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Application in Construction
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Why automate construction?
•
Labor efficiency is alarmingly low
•
Skilled workforce is vanishing
•
Work quality is low
•
Control of the construction site is insufficient and difficult
•
Accident rate at construction sites is high
•
Waste and trims are high (3 To 7 tons per average home; 40% of all materials used
(> 400,000 / year in US)
worldwide are for construction)
•
Low income housing and emergency shelters are critical
•
Construction is the largest sector of almost all economies
•
All other products are fabricated automatically – construction is still
largely a manual task
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Construction productivity decline
Non-farm productivity index
Construction
Productivity index
Labor productivity comparison for non-farm industries and construction industry
developed by Paul Teicholz
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Edison’s concrete houses
$175,000 for molds
More than 2000 pieces
500,000 pounds
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Automated construction in Japan
• 89 single task construction robots
• 11 different automated construction systems
This robot
absorbs
the water
which
remains
after
concrete
has been
set.
Concrete Surface Treatment Robot
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Big-Canopy high-rise pre-cast concrete construction system.
Used to construct the 26 storey pre-cast concrete 30,726m2
Yachiyodai Condominium building in Japan.
The system realized a 60% reduction in labor requirements for the frame erection.
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Form work cost structure
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ICF Homes
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Concrete filling
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Insulation
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Construction by Contour Crafting
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What constitutes construction cost?
Portion
Due to
If Automated by CC
20%-25%
Financing
Short project length and control of
time to market will dramatically
reduce this cost
25%-30%
Materials
Will be a wasteless process
45%-55%
Labor
Will be significantly reduced
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Cavities made with CC and filled with concrete
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Creating hollow depositions
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Embedding Reinforcement
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A straight wall builder
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Full scale wall sections
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Conventional and CC forms
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Conventional Structure Construction
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Adobe structures – Ageless comfort and beauty
House of
Brojerdi Kashan
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Interior of an
Adobe house
CalEarth Design
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House made with vaults and domes
Interior of an
Adobe house
CalEarth Design
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Ingenious methods
Manual construction of adobe form structures
using clay bricks (Source: Khalili, 2000)
A vault structure made of clay bricks
(Source: Khalili, 2000)
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Free-standing Objects / Industrial parts
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Supportless structures created by
CC
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Adobe house Construction
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Extraterrestrial Construction
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Deployable CC
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Lunar Construction
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Road construction
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