Why is the heart called a double pump?
The left sideThe right side-
Superior
Vena cava
aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
LA
RA
RV
Why are there valves in the heart and
veins?
Pulmonary
vein
How does blood get moved between atrium
and ventricles?
LV
Vena cava
Evaluate the use of saline/plasma as a blood substitute.
Readily available. __tissue match needed (no ____). Ideal for emergency paramedics
to retain blood _____ and blood pressure of casualty. Reduced _______ and carbon
dioxide carrying capacity, though a little will ______ in plasma.
Evaluate the use of PFCs as a blood substitute
Very ____ – can fit through a bruised tissue / vessel. Doesn’t carry as much oxygen.
No _______ passed on. Longer shelf life of _ y____. Body breaks PFCs down quickly
4-12 hours. Weaker _____ system as a result. PFCs do not easily d_______.
Evaluate the use of haemoglobin as a blood substitute
Carries far ____ oxygen. __ tissue match needed (no _____) and therefore a longer
shelf life. Body breaks down haemoglobin quickly so constant supply needed.
Plant transport
Xylem transport water _______.
Phloem transport sugars in ___
directions.
In the roots, xylem tubes are just
found as a m____.
In the stem and leaves the xylem
and phloem are found as vascular
b______.
What is the importance of elastic fibres in arteries?
What is the importance of muscle fibres in arteries?
Evaluate the use of stents to treat coronary artery blockages.
______supressant drugs needed. Doesn’t make recipient change
diet. Drug coated stents very e________ but do not r______
unlike artificial stents.
Evaluate the using of artificial heart valves.
Very expensive. N_____need to be replaced. Will not r____.
Immunosupressant drugs not needed.
Evaluate the using of biological heart valves.
Readily available. Need _________every 15 years.
Immunosupressant drugs needed.
Evaluate the use of artificial hearts.
L______ than normal heart / un__________. No need to match
t_____ type. Immunosupressant drugs not needed.
Blood
Plasma-liquid carries blood cells and other substances e.g. glucose
and CO2.
Red blood cells contain ___________this binds to oxygen creating
oxyhaemoglobin, the oxygen can then be released to cells. This
unbinding happens faster in tissues where there is high levels as
the haemogblobin naturally becomes less oxygen s______.
White blood cells make a________, a__________
Platelets help ________ at a wound
Why is the heart called a double pump?
The left side- pumps blood to body
The right side- pumps blood to lungs
Superior
Vena cava
aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
LA
RA
RV
Pulmonary
vein
LV
Why are there valves in the heart and
veins?
To prevent the backflow of blood
How does blood get moved between atrium
and ventricles?
They contract squeezing the blood
through a valve.
Vena cava
Evaluate the use of saline/plasma as a blood substitute.
Readily available. No tissue match needed (no cells). Ideal for emergency paramedics
to retain blood volume and blood pressure of casualty. Reduced oxygen and carbon
dioxide carrying capacity, though a little will dissolve in plasma.
Evaluate the use of PFCs as a blood substitute
Very small – can fit through a bruised tissue / vessel. Doesn’t carry as much oxygen.
No diseases passed on. Longer shelf life of 2 years. Body breaks PFCs down quickly412 hours. Weaker immune system as a result. PFCs do not easily dissolve.
Evaluate the use of haemoglobin as a blood substitute
Carries far more oxygen. No tissue match needed (no cells) and therefore a longer
shelf life. Body breaks down haemoglobin quickly so constant supply needed.
Plant transport
Xylem transport water upwards.
Phloem transport sugars in all
directions.
In the roots, xylem tubes are just
found as a mass.
In the stem and leaves the xylem
and phloem are found as vascular
bundles.
Artery
Toward heart
No valves
Vein
Away from heart
Has valves
Capillary
Join artery to vein
No valves
What is the importance of elastic fibres in arteries?
Stretch to let the blood pass through
What is the importance of muscle fibres in arteries?
Withstand the high pressure of the blood flow
Evaluate the use of stents to treat coronary artery blockages.
Immunosupressant drugs needed. Doesn’t make recipient change
diet. Drug coated stents very expensive but do not reclose unlike
artificial stents.
Evaluate the using of artificial heart valves.
Very expensive. Never need to be replaced. Will not rust.
Immunosupressant drugs not needed.
Evaluate the using of biological heart valves.
Readily available. Need replacing every 15 years. Immunosupressant
drugs needed.
Evaluate the use of artificial hearts.
Larger than normal heart / uncomfortable. No need to match tissue
type. Immunosupressant drugs not needed.
Blood
Plasma-liquid carries blood cells and other substances e.g. glucose
and CO2.
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin this binds to oxygen creating
oxyhaemoglobin, the oxygen can then be released to cells. This
unbinding happens faster in tissues where there is high levels as
the haemogblobin naturally becomes less oxygen saturated.
White blood cells make antibodies, anti-toxins
Platelets help clotting at a wound