Objectives
To analyze historical forces and religious issues
that sparked the Reformation.
To trace Martin Luther’s role in the religious
movement to reform the Catholic Church.
To analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.
To explain the spread of the Protestant faith to
England during King Henry VIII’s reign.
Vocabulary: indulgence, Reformation, Lutheran,
Protestant, Peace of Augsburg, annul, Anglican
Luther Starts the Reformation
Causes
– Renaissance ideas
• secular & individual
• printing press
– Rulers resistance to Pope
• corrupt practices
• worldly affairs
– Church tax resentment
– Church leaders reform calls
• 1300-1400s
– John Wycliffe (England)
– Jan Hus (Bohemia)
• 1500s (Christian humanists)
– Desiderius Erasmus
– Thomas More
Luther’s Challenge
Martin Luther (1483-1546)
– German monk
– indulgences
• pardon for past sins
• 95 Thesis
• Reformation
– salvation through faith in God
• ‘good works’ not needed
– Bible as supreme authority
• Pope as false authority
– all could interpret the Bible
• priests not needed
• Founding of Christian
churches
Response to Luther
Pope Leo X
– excommunication in 1520
Emperor Charles V
– Holy Roman Emperor
– Edict of Worms
• Luther outlaw and heretic
• crime to feed or shelter
• Lutherans
– followers of Luther
• Peasant Revolts (1524)
– religious, personal freedom
• Protestants
– German princes not loyal to pope
– 1547-1555 war
– Peace of Augsburg
Protestant England
Henry VIII - (1491-1547)
– King of England
• Henry’s wives
– Catherine of Aragon (1527)
• aunt of Charles V
• daughter Mary
• annul
– set aside
– Reformation Parliament (1529)
• Act of Supremecy (1534)
– King head of church
– seizes monasteries / land
– Anne Boleyn (1533)
• daughter Elizabeth
• beheaded in 1536
– 3rd wife
• son Edward
Henry VIII’s Children
Edward VI
– 1st to rule; 1547-1553
– Protestant control
Mary I
– 1553-1558
– Catholic rule; Pope as head
Elizabeth I
– 1558-1603
– return to Protestantism
– Anglican official church
• Book of Common Prayer
• Protestant / Catholic
compromise
– defeat of Spanish Armada
(1588)
Luther Starts the Reformation
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Objectives
To analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the
Reformation.
Renaissance ideas, corrupt clergy, church leaders call for reforms
To trace Martin Luther’s role in the religious movement to reform
the Catholic Church.
Protests indulgences, 95 Thesis, salvation and Bible interpretation
To analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.
Pope excommunicates, HRE ‘heretic’, German peasant revolt,
HRE war with Protestant princes
To explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England during
King Henry VIII’s reign.
Henry’s ‘annulment,’ Henry head of English church, Protestant /
Catholic heir clashes, Elizabeth I’s Protestantism
Assessment
1)
2)
3)
4)
indulgence
Reformation
Luther’s followers
German princes decide
region’s own religion
5) Christians belonging to
non-Catholic churches
6) annul
7) Church of England
8) He beheaded 2 wives
1)
2)
3)
4)
pardon from prior sin
religious reform
Lutherans
Peace of Augsburg
5) Protestants
6) set aside
7) Anglican Church
8) Henry VIII
Chapter 17
European Renaissance
and Reformation,
1300-1600 A.D.
Section 4
The Reformation Continues
The Reformation Continues
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Objectives
To explain John Calvin’s Protestant teachings and
their spread throughout northern and western
Europe.
To describe the beliefs of other reformers and
women’s roles in the Reformation.
To trace the reforms within the Catholic Church.
Vocabulary: predestination, Calvinism, theocracy,
Presbyterian, Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation,
Jesuits, Council of Trent
Calvinism
John Calvin - 1536
– Institutes of the Christian Religion
– Calvinism
• sinful by nature
• predestination
• Geneva
– theocracy
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Influences
John Knox – 1559
– Presbyterians
• laymen
– Swiss, Dutch, French
– Huguenots
• St. Bartholomew’s Day – 1572
• massacre of Protestants
–
C:\Documents and Settings\tfredrickson\Desktop
Reformers
Protestant Core Belief
– mass interpretation
• Anabaptists
– “baptize again”
• adult baptism
– separation of church and state
• opposition to war
Catholic Reformation
– Ignatius of Loyola
– Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
• education
• missionary work
• stop spread of Protestantism
– Council of Trent (1543-1563)
• Catholic interpretation final
The Reformation Continues
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Objectives
To explain John Calvin’s Protestant teachings and their spread
throughout northern and western Europe.
Predestination, sinful by nature, theocracy, Protestant influence
To describe the beliefs of other reformers and women’s roles in the
Reformation.
Different beliefs, Anabaptist adult baptism, women behind the
scene
To trace the reforms within the Catholic Church.
Jesuits, education, Council of Trent, clarification of church doctrine
Vocabulary: predestination, Calvinism, theocracy, Presbyterian,
Anabaptist, Catholic Reformation, Jesuits, Council of Trent
Assessment
1) taught that people are sinful
by nature
2) God knows beforehand who
will be saved
3) Religion founded by John
Calvin
4) Followers of John Knox
5) Massacre of Huguenots in
France in 1572
6) Baptize again as adults
7) The Catholic Church reforms
itself
8) Society of Jesus members
9) Meetings where Catholics
agree on church reforms
1) John Calvin
2) Predestination
3) Calvinism
4) Presbyterians
5) St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
6) Anabaptists
7) Catholic Reformation
8) Jesuits
9) Council of Trent