Multinational Planning
Augmentation Team
Humanitarian Assistance /
Disaster Relief
Mission Analysis
Purpose
 Discuss
Techniques and Procedures for
conducting an operational level mission
analysis for multinational humanitarian
assistance / disaster relief operations
–
–
First step of Commander’s Estimate process
Operational level (includes strategic military and
politico-military objectives)
References

JP 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations, 1 Feb 1995
JP
3-07.6, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for
Foreign Humanitarian Assistance, 12 Dec 2000

JP 3-16, Joint Doctrine for Multinational Operations,
5 April 2000

JP 5-00.2, Joint Task Force Planning Guidance and
Procedures, 13 Jan 1999

CJCSM 3500.05, JTF Headquarters Master Training Guide,
15 Apr 1997

US-Thailand HQ and Staff Planning Standing Operating
Procedures (SOP), 17 February 1998
Crisis Action Planning Process
C
R
I
S
I
S
I
Situation
Development
II
Crisis
Assessment
III
Course of
Action
Development
IV
Course of
Action
Selection
V
Execution
Planning
OPORD
&
Deployment
Data Base
VI
Execution
And/or
Warning
Order
I
Mission Analysis/
Restated Mission
II
Course of Action
Development
Planning
Order
III
Analysis of
Opposing
Courses of Action
Alert
Order
IV
Comparison of Own
Courses of Action
Commander’s Estimate Process
Execute
Order
V
Commander’
s
Mission Analysis Objectives

Common understanding of the problem

CTF restated mission

Most probable & most challenging or
dangerous potential change in the situation

Commander’s guidance & approval to
continue planning
Mission Analysis
Joint Planning Group
Personnel
JIC
Air/Sea
Lift
TPFDD
IO
Comms
Core planning
group
Legal
SOF
PSYOPS
Fires
Engineer
Civil
Affairs
Component
LNOs
Public
Affairs
Logistics
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Determine Known Facts, Current
Status, or Conditions

Tasking from the National strategic command of the
lead nation (HHQ) will normally include the following:
–
–
–
–

Situation Update
Force Structure
Time Constraints
Command Relationships
Can come in the form of a WARNING ORDER, ALERT
ORDER, or PLANNING ORDER
Determine Facts -- CTF Staff
 Using
all sources, identify significant and
militarily relevant aspects of the environment
and the situation
 Staff sections determine:
–
–
Current status or condition
Other known facts
 Monitor
Joint Planning Group (JPG) outputs
Determine Facts -- C2 /
Combined Intelligence Support Element
(CISE)
 Define
the operational environment
 Describe the effects of the environment on
military operations
 Evaluate the threat (belligerents, disease, etc.)
 Develop or implement multinational intelligence
sharing plan
 With JPG determine most challenging or
dangerous potential change in the situation
Determine Facts -- JPG

HHQ mission, intent, concepts

Forces available, readiness status of CTF
structure

Review lift priority and allocation

Other forces / organizations available
 Host
nation’s / coalition governments’ political
situation

Host nation ability to respond
 Time
analysis
Determine Facts -- C4
 Logistical
readiness of the force
 Availability
of support and infrastructure in
operations area
 Deployment
 Host
estimates
nation support (HNS)
 Requirements
versus capabilities analysis
APODs
APOD
Diego Garcia
Bahrain
City X
Suburb X1
City Y
City Z
Runway
Capability
MOG
Fuel
Maintenance
C-5
6
30,000
No
Determine Facts -- C5
Political Considerations
 Over
flight / basing rights
 Transient
 Logistics
 Political
personnel staging
support (facilities and HNS)
considerations may take the form of
assumptions
Determine Facts -- C6
 Available
communications resources
 Communications
readiness of available
forces
 Establish
communications
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Assumptio
n
“ A supposition on the current situation, or a
presupposition on the future course of events,
either or both assumed to be true in the
absence of positive proof, necessary to enable
the commander, in the process of planning, to
complete an estimate of the situation and
make a decision on the course of action.”
JP 1-02
Develop Assumptions
 Replace
 May
missing or unknown facts in planning
cover
–
Belligerent Situation
–
Friendly Situation
–
Success of supporting operations
–
Environment
 Must
be logical, realistic, and essential for
planning to continue
 Never
assume away belligerent capabilities
Example Planning Assumptions

Country GREEN will allow use of
its ports and air heads for transit
of coalition forces

No country RED support is
expected in the operations area
during the operation

Country GREEN will allow over
flight rights to coalition aircraft

Number of forces will remain
unchanged for the next 72 hours

Country BLACK will not
contribute troops, but will supply
basic foodstuffs daily

Expect annual average seasonal
rainfall

Shipping will be available when
country BLUE formally joins
coalition
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Analyze HHQ Mission and Intent
 Political
 HHQ
end state
mission, intent, and strategic military end state
 Define
and analyze the operations area
 Identify
tasks from outside the military
–
National public statements
–
National political influence: are there any limitations?
–
International organizations (IO), non-governmental
organizations (NGO), & regional organizations involved
–
Contracts with private businesses
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Determine Limitations
 Limitations
placed on the CTF
–
Constraints: Things the CTF must do
–
Restraints: Things the CTF cannot do
 Imposed
 Implied
by higher headquarters
by conditions, circumstances
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Determine Centers of Gravity
 “Those
characteristics, capabilities, or
locations from which a military force derives
its freedom of action, physical strength, or will
to fight.”
 Both belligerent and friendly centers of gravity
are analyzed
–
Used as a tool to help determine strengths and
weaknesses
 Some
examples of friendly centers of gravity
for HA / DR include:
–
Airlift, speed of response, coalition cohesion
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Mission Analysis
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis Brief
Identify Tasks
 Specified
 Implied
-- Stated in the HHQ directive
-- Not stated, but necessary to do the
mission
 Essential
-- Of the above, those which must
be done to achieve success
Mission Analysis Worksheet
Tasks
Specified
Implied
Essential
(1) Provide humanitarian assistance & disaster relief
(3)
(4)
(1) Establish food distribution centers
(2) Coordinate with IOs & NGOs
(3)
(1) Provide humanitarian assistance & disaster relief
(2)
(3)
1. Specified are stated in the HHQ directive
2. Implied are not stated, but necessary to do the mission
3. Essential are those which must be done to achieve success
Specified & Implied Tasks
TASK
Army Navy
AF
USMC
x
1. Initial Assessment
2. Interface w/ NGOs
x
x
3. Port security
x
x
4. Provide security for camps
5. Provide temporary shelter
6. Provide ground transport
x
x
x
7. Distribute food & water
8. Provide air traffic control
SOF
x
x
All specified and implied
tasks should be assigned to
a CTF component
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Initial Force Structure Analysis
 Capabilities
required to accomplish tasks?
 What
non-traditional / non-military tasks can be
performed by military forces?
 What
coalition forces do we already have?
 What
are the shortfalls?
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Initial Risk Assessment
 What
are the risks associated with the mission
assigned by HHQ (looting, mission creep)?
 Do
limitations, assigned tasks or assumptions
create risk?
 Where
 What
is HHQ willing to accept risk?
can we do to minimize risk?
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Operational End State
Achieving the desired end state seldom, if ever,
ends international efforts to protect interests in a
situation. The term end state simply represents the
set of conditions necessary to resolve a crisis and
transition from predominant use of the military
instrument of national power to other instruments.
Determine End State
 Review
HHQ guidance
 Consider
conditions for transition of the mission
to nonmilitary organizations
 Consider
conditions necessary to support the
population once military operations terminate
 Specifically
describe and record end state
conditions
–
Example HA / DR end state conditions: food
distribution reestablished, refugee camps
established, basic infrastructure restored
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Restated Mission

Who: CTF
 What:
Essential tasks

When: When directed by HHQ

Where: Combined operations area

Why: Operational end state
Sample Mission Statement
 When
directed, CTF conducts humanitarian
assistance operations in Country X in order to
minimize human suffering and enable local
populace to recover from destruction caused
by recent tsunami.
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine Centers of Gravity
Identify Tasks to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Mission Analysis Briefing


Chief of Staff or
C3 / C5

C2





Purpose and agenda
Area of operations
(Combined Operations Area)
Initial intelligence estimate
Most probable future
situation
Most challengeing /
dangerous future situation
Center of Gravity Analysis
Mission Analysis Briefing

C3/C5





HHQ mission, intent &
concept of operations
Forces currently available
(from all troop contributing
nations)
Assumptions
Limitations - must do &
cannot do
Centers of gravity / decisive
points - belligerent and
friendly
Mission Analysis Briefing

C3/C5 (continued)






Tasks to be performed:
– Specified
– Implied
– Essential
Initial CTF force structure
analysis
Risk assessment
End state
Proposed mission statement
Time analysis - including
projected planning milestones
Mission Analysis Briefing

C1

Facts, assumptions, conclusions
– Personnel actions
– Personnel services
– Other personnel related support

C4

Facts, assumptions, conclusions
– Supply
– Services
– Health services
– Transportation
– Other

Others

Others as appropriate to the
mission
Task Steps
Determine the Facts
Develop Assumptions
Analyze Mission & Intent
Determine Limitations
Determine
Centers
of Gravity
Identify Tasks
to be Performed
Initial Force Structure Analysis
Conduct Initial Risk Assessment
Determine the End State
Develop Mission Statement
Mission Analysis
Mission Analysis Brief
Crisis Action Planning Process
C
R
I
S
I
S
I
Situation
Development
II
Crisis
Assessment
III
Course of
Action
Development
IV
Course of
Action
Selection
V
Execution
Planning
OPORD
&
Deployment
Data Base
VI
Execution
And/or
Warning
Order
I
Mission Analysis/
Restated Mission
II
Course of Action
Development
Planning
Order
III
Analysis of
Opposing
Courses of Action
Alert
Order
IV
Comparison of Own
Courses of Action
Commander’s Estimate Process
Execute
Order
V
Commander’
s