MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
SYSTEM
Unit II :Information System and Organization
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
•
What is an organization?
•
Features of organizations
•
Routines and business processes
•
Organizational politics
•
Organizational culture
•
Organizational environments
•
Organizational structure
•
Other organizational features
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

The Two-Way Relationship Between
Organizations and Information Technology
This complex two-way
relationship is mediated by
many factors, not the least of
which are the decisions
made—or not made—by
managers. Other factors
mediating the relationship
include the organizational
culture, structure, politics,
business processes, and
environment.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF A MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Provides reports with fixed and standard
formats




Hard-copy and soft-copy reports
Uses internal data stored in the computer
system
End users can develop custom reports
Requires formal requests from users
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
KIND OF SYSTEM
GROUPS SERVED
STRATEGIC LEVEL
SENIOR MANAGERS
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
MIDDLE MANAGERS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
KNOWLEDGE AND
DATA WORKERS
OPERATIONAL
LEVEL
SALES &
MARKETING
OPERATIONAL
MANAGERS
MANUFACTURING
FINANCE
ACCOUNTING
HUMAN
RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT
DIFFERENT ORGANIZATION LEVELS
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)
 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(MIS)
 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)
 KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)
 OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)
 TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)
*

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS (TPS)

OPERATIONAL LEVEL

INPUTS: TRANSACTIONS, EVENTS

PROCESSING: UPDATING

OUTPUTS: DETAILED REPORTS

USERS: OPERATIVE PERSONNEL

EXAMPLE: ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS (KWS)

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

INPUTS: DESIGN SPECS

PROCESSING: MODELLING

OUTPUTS: DESIGNS, GRAPHICS

USERS: PROFESSIONALS, TECHNICAL STAFF

EXAMPLE: ENGINEERING WORK STATION
SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM
ORGANIZATION
AND
OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)

TOWARD A “PAPERLESS” OFFICE

INTEGRATED SOFTWARE

NON-STRUCTURED DATA

EXAMPLE: PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(MIS)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL

INPUTS: HIGH VOLUME DATA

PROCESSING: ROUTINE REPORTS, SIMPLE MODELS, LOWLEVEL ANALYSIS

OUTPUTS: SUMMARY REPORTS AND EXCEPTION REPORTS

USERS: MIDDLE MANAGERS

EXAMPLE: ANNUAL BUDGETING
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS)

MANAGEMENT LEVEL

INPUTS: LOW VOLUME DATA

PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE

OUTPUTS: DECISION ANALYSIS

USERS: PROFESSIONALS, STAFF

EXAMPLE: CONTRACT COST ANALYSIS
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS)

STRATEGIC LEVEL

INPUTS: AGGREGATE DATA

PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE

OUTPUTS: PROJECTIONS

USERS: SENIOR MANAGERS

EXAMPLE: 5 YEAR OPERATING PLAN
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
STRATEGIC INFO SYSTEM:
CAN CHANGE GOALS, PROCESSES,
PRODUCTS, SERVICES OR
ENVIRONMENT
TO GAIN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
Information Systems
 Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment and
enlightenment

Businesses - Decision making, problem solving
and control
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
 Data

vs. Information
Data
A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture
 Represents something in the real world
 The raw materials in the production of information


Information
Data that have meaning within a context
 Data in relationships
 Data after manipulation

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
HOW IS EFFECT THE ENVIRONMENT
 Information Systems Careers


Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning
(ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist,
consulting, etc.
Knowledge Workers
Managers and non-managers
 Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how
to use information technology.


Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional
Literacy

Key to full participation in western society
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES
THE NOT-SO-BRIGHT SIDE
 Consumer

Organizations collect (and sometimes sell)
huge amounts of data on individuals.
 Employee

Privacy
Privacy
IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress.
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION

Freedom of Speech


IT Professionalism


IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,
intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention
may abridge free speech.
No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals-unlike other professions.
Social Inequality

Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC;
less than 3% have Internet access.