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Chpt 1 Test- pg #30
Microscope Lab #1 –pg 38
Epithelial Tissue Matching- Pg 40
Case Vignette: Brutus – Pg 41
Simple Epithelial Micro Lab- Pg 42
Stratified Epithelial Micro Lab – pg 43
Notebook Check-pg 44
Label pg 45 “Epithelial Tissue Quiz”
• NO LOOSE PAPERS!!!!!!
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes
on pg. 47
Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Essential Question:
Describe the general
characteristics and
functions of Connective
tissue. Make a tree map of
the three major cell types
(on top of pg 46)
Don’t forget to add it to your
T.O.Contents!
Ch.Ions,
5 Connective Tissue
2.1 Atoms,
and Molecules
Describe the general characteristics and
functions of Connective tissue. Make a
tree map of the three major cell types
Connective Tissues: Comprise much of the
body and are the most abundant type of tissue
 Bind structures
 provide support and protection
 fill spaces
 store fat
 produce blood cells
 protect against infection
 help repair tissue damage
* Farther apart than epithelial tissue
• C.T. has an extracellular matrix between tissue
cells. This matrix consists of fibers and a ground
substance whose consistency varies from fluid to
semisolid to solid
• Can usually divide and in most cases have a good
blood supply and are well nourished
• Bone/cartilage- rigid
• Loose C.T. such as areolar, adipose, and dense C.T.flexible
Connective Tissue: Major Cell Types
• The fibroblast is the most common
kind of fixed cell in CT.
– Produce fibers by secreting protein.
Stay in C.T. for extended periods of
time
 Macrophages originate as white
blood cells. Usually attached to
fibers, can detach and move.
Scavenger cells.
 Mast cells are large and widely
distributed. Located near blood
vessels.
Release heparin to prevent blood
clotting and histamine to promote
reactions to asthma and hay fever.
5.1 Clinical Application Questions
• What did scientists find when they looked
beyond the collagens in the matrix?
• What is the basement membrane composed of?
• What happens if the balance of the components
of the ECM are off?
• Name and explain one of the three diseases
that can result.
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes
on pg. 49
Topic: Ch. 5 Connective Tissue
Essential Question:
1. Differentiate between
loose connective tissue
and dense tissue.
2. Distinguish between
reticular and elastic
connective tissue.
Don’t forget to add it to your
T.O.Contents!
Ch. 5 Categories
of Connective
2.1 Atoms,
Ions,
and Molecules Tissue
1. Differentiate between loose connective
tissue and dense tissue.
2. Distinguish between reticular and
elastic connective tissue.
Connective Tissue: Fibers
1. Collagenous fibers are thick strands
of collagen, which is the major
structural protein of the body.
Appear white.
 flexible, can resist force
Ex: ligaments and tendons
2. Elastic fibers are bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin (a
protein). Appear yellow. Can be stretched and deformed and
will resume their shape
 Weaker than collagenous fibers but more elastic.
 Found in vocal cords and air passages. (Where elasticity is
needed).
Categories of Connective Tissue
• Loose connective tissue (areolar) forms delicate,
thin membranes throughout the body.
 Cells are mainly widely scattered fibroblasts
 separated by a gel-like ground substance that contains
many collagenous and elastic fibers.
 Binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between
muscles. Also beneath epithelium.
Figure 05.18
Figure 05.18a
Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue
• Adipose (fat) tissue Certain cells within CT store fat
within their cytoplasm.
 Cushions joints and some organs. Insulates beneath the
skin.
 Lies beneath the skin, between muscles, around the
kidneys, in the abdomen, and around the heart.
Figure 05.19
Figure 05.19a
Adipose (fat) Connective Tissue
• Reticular CT is composed of thin, collagenous fibers.
 Supports the walls of the liver, spleen, and lymphatic
organs.
Figure 05.20
Figure 05.20b
Figure 05.20a
Reticular Connective Tissue
• Dense CT consists of closely packed, thick,
collagenous fibers that can withstand pulling forces.
Blood supply poor
Make up Tendons and ligaments
Figure 05.21
Dense Connective Tissue
• Elastic CT consists mainly of yellow, elastic fibers.
 Found in attachments between vertebrae and within the
walls of the heart, larger arteries, and the larger airways.
Figure 05.22
Figure 05.22b
Elastic Connective Tissue
• Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue. Largely composed
of collagenous fibers in a gel-like ground substance.
 Support, frameworks, attachments, protects underlying
tissue, forms structural models for many developing
bones.
 Cartilage cells (chondrocytes) occupy chambers called
lucunae.
 Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage.
Ends of bones, in the nose, and in respiratory passages.
 An embryo’s skeleton begin as hyaline cartilage “models”
that bone replaces.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Elastic cartilage is very flexible. Contains many elastic
fibers.
 Ears and parts of the larynx.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Fibrocartilage is very tough. Contains many collagenous
fibers. Acts as a shock absorber.
 Intervertebral disks.
Connective Tissue
Categories
•
Bone is the most rigid connective tissue. Hardness is
due to mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium
carbonate). Also contains a large amount of collagen
for toughness.
 Bone supports, forms blood cells, and protects.
 Bone matrix is deposited by osteocytes (bone cells), which
form concentric patterns called an osteon.
Connective Tissue
Categories
• Blood is composed of cells suspended in a fluid called
blood plasma.
 Cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and cellular
fragments called platelets.
 RBCs transport gases. WBCs fight infection. Platelets are
involved in blood clotting.
Connective Tissues
General characteristics • most abundant tissue type
• many functions
• bind structures
• provide support and protection
• serve as frameworks
• fill spaces
• store fat
• produce blood cells
• protect against infections
• help repair tissue damage
• have a matrix
• have varying degrees of vascularity
• have cells that usually divide
38
Connective Tissue
Major Cell Types
Fibroblasts
• fixed cell
• most common cell
• large, star-shaped
• produce fibers
Macrophages
• wandering cell
• phagocytic
• important in injury
or infection
Mast cells
• fixed cell
• release heparin
• release histamine
39
Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagenous fibers
• thick
• composed of collagen
• great tensile strength
• abundant in dense CT
• hold structures together
• tendons, ligaments
Reticular fibers
• very thin collagenous fibers
• highly branched
• form supportive networks
Elastic fibers
• bundles of
microfibrils embedded
in elastin
• fibers branch
• elastic
• vocal cords, air
passages
40
Connective Tissues
Connective tissue proper
• loose connective tissue
• adipose tissue
• reticular connective tissue
• dense connective tissue
• elastic connective tissue
Specialized connective tissue
• cartilage
• bone
• blood
41
Connective Tissues
Loose connective tissue
• mainly fibroblasts
• fluid to gel-like matrix
• collagenous fibers
• elastic fibers
• bind skin to structures
• beneath most epithelia
• blood vessels nourish
nearby epithelial cells
• between muscles
Adipose tissue
• adipocytes
• cushions
• insulates
• store fats
• beneath skin
• behind eyeballs
• around kidneys and heart
42
Connective Tissues
Reticular connective tissue
• composed of reticular fibers
• supports internal organ
walls
• walls of liver, spleen,
lymphatic organs
Dense connective tissue
• packed collagenous fibers
• elastic fibers
• few fibroblasts
• bind body parts together
• tendons, ligaments, dermis
• poor blood supply
43
Connective Tissues
Elastic connective tissue
• abundant in elastic fibers
• some collagenous fibers
• fibroblasts
• attachments between bones
• walls of large arteries, airways, heart
Bone (Osseous Tissue)
• solid matrix
• supports
• protects
• forms blood cells
• attachment for muscles
• skeleton
• osteocytes in lacunae
44
Connective Tissues
Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage
• rigid matrix
• chondrocytes in lacunae
• poor blood supply
• three types
• hyaline
• elastic
• fibrocartilage
• most abundant
• ends of bones
• nose, respiratory passages
• embryonic skeleton
Elastic cartilage
• flexible
• external ear, larynx
Fibrocartilage
• very tough
• shock absorber
• intervertebral discs
• pads of knee and pelvic girdle
45
Connective Tissues
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
46
Connective Tissues
Blood
• fluid matrix called plasma
• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets
• transports
• defends
• involved in clotting
• throughout body in blood
vessels
• heart
47