QURANIC GRAMMAR
AS-SARF
“Morphology of the words”
Lesson 9
Lessons from the book
MABADE” ALA’RABIYAH –
basics of Arabic Grammar
RASHEED SHARTOONI
Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali
13- Patterns of derived nouns
(Al Ism Mushtaq)
• There are 7 Patterns in Nouns that we will discuss:
1 Subject Noun FAAE’L ‫كاتب=فاعل‬
2 Object Noun MAFU’OOL ‫مكتوب=مفعول‬
3 Siffah Mushabihah (Description similar to Subject), Extensive
Emphasis AFA’L ‫اسود=افعل‬
4 Superlative Noun AFA’LA MIN ‫اكبرمن= افعل من‬
5 Amplifying noun FA’AAL ‫الرحمن=فعّال‬
6 Time Noun MAFE’L ‫مغرب=مفعل‬
7 Place Noun MAFA’L ‫مركز=مفعل‬
8 Tool Noun MEFA’AAL ‫منشار=مفعال‬
13-Patterns – Subject Noun - ‫اسم فاعل‬
• Subject Noun – Ism Faail ‫اسم فاعل‬
• It is a noun that indicates a doer (Actor) of an action.
• In English we have a similar pattern: “Build” + er = Builder,
Painter, Baker, Maker,
• There is a difference between the noun of subject (ISM
FAAE’L) and the grammatical subject which will be discussed
in the grammar, for example :
• QAATIL ‫ قاتل‬in SARF is a noun of subject (ISM FAAE’L)
because it is on the scale of FAAE’L ‫ فاعل‬, but it may be a
grammatical subject or grammatical object depends on the
grammatical position:
• ‫ ضرب القاتل عليا‬DHARAB ALQAATILO ALIYAN
• ALQAATIL (murder) is a subject (ends with a DHAMMA) in
the first and is and an object (ends with a FATHA) in the
next sentence:
• ‫ ضرب علي القاتل‬DHARAB ALIYON ALQAATILA
Three Lettered verbs have a scale of ‫فاعل‬
– ‫( ضرب‬Hit)  ‫ضارب‬
• ‫ نصر‬ ‫ناصر‬
• In a tri-lettered verb, if the Ayn of the verb is a Alif, then a
Hamza will be added after the Alif.
• ‫نام‬‫نائم‬Naa’em
• ‫صام‬‫صائم‬Saa’em
• ‫باع‬‫بائع‬Baa’e
• ‫قال‬‫قائل‬Qaa’el
Four Lettered verbs have a scale of Mufel
• Prefix the verb with Meem with a Dhammah
• Add a Kasra on the letter before the last letter
)‫(مفعل‬Mufe’l
‫استغفر‬‫مستغفر‬Mustagfer
Patterns – Subject Noun - ‫اسم فاعل‬
•
Ism Faa’el ‫فاعل اسم‬replaces a verb and is used as a verb (which requires a
grammatical subject and perhaps an object) when:
1. it is articulated with ‫ال‬after it
2. a subject that has a linking pronoun (and an object if the verb form is
transitive verb)
Al-Aamilo Akooho
‫جاء الر ُج ُل العامل أخوه‬
–
The man came who’s brother is a worker
Jaa’a ‫ – جاء‬Past Tense
Ar Rujul ‫–الر ُج ُل‬Subject - (The Man)
Al Aamelu ‫ –العام ُل‬Ism Fa’el (replaced the verb ‫عمل‬Aamala)
‫ –أخوه‬Subject of Al-Aamil ‫عامل‬Linking pronoun “ho” referring back to ‫الر ُج ُل‬
13- Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) ‫اسم مفعول‬
Ism Mafool is a noun which is derived from a passive
verb (‫ )مبني المجهل‬to indicate an object (The one which
the action of verb was done on)
Three Lettered Form: Foela ‫فُ ِعل‬ Mafool‫مفعول‬
• Dhuriba‫( ضرب‬Hit)  ‫مضروب‬Mudhroob (The one who was
hit)
• Nosera‫( نصر‬Supported) ‫منصور‬Mansoor (The one who
was supported)
Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) ‫اسم مفعول‬
1. If the verb had a vowel letter (Alif, Wow, Yaa) in the middle
(Ay’n) then it is returned to its Original vowel letter (by
turning into a present tense in most cases)
• Qaa La ‫قال‬ Yaqool ‫يقول‬ Maqool ‫(مقول‬said word)
• Baa’a ‫(باع‬sold)YABEE’ ‫(يبيع‬selling-present tense) 
Mabee’a (commodity) ‫[م ِبيع‬the (A’yn ‫ )ع‬Alif ‫ا‬is originally
Yaa ‫ي‬, therefore it turns into a Yaa‫]ي‬
2. If the verb ended with a vowel letter Alif ‫ا‬which was originally
Yaa ‫ى‬, then it will be converted to YAA .
• Banaa ‫بنى‬ Present Tense Banee ‫بنى‬ Mabnee ‫بنى‬
ِ ‫م‬
or If the vowel letter Alif ‫ا‬was originally wow ‫و‬then it will be
coverted to wow:
• DaAaa ‫دعا‬ Yadoo ‫(يدعو‬Present)  MadOoo ‫ =مدعُو‬The invited one
Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) ‫اسم مفعول‬
3. Some times Ism Mafool is used on one of the scales of ISM
Faa’el‫ فاعل‬such as FA’EEL ‫فعيل‬
• Qatala‫ قتل‬ Qateel ‫( قتيل‬Murdered One)
OR  Maqtool‫مقتول‬
• Jaraha ‫جرح‬ Jareeh ‫جريح‬
OR  MaJrooh ‫ =مجروح‬Injured one
For non tri-lettered Mafool nouns it will be prefixed by a meem‫م‬
with dhamma, and the letter before the last one will have a
fatha.
Scale of Mof’al
Qad’dara ‫ ّق ّدر‬‫ مق ّدر‬Muqad’dar
IsTakraj‫ استخرخ‬‫مستخرج‬Mustakhraj
• Please note: Every non tri-lettered object (Ism Mafool) is
Masdar Meem but not vice versa.
Patterns – Ism Mafool (Object) ‫اسم مفعول‬
•
•
•
•
•
Ism Mafool is dealt as a noun Marfoo, Mansoob, and Majroor.
Some times it will act as a passive verb and will take the place
of the verb, in such case it will require a Naaeb Fael (successor
of subject). The details of this will be discussed in grammar.
There is a difference between the noun of object (ISM
MAFU’OOL) and the grammatical object which will be
discussed in the grammar, for example :
MAQTOOL ‫ مقتول‬in SARF is a noun of object (ISM MAFU’OOL)
because it is on the scale of MAFU’OOL‫ مفعول‬, but it may be a
grammatical subject or grammatical object depends on the
grammatical position:
‫ ضرب المقتول عليا‬DHARAB AL MAQTOOLO ALIYAN
ALMAQTOOL (victim) is a subject (ends with a DHAMMA) in the
first and is an object (ends with a FATHA) in the next sentence:
‫ ضرب علي المقتول‬DHARAB ALIYON AL MAQTOOLA