Module 5.1.6
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and
Social Issues
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 1
Rationale and Responsibility
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The details given in the following slides are points for
consideration.
On many occasions, a point has been made, but the
advantages and disadvantages of the point have not been
covered. This is intended to lead to discussion.
Questions asked are likely to be set within the context of a
scenario and answers must be relevant to the scenario.
As the world of ICT moves quickly, it is YOUR
responsibility to keep up with new innovations, etc.
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 2
Basis of Module 5.1.6
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This module is a discussion module.
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A discussion is an extension of an explain-type answer
but the candidate also has to include a relevant
conclusion.
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The answers expected include a discussion of both the
advantages and disadvantages.
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It is therefore necessary to have a wide knowledge of the
subject area and have an opinion.
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 3
Impact of ICT on Organisations
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Change in organisational structure
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Reduced number of employees
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Increased technical departments
Importance of support network for machines
Automation
Increased technical services
Less office space/shop floor space
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©G. Millbery 2003
Equipment is not compact
Air conditioning
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 4
Impact of ICT on Organisations
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Reliance on Computers
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Changeover
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Decrease of downtime
Training of staff
Changeover of data
Effect on customers during changeover period
Increase in employees?
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©G. Millbery 2003
Network managers
Technicians, etc.
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 5
How communication systems have
changed our use of ICT - Travel
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Video conferencing
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Advantages
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Cost of travel
Cost of Time
Multiple people in a conversation
Complete accurate record of conference
Exchange of ideas
Disadvantages
» No face to face confrontation
» Body language is limited
» Time differences
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 6
How communication systems have
changed our use of ICT - Privacy
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Transmission of information worldwide
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Advantages
» Use of Encryption
» Circuit switching v packet switching for mail delivery
» Personal Privacy implemented – personal life, financial
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Disadvantages
» Employees misusing facilities
» Governments and terrorism/crime
» Tapping into signal
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 7
How communication systems have
changed our use of ICT
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Communication skills
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Incorporation into everyday tasks and devices
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Spelling in E-mails “r u ok”
Verbal skills have less emphasis – more e-mail
Body language not needed- e-mail and video conferencing
Social skills limited as not required in on-line
“Internet fridge” – linked to on-line ordering
Transfer of data via shoes
WAP phones, TVs e-mail phones, etc.
Use of networks/collaborative working
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©G. Millbery 2003
Send e-mails of work anywhere in the world and receive replies
Sharing of ideas – Human Genome Project
Use of internet for finding data – resources for research
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 8
Social Impact of ICT on Individuals
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Eroding work/social boundaries through
teleworking
The facility to shop from home on the Internet
Job satisfaction
Ease of tasks
Benefits to the disabled and elderly
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 9
Social Impact of ICT on Individuals
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Shopping
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Advantages
» Home deliveries
» Availability of choice / size
» No national boundaries
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Disadvantages
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©G. Millbery 2003
Problems returning
May not get required item, but a replacement
Cannot check quality
Dangers of fraud
Unemployment – small shops
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 10
Social Impact of ICT on Individuals
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Teleworking
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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©G. Millbery 2003
Less pollution – traffic
Flexible working hours
Less money spent on child minders
More time to spend with family
No pressure of boss looking over shoulder
Less control over workforce
No social aspects of work
Less reliability over deadlines
Geographical diversity of employees
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 11
Social Impact of ICT on Individuals
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Benefits to the disabled and elderly
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Advantages
» Specifically designed hardware (e.g. puff-suck switch, foot mouse, etc)
» No difference when on-line between one person and the next
» Time for use (during the day)
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Disadvantages
» Increased use clogging bandwidth
» More discerning in spending of money – less profit
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 12
Social Implications of Computers
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Changing Employment Locations
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Drawbacks of ICT
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Amount of personal data stored on computer
Increased opportunity for criminal activities
Time wasting – games, on-line, addiction
Health Problems – RSI, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Dependence on Computers
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Use of communication technology leads to geographically remote
employees
Teleworking increasing
Social Dependence on chat rooms, e-mail etc.
Power failure and consequences
Virus and computer security
Retraining of Individuals
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 13
Impact of ICT on Society
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Home
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Education
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Medicine
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Commerce with reliance on automated systems
such as ATMs
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 14
Impact of ICT on Society
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Home
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Gadgets – Washing Machine, Microwaves, etc
Control and protection of environment
» Alarms, Ventilation, Heating
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Control of finances via internet
Order food and goods without leaving the house
Education
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Computer Aided Learning (CAL)
» Instant Feedback
» Learning at the students pace
» Re-cover ground not understood
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Distance Learning via technology
» E-mail work
» Video Conferencing
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Computer Based Training
» Video
» Simulators
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 15
Impact of ICT on Society
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Medicine
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Expert Systems
» (MYCIN) to aid diagnosis
» Internet Dr Sites
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Databases of drugs and side effects
Records of Patients
» Use of E-mail to send records from Dr to hospital
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Monitoring – Intensive care beds
Production of Prescriptions
» Can even be sent to pharmacist
©G. Millbery 2003
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 16
Impact of ICT on Society
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Business
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Communication
» Fax, Tele/Video Conferencing
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Storage of Information
» Databases, Spreadsheets
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Management Information Systems
Commerce
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Transactions
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©G. Millbery 2003
Banks – Switch, EFTPOS
Internet and secure shopping
Advertising on the internet
Loyalty Cards and Points
ATMs – replace staff in banks
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 17
Impact of ICT on Society
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Manufacturing
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Computer Aided Design
» Simulations, Modelling
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Computer Aided Manufacture
» Computer Controlled Robots
 Greater consistency
 Longer working hours
 Geographically remote location
 No need for windows, lights, etc
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©G. Millbery 2003
Increase in support staff
Decrease in skilled workers
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
Slide 18
Changing patterns of UK Workforce 1841 - 1978
65
60
55
50
% 45
o
40
f
W
o
r
k
f
o
r
c
e
35
30
25
20
Secondary (m anufacturing)
15
Tertiary (services)
Prim ary (agriculture)
10
5
0
1841
1851
1861
1871
©G. Millbery 2003
1881
1891
1901
1911
Years
1921
1931
1941
The Role and Impact of ICT: Legal, Moral and Social Issues
1951
1961
1971
1978
Slide 19