E-learning in
Developing Countries
BADRUL HUDA KHAN
http://www.BadrulKhan.com/
MCWEADON EDUCATION, USA
E-Learning is Global
E-Learning is
here to stay
Slide 2
Today, I would focus on
• A Global Framework for E-Learning
• Initiative for Bangladesh Virtual
University
• QA
Slide 3
A high quality e-learning system
must be meaningful to all
stakeholders groups:
• Learners
• Instructors
• Technical & Support Staff
• Organization
Slide 4
An e-learning system is more likely to be
meaningful to learners when it is
• easily accessible
• clearly organized
• well written
• authoritatively presented
• learner-centered
• affordable
• efficient
• flexible, and has a
• facilitated learning environment.
Slide 5
When learners display a high level
of participation and success in
meeting a course's goals and
objectives, this can make e-learning
meaningful to instructors.
Slide 6
When learners enjoy all available
support services provided in the
course without any interruptions, it
makes support services staff
happy as they strive to provide
easy-to-use, reliable services.
Slide 7
Finally, e-learning is meaningful
to an organization when it has
a sound return-on-investment
(ROI), a moderate to high level of
learners' satisfaction with both
the quality of instruction and all
support services, and a low dropout rate.
Slide 8
Today, I would like to introduce a
Framework which I believe will help
us identify important criteria for
quality E-Learning.
Slide 9
A Flexible
Framework
for E-Learning
Slide 10
Academic,
administrative
&
student
services
Assessment
ofPhysical
learner,
evaluation
of
learning
environment
On-line
Content
Infrastructure,
Ethical
Learning
and
development
considerations
off-line
layout
and
hardware
teaching
resources
and
and
navigation
in
and
maintenance
e-learning
issues
software
& support
Meaningful
Learning
Interface
Design
Ethical
Pedagogical
Management
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
e-learning
Slide 14
Stakeholder Focused E-Learning
Put each stakeholder group (learners, instructors,
technical staff, etc.) at the center of the octagon and
ask questions along the eight dimensions. By doing
this exercise, you will be able to understand critical elearning issues for each group.
1. PEDAGOGICAL
1.1 Content Analysis
1.2 Audience Analysis
1.3 Goal Analysis
1.4 Medium Analysis
1.5 Design approach
1.6 Organization
1.7 Methods and Strategies
2. TECHNOLOGICAL
2.1 Infrastructure planning
2.2 Hardware
2.3 Software
3. INTERFACE DESIGN
3.1 Page and site design
3.2 Content design
3.3 Navigation
3.4 Accessibility
3.5 Usability testing
4. EVALUATION
4.1 Assessment of learners
4.2 Evaluation of the instruction
& learning environment
5. MANAGEMENT
5.1 E-Learning Content
Development
5.2 E-Learning Maintenance
6. RESOURCE SUPPORT
6.1 Online support
6.2 Resources
7. ETHICAL
7.1 Social and Political Influence
7.2 Cultural Diversity
7.3 Bias
7.4 Geographical diversity
7.5 Learner diversity
7.6 Digital Divide
7.7 Etiquette
7.8 Legal issues
8. INSTITUTIONAL
8.1 Administrative Affairs
8.2 Academic affairs
8.2 Student services
http://BooksToRead.com/framework/dimensions.htm
PEDAGOGICAL
• Content
•
•
•
•
•
•
Audience
Goals
Medium
Design
Organization
Methods
What types of content
are appropriate to teach
via e-learning versus
classroom?
PEDAGOGICAL
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Content
Audience
Goals
Medium
Design
Organization
Methods
What types of content
are appropriate to teach
via e-learning versus
classroom?
PEDAGOGICAL
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Content
Audience
Goals
Medium
Design
Organization
Methods
What types of content
are appropriate to teach
via e-learning versus
classroom?
RECAP
As you can see Videoconferencing can be used by medical students and
professionals to observe how a surgeon performs the surgery.
Instructional Method:
E-Learning Videoconferencing
Learning Strategy:
Instructional Demonstration
But, medical students must be actively involved in hands-on learning activity to
learn how to operate on patients.
Instructional Method:
Instructor-facilitated f-2-f classroom
Instructional Strategy:
Action Learning
By appropriately combining content appropriate to both e-learning method and
classroom based instruction, we can develop meaningful blended learning.
PEDAGOGICAL
• Content
•
•
•
•
•
•
Audience
Goals
Medium
Design
Organization
Methods
Content
Suitability Testing
STABLE
Content
DYNAMIC
Content
PEDAGOGICAL
Who are the learners?
•
Content
•
Audience
•
•
•
•
•
Goals
Medium
Design
Organization
Methods
Do we have adequate
information about the
learners at a
distance?
PEDAGOGICAL
What is the instructor’s
role?
•
•
•
•
Content
Audience
Goals
Medium
•
Design
•
•
Organization
Methods
- more facilitative than
didactic (instructorfacilitated)
- more didactic than
facilitative (instructor -led)
- a combination of both
Technological
• Infrastructure
Planning
• Hardware
• Software
Does the program
have personnel
who can assist
learners to set up
for starting the
course?
Interface
Design
•Page and Site
Design
•Content Design
•Navigation
•Accessibility
•Usability Testing
Do Web pages look good
in a variety of Web
browsers?
Interface
Design
Is the program designed to
be accessible by a wider
user population?
(A common accessibility concern in
the USA -- Is the course 508
•Page and Site Design
•Content Design
•Navigation
•Accessibility
•Usability Testing
compliant?)
Evaluation
•Assessment
of Learners
• Evaluation of
Instruction &
Learning
Environment
Does the e-learning program
have a mechanism in which a
learner can be truly measured
and not cheat?
Evaluation
Does the program have a system
to accept students’ online
evaluation of the following?
•Assessment of
Learners
• Evaluation of
Instruction &
Learning
Environment
- content
- instructor
- learning environment
- learning resources
- course design
- technical support
Management
•Content
Development
•Maintenance
Does the administration notify
students about any changes in
due dates or other course
relevant matters (e.g., server
down) via following means?
- e-mail
- Twitter
- announcement page
- alert boxes
- running footer added to a page
- phone call
- mail
- other
Resource
Support
Does the course provide
troubleshooting (or expert
technical support from
specialized staff) assistance or
a help line?
•Online Support
• Resources
Resource
Support
Does the course provide
examples of previous student's
work on the Web?
•Online Support
• Resources
Ethical
•Social/Political Influence
•Cultural Diversity
•Bias
•Geographical Diversity
•Learner Diversity
•Digital Divide
•Etiquette
•Legal Issues
To improve cross-cultural verbal
communication and avoid
misunderstanding, does the
course make an effort to
reduce or avoid the use of
jargon, idioms, ambiguous or
cute humor, and acronyms?
The “thumbs up” gesture
meaning well done in the
US, represents an
obscenity meaning in
Iraq, Iran, and Thailand.
In Bangladesh it is a derogatory term.
Ethical
•Social/Political Influence
•Cultural Diversity
•Bias
•Geographical Diversity
•Learner Diversity
•Digital Divide
•Etiquette
•Legal Issues
Is the program offered to
geographically diverse
population? If yes ...
Is the program sensitive about
students from different timezones (e.g. synchronous
communications are
scheduled at reasonable times
for all time zones
represented)?
USA (DC)
5:00 PM
(Day time)
Dhaka, Bangladesh
4:00 AM
(Night time)
Can’t schedule
a live chat.
Slide 35
Institutional
•Administrative
Affairs
Institutional Readiness
Is the institution ready
to offer online
courses to a globally
diverse population?
•Academic Affairs
•Student Services
Slide 36
Institutional
•Administrative
Affairs
•Academic
Affairs
Online Education
Quality
Does e-learning provide
academic quality such
as one would expect in
a traditional course?
•Student Services
Slide 37
Within the scope of today’s presentation, I
have presented few learning issues in the
form of questions that you can ask yourself
when planning, designing, evaluating or
implementing meaningful E-Learning for
diverse learners worldwide.
Slide 38
Bangladesh Virtual University
A Hub for Excellence in Open and Flexible Learning
In with collaborations with academic and training
institutions in Bangladesh and abroad
BangladeshVirtualUniversity.com
Slide 39
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Slide 41
Recommendation
For e-learning collaborations internationally,
please join McWeadon Facebook at the
following site:
facebook.com/mcweadon1
www.
Slide 42
Recommendation
For e-learning collaborations internationally,
please join McWeadon Facebook at the
following site:
facebook.com/mcweadon1
www.
Slide 43
References
B
K
Website: http:// adrul han.com/
Email: khan@mcweadon.com
Slide 44
Announcement
A New Book by Badrul Khan
Meaningful E-Learning
(in Bangla)
By UPL
Slide 45
All Presentation materials are
available at:
S
e onar
Bangladesh.com