Public Health Emergency
Response Guide
สถานการณ์
ท่านเป็ นผูร้ ับผิดชอบด้านการควบคุมโรคในจังหวัด ได้รับรายงาน
ว่ามีผปู ้ ่ วยเสี ยชีวิตจากอาการปอดอักเสบและติดเชื้อทางเดินหายใจ ที่
โรงพยาบาลศูนย์ ๓-๔ รายพร้อมๆกัน ผูป้ ่ วยมีอาการไข้สูง หายใจหอบ
เหนื่อย การหายใจล้มเหลว จนเสี ยชีวิตอย่างรวดเร็ ว ภายใน ๒-๓ วัน
หลังจากเริ่ มมีอาการ และขณะนี้พบว่ามีผปู ้ ่ วยที่เริ่ มมีอาการติดเชื้อ
ทางเดินหายใจมารับการรักษามากขึ้นกว่าปกติ จากการประเมิน
สถานการณ์แล้ว ท่านคาดว่าอาจเป็ นโรคติดต่อทางเดินหายใจทีร่ ุ นแรง
จนเป็ นภาวะฉุกเฉินทางสาธารณสุ ขได้ จึงเสนอให้เปิ ดศูนย์ตอบโต้สถาน
การฉุกเฉินทางสาธารณสุ ข
ในการตอบโต้เหตุการณ์น้ ีท่านมีแนวทางปฏิบตั ิอย่างไร?
วัตถุประสงค์
• บุคคลากรสาธารณสุ ขที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการตอบโต้ภาวะฉุกเฉิ นทาง
สาธารณสุ ข สามารถริ เริ่ มกิจกรรมการตอบโต้สถานการณ์
ฉุกเฉิ นภายใน ๒๔ ชัว่ โมงแรกได้อย่างถูกต้อง
• สามารถปรับใช้แผนปฏิบตั ิการฉุกเฉิ น, แนวทางปฏิบตั ิ,
ทรัพยากรที่เกี่ยวข้อง, และระบบการตอบโต้เหตุการณ์ ให้เข้ากับ
สถานการณ์
• สามารถประสานการปฏิบตั ิตามแผนกับหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้อง
และชุมชนได้อย่างถูกต้อง
http://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/responseguide.asp.
Scope
• Public Health Emergency
Preparedness Assumption
• Public Health Emergency Response
Functions and Tasks during the Acute
Phase
• Ongoing Public Health Emergency
Response Functions and Tasks
Focus on First 24 Hours
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Three response timeframe
Immediate (Hours 0-2)
Intermediate (Hours 2-6 and 6-12)
Extended (Hours 12-24)
Public Health Emergency
Preparedness Assumption
• Public Health Department must
engage in preparedness activities
• Completion of the following activities
prior to an incident is essential to a
successful response effort
Establish close working relationship
and mutual-aid agreement with:
Emergency management agency (EMA)
Emergency Medical Service (EMS)
Medical/Health/Behavioral care
providers
Fire, Law enforcement, and Other
organizations
Local Emergency Planning Committee
NGOs, Volunteers, Neighboring, etc.
Participate in hazard vulnerability and risk
assessment for your area(s).
Conduct capacity assessment
Acquire resources and surge capacity
Develop plans, procedure, guideline that
are consistent with those used by other
response agencies and organizations
Develop operational objectives for PHER
Develop basic system for surveillances
and registry with appropriate archiving
systems
Develop plans, procedures,
guidelines for public affairs and risk
communication
Engage in resource typing and
credentialing for personnel,
resources, and assets for emergency
response
Ensure that public health personnel
are trained and certified in safety and
health practice (PPE, on-scene)
Provide orientation and training to
public health response personnel
Participate in planning, design,
and conduct exercises to evaluate
PHEP&R
Participate in after action reviews
of exercise and actual incidents
Immediate Response: Hours 0-2
• Assess situation
• Contact key health personnel
• Develop initial health response objectives
and Establish an action plan
• Public health participation in Emergency
Operations Center (EOC)
• Ensure that the site health and safety plan
(HASP) is established, reviewed, and
followed
Immediate Response: Hours 0-2
• Establish communications with key health
and medical organization
• Assign and deploy resources and assets
to achieved established initial health
response objectives
• Address requests for assistance and
information
• Initiate risk communication activities
Public Messages in Crisis
•
•
•
•
•
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STARCC Principle
S: Simple
T: Timely
A: Accurate
R: Relevant
C: Credible
C: Consistent
Source: Reynolds, B., Crisis and Emergency Risk
Communication by Leaders for Leaders. Atlanta, GA:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004
When engaging in risk communication,
build trust and credibility by
expressing . . .
– Empathy & Caring
– Competence & Expertise
– Honesty & Openness
– Commitment & Dedication
Top Tips.
•
•
•
•
Don’t over reassure
Acknowledge uncertainty
Express wishes (“I wish I had answers”)
Explain the process in place to find
answers
• Acknowledge people’s fear
• Give people things to do
• Ask more of people (share risk)
As a spokesperson
•
•
•
•
Know your organization policies
Stay within the scope of responsibility
Tell the truth. Be transparent
Embody your agency’s identity
CONSISTENT MESSAGE ARE VITAL
Source: Reynolds, B., Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication.
Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002.
Immediate Response: Hours 0-2
• Engage legal counsel as part of the
emergency response effort
• Document all response activities
Intermediate Response: Hours 2 – 6
• Verify that health surveillance
systems are operational
• Ensure that laboratories likely to be
used during the response are
operational and verify their analytical
capacity
• Ensure that the needs of special
populations are being addressed
Intermediate Response: Hours 2 – 6
• Health-related volunteers and
donations
• Update risk communication
messages
Intermediate Response:
Hours 6 – 12
• Collect and analyze data that are
becoming available through health
surveillance and laboratory systems
• Prepare and update information for
shift change and executive briefings
Intermediate Response:
Hours 6 – 12
• Prepare for state and federal onsite assistance
• Assess health resource needs
and acquire as necessary
Extended Response:
Hours 12 – 24
• Address mental and behavioral health
support needs
• Prepare for transition to extended
operations or response
disengagement
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Environmental hazard identification
 Hazards consultation
 Epidemiological services
 Health and medical needs
assessment
 Identification of affected individuals
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
Contamination control
Health surveillance
Laboratory specimen collection and
analysis
Infectious disease identification,
treatment, and control
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Quarantine/Isolation
 Public health information
 Risk communication
 Responder safety and health
 Health and medical personnel
resources
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Health and medical equipment safety
and availability
 Health-related volunteer and
donation
 Coordination
 In-hospital care
 Evacuation
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Sheltering
 Special populations needs and
assistance
 Mass trauma
 Mass fatality
 Mortuary service
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Mental/behavioral health care and
social services
 Potable water
 Food safety
 Vector control and pest management
disposal
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Wastewater and solid-waste
management/ disposal
 Building/facility assessment
 Sanitation/hygiene service
 Continuity of public health programs,
services, and infrastructure
ONGOING PUBLIC HEALTH
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
FUNCTIONS AND TASKS
 Veterinary services
 Animal rescue/control/shelters
 Long-term community recovery
Template 1: Documentation of
contacts & actions
Template 2: Health department
personnel emergency contact
information
Template 3: State, local, tribal
emergency contact information
Template 4: Leadership assignment
Template 5: Incident-specific public
health preparedness