Developments in Standardisation
for Road Pricing
GINA Workshop - 9 June 2011
Jesper Engdahl
Convenor of CEN/TC278/WG1 on Electronic Fee Collection
EFC standardisation - background
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What is a standard?
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A document approved by recognized body (CEN, ISO etc)
Voluntary in application
Intended for repeated use
Benefits – support for agreements
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Interoperability of products and services
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Open and competitive market development
Standards are more stable and enjoy broader market acceptance than
project / industry specifications
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
What support do EFC standards bring?
Technical tool-box standards
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Necessary but not sufficient basis for compatibility
Why? Changing requirements, evolving or changing technology, lack of
experiences, lack of common view
Interoperable application profile (“IAP”) standards
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Coherent selection of choices in underlying base standards – sufficient
basis for compatibility
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Based on common policies and services agreed/defined by stakeholders
Test standards
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Assessment of conformity to specification
Maintenance of standards
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Overview – EFC related standards
Architecture & technology independent
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System architecture, information exchange, security guidelines, charging
performance, non-metallised windscreen aperture
Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-based EFC
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DSRC, application data, functions, security and tests
Autonomous EFC
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Charging, communication, update, roaming,
compliance checking and localisation support
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
GPS
Architecture & technology independent - status
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7 standards
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ISO 17573, FprEN ISO FDIS 12855, TR 16092, TR 16152, TR 16040, TR
16219, TS 17574
Need for more work on technical standards?
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Security Framework - ongoing
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Test standards for Information exchange (12855)?
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Profiles for Information exchange?
Other needs?
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Consensus processes between stakeholders
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Contractual agreements, experiences
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
DSRC-based EFC - status
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6 standards
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Need for more work on technical standards?
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Security Framework – ongoing
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Charging performance – started
Overall
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EN ISO 14906, TS 14907-1/2, EN 15509, EN 15876-1/2
Most standardisation work is done
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Autonomous EFC - status
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18 standards
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Need for more work on technical standards?
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Interoperability application profiles - ongoing
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Security Framework - ongoing
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Charging performance – started
Other needs?
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Consensus processes between stakeholders
GPS
Overall
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TS 17575-1/2/3/4, TS 16407-1/2, TS 16401-1/2, TS 16410-1/2, TS 164031/2, TS 12813, TS 13143-1/2, TS 13141, TS 13140-1/2
Set of base standards finalised
Need to update the first editions based on experiences from the field
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EFC application standards overview
Tests
Frameworks
DSRC-based EFC
Requirements
14907-1
Test Procedures
EFC-tech.
independent
Autonomous-EFC
Requirements
Tests
17575-1/2/3/4
AID Auto.-EFC
XXXXX
17575-Test
17573
EFC Architecture
17574
Security Profiles
Security framework
Toolboxes
14907-2
DSRC-OBU Tests
14906
AID for DSRC-EFC
12855
Info Exchange
Charging
performance
25110
AID, IC-cards
Secure monitoring /
Trusted recorder
Profiles
15876-1/2
IAP Test
Technical
Reports
15509
IAP for DSRC-EFC
TR 16040
Urban DSRC systems
IAP for Auto-EFC
TR
First Mount OBE
TR 16092
Pre-Paid Req.
TR
Value Added Serv.
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
12813
CCC for Auto-EFC
13143-1 (/2)
CCC Test
13141
LAC for Auto-EFC
13140-1 (/2)
LAC Test
EFC standards and the European Electronic Toll
Service (EETS)
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Not the same scope
- EETS is a single service
- EFC standards support broader technical needs
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EFC standardisation supports the EETS
- by providing technical building blocks…
- … but does not have the task to deliver ”turn key” standards for the EETS
- ... this is up to the owner of the EETS
- non-technical aspects are outside the scope of CEN
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Legislators decide on the legal status of standards; EN 15509
“IAP for DSRC” is part of the EETS
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EC’s Application Guide refers to the EFC standards - not
legally binding
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EFC standards - Summary
Comprehensive set of EFC standards
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21 published
9 subject to final approval
Broad market acceptance
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DSRC-based EFC: used in more than 40 countries, 140 systems, 50 mio
vehicles…
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Autonomous EFC: market under development
Systematic review of published standards
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Incorporation of lessons learnt and technology advancement
...relevant in particular for the autonomous EFC standards
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Want to know more or participate?
Coordination of EFC standardisation : CEN/TC278/WG1
Jesper Engdahl, WG1 Convenor
Rapp Trans AG
Phone +41 61 335 78 53
e-mail: jesper.engdahl@rapp.ch
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Johan Hedin, WG1 Secretary
Hybris Konsult AB
Phone: +46 8 658 15 25
e-mail: johan.hedin@hybris.se
Is there a need for additional EFC standardisation?
CEN continues to support the European Electronic Toll Service
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Under preparation
- IAP for autonomous systems (H2/2011)
- Charging performance metrics (H2/2012)
- Security framework (ditto)
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Loose ideas for future standardisation
- Secure monitoring and trusted recorder
- Suitability for use testing support
- EFC application on a cooperative ITS station platform ...
but also broader stakeholder needs – what are your needs?
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EETS and EFC standards
EC co-financed work programme largely delivered
• 14 published
• 10 subject to formal vote – “Info exchange” and 9 test standards – publication
expected by H2 / 2011
• 3 on-going – publication expected by H2/2012
27 CEN standards support the interface definitions of the EETS
• DSRC-based (6 standards)
• Autonomous systems (18 standards)
• Technology independent (3 standards)
EETS SP
Interface 1
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DSRC charging data (EN 15509 + 15876-1/2)
Compliance checking (TS 12813 + 13143-1/2)
Localisation augmentation (TS 13141 + 13140-1/2)
Interface 3
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Toll declaration data, invoicing, exception handling,
black lists and toll context data (prEN ISO 12855)
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EETS TC
Reflections on challenges for the EETS
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Governance : ownership and management of the service
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Business case (EETS Service providers ...)
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Scalability and complexity
- Toll domain statements & Toll Chargers’ requirements
- Service level agreements ...
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Conformity to specifications and suitability for use
- Conformity to specifications : harmonization between Member States?
- Suitability for use : harmonization between Toll Chargers?
- A golden common test bench could accelerate this process?
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Overall programme of PTs
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12 PTs – 26 main deliverables
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3 European standards (ENs)
19 Technical specifications (TS)
4 Technical reports (TRs)
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4 PTs finished their tasks
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8 PTs active, 4 PTs recently launched - awaited progress on
the autonomous reqs suite
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Main deliverables – achievements to date
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DSRC : 1 EN approved
Autonomous : 4 TS published/approved
Submitted for formal vote : 4 TS, 2 TR
All works started, some are in an advanced stage
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Recent progress highlights (1)
Interoperable application profile (IAP) for CEN DSRC
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Testing standards (15876-1/2): Support for conformity evaluation and notified
bodies
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Part 1 Test suite structure and test purposes – “human readable part”: approved
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Part 2 Abstract test suite – “machine readable part”: 5 months enquiry completed
Application interface definition for autonomous systems (17575)
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Part 1 “Charging” & Part 2 “Communication” : approved
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Part 3 “Update” & Part 4 “Roaming” : submitted for formal vote
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Testing – 2 WIs approved, 2 NWI proposals subject to approval; 4 draft NWI
proposals
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Recent progress highlights (2)
OBE localization augmentation (13141 + 13140-1/2)
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Means to improve accuracy and availability
Requirements (13141) – approved
Testing Part 1 (13140-1) – submitted for formal vote
Information exchange between Service provision and Toll
charging (12855)
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Charging data, black / hot list, report billing details, claim for service usage,
enforcement related data
Subject to 5 months CEN enquiry
Compliance checking communication (12813 + 13143-1/2)
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Use : OBE in correct vehicle, vehicle data and OBE operational status
Scope: DSRC compliance initialization and interrogation model; functions, data
and security
Requirements (12813) published
Testing Part 1 (13143-1) – submitted for formal vote
Testing Part 2 (13143-2) – TC review completed
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Team of EFC standardisation experts
by courtesy of Abertis Infraestructuras, S.A.
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Charging performance metrics
and examination framework (1)
Objective
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Metrics for measuring charging performance in order to define acceptable level
of errors for charging
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Methods to ensure repeatability and comparability of test results
Scope
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Focused on GNSS-EFC methods, but parts are applicable also to DSRC/RFID
(NFC-class) -based EFC systems
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Representative of all potential road charging schemes as identified for EETS in
CEN ISO/TS 17575
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Charging performance, not positioning performance or interface and other
technical properties
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Independent of system design and internal OBE architecture
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Charging performance metrics
and examination framework (2)
Rationale
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Address and formalize performance requirements definition and metrics - Key
Performance Indicators (KPIs)
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Reliable and measurable charging is fundamental for Service level agreements
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System and vendor-independent (blind) evaluation capability
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Protect and support the interests of stakeholders, specifically road users and
toll chargers and by extension toll authorities
Policy relevance and market impact
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EETS providers and acquirers need performance guidelines.
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Key performance metrics are critical to trade in any market. E.g. vendors will
have guidance for performance specifications, product standardization, and a
possibility to commercialize the same products for multiple applications.
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GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
Charging performance metrics
and examination framework (3)
Relation to other standards / specs / projects
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Relates to the charging performance of OBE and PROXY of CEN ISO/TS 17575
EC projects:
• M/415 CEN BT 202
• GSA managed 6th and 7th FP projects (e.g. GIROADS)
• Expert Group 9 working to support the EC re Directive 2004/52/EC
GMAR initiative (www.gmaruc.com)
Time table
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Draft standard one year from inception draft
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Approved standard within two years
Resources required
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4-person team with about 120 man days (+ travel allowance) and contributions
in kind by WG members
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EFC Security Framework (1)
Objective
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Security framework required for interoperability between EFC systems, e.g.
the EETS
Scope
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Threat analysis for all relevant EFC assets
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Security measures on different levels to address the identified threats
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A trust model supporting an effective implementation of the security
measures
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Complements the EFC standards suite where necessary to deliver missing
security implementations on the interoperability interfaces. This will be
supplemented by cryptographic key management procedures.
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Supports privacy-enabled implementations of EFC schemes
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EFC Security Framework (2)
Rationale
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Framework to ensure the trust of all stakeholders in the scheme and to
protect the assets (incl data) against external or internal attacks or any
intended or unintended non-compliant activity
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The security framework provides the necessary security elements which
allow an effective implementation of the trust model and relevant security
measures
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Privacy-enables EFC solutions rely on the implementation of a proper security
framework which provides basic security services like confidentiality,
integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation
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Complement existing standards with an overall framework, including
cryptographic key management procedures.
Policy relevance and market impact
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Relevant for defining a security policy for European EFC systems and the
European Electronic Toll Service
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The CESARE IV project identified in its report 3.2 the missing security
framework to be a critical item on the road map towards EETS
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Foster development and deployment of EFC security services suitable for an
open multi-operator environment
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011
EFC Security Framework (3)
Relation to other standards / specs / projects
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Complements the EFC standards (published and underway)
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Takes into account the results from EC projects
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Road Charging Interoperability (RCI)
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Cesare IV
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Expert Group 12 of the Toll Committee of the EC
Time table
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Draft for final vote 1 year from inception draft
Resources required
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4-person team with a total of 120 man days (+ travel allowance) and
contributions in kind by WG members
GINA workshop, Lyon, 9 June 2011