Stakeholders
and
stakeholder analysis
Project Cycle Management
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A short training course in project cycle management for
subdivisions of MFAR in Sri Lanka
MFAR, ICEIDA and UNU-FTP
Ministry of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (DFAR)
Icelandic International
Development Agency (ICEIDA)
United Nations University Fisheries
Training Programme (UNU-FTP)
Sri Lanka
Iceland
Iceland
Content
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Definition of stakeholder and stakeholder analysis
Examples of stakeholders
How to categorize and evaluate stakeholders
Example of stakeholder analysis. A case study on
post harvest losses
Learning objectives
• After this lecture participants will be able to
identify, categorize and evaluate key-, primaryand secondary stakeholders and carry out a
stakeholder analysis
Stakeholder analysis
• A stakeholder analysis is a technique to identify
and assess the importance of key people,
groups of people, or institutions that may
significantly influence the success of an activity
or project
What is a stakeholder?
• A stakeholder is any individual, community,
group, or organization with an interest in the
outcome of a programme, or a project, either as
a result of being affected by it positively or
negatively, or by being able to influence the
activity in a positive or negative way
Organizational stakeholders
Stakeholders
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NARA
International
NGO´s
Developmental
Agencies
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AND CONT..
Stakeholder analysis
• Identification of all stakeholders involved
– stakeholders which may be affected by the problem
or the project are identified
• Categorization of the stakeholders
– all relevant stakeholders are categorized according to
criteria relevant for the specific project (active,
beneficiaries, affected, supporters, opponents)
• Detailed analysis of selected stakeholders
– more detailed analysis of selected stakeholders
(characteristics, relations, interest, power)
Stakeholder analysis for post
harvest losses
Categorization of stakeholders
• Key stakeholder
– Those who can significantly influence or are
important to the success of an activity
• Primary stakeholder
– Those individuals and groups who are ultimately
affected by an activity, either as beneficiaries
(positively impacted) or those adversely
impacted
• Secondary stakeholder
– All other individuals or institutions with a stake,
interest or intermediary role in the activity
Post harvest losses
Characteristics of stakeholders
Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
Post Harvest Losses
Stakeholder and basic
characteristics
Fishers:
People who earn their living by
operating and/or owning fishing
vessels to harvest marine and
inland fish resources, or
cultivated inland fish. Low- or
middle-income earners, small
or middle scale family
businesses, women actively
involved in fish processing
Interests and how
affected by the
problem(s)
Maintain and improve their
means of livelihood, PHL are
affecting their income and
therefore possible future
benefits.
Boat owners:
People who own fishing vessels PHL are having direct impact
and operate in the fishery
on their income.
industry, or rent out their
vessels.
Capacity and
motivation to bring out
change
Possible actions to
address stakeholder
interests
High interest of minimizing
PHL.
Weak capacity to
bring about change.
Implementing better sanitary
practices on board vessels.
Shortening fishing trips.
Increased use of clean ice.
Introducing the use of insulated
boxes/containers for fish.
Highly interested in reducing
PHL Lack of financial and
technical capacity to bring
about significant changes.
Influence boat designers to
improve design, reinvest in
more suitable vessels, control
the length of fishing trips,
introduce better onboard fish
handling, raise awareness on
fish quality and address ways to
lengthen shelf life of fresh fish
that could in
Importance / Influence of stakeholders
Importance / Influence Matrix
Importance / Influence Matrix
High Importance /
Low Inf luence
A
High Importance /
High Inf luence
B
Shows stakeholders of high importance
to the activity, but with low influence.
They require special initiatives if their
interests are to be met
C
Shows stakeholders of high importance to the
activity who can also significantly influence its
success. Managers will need to develop good
working relationship with these stakeholders to
ensure an effective coalition of support for the
activity
D Shows stakeholders with high influence, who
Shows stakeholders who are of low priority
but may need limited monitoring
can affect outcome of the activity, but whose
interest are not the target of the activity
They are unlikely to be the focus of the
activity
These stakeholders may be able to block the
activity and therefore constitute a killer risk
Low Importance /
Low Inf luence
Low Importance /
High inf luence
Importance / Influence matrix
• Those included in Boxes A, B and D are the
main stakeholders in the activity
– They can significantly influence it or are the most
important stakeholders if the activities/objectives are
to be met
• Stakeholders in box C are low priority but may
need limited monitoring
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
5.
Influence / Importance of stakeholders
Post Harvest Losses
Key Stakeholders
Fishers
Boat owners
Aquaculture producers
Government
Primary Stakeholders
Community based
organizations
6. Fish markets - retail
outlets
7. Fish exporters
8. Ice suppliers
• Secondary
Stakeholders
9. Boat/ship builders and
designers
10. Harbor management
11. Private service
business
12. Fish buyers
References
• Department for international development (2002). Tools for
development: A handbook for those engaged in development
activity. Downloaded 1st March from:
http://www.unssc.org/web1/ls/downloads/toolsfordevelopment
%20dfid.pdf
• European Commission (2004). Project Cycle Management
Guidelines. Downloaded 1st March from:
http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/qsm/documents/pcm_manual_2
004_en.pdf
• Management Science for Health (1998). Stakeholder
Analysis. Downloaded 25th of May 2007 from:
http://erc.msh.org/quality/ittools/itstkan.cfm