23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
The Final Conference
EAM Master Programs in
Malaysia:
An overview
By:
Dr. M. Rafee Majid
Senior Lecturer &
Deputy Director
Centre for Innovative Planning and Development
Department of Urban & Regional Planning
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
81310 JOHOR BAHRU
Johor, Malaysia
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Outline
o Important Malaysian environmental regulations
o Malaysian environmental education policies
o Higher education in Malaysia
o EAM related HE in Malaysia
o Issues & Opportunities/Conclusions
Laws related to EAM
The Environmental Quality Act (EQA) of 1974…THE
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Legislation.
 Prior to EQA of 1974
o Many sectoral acts …..for early management response to environmental problems.
o Not designed to address environmental problems but to promote sound practices in
sectors.
 The EQA of 1974
o Aim - the prevention, abatement, control of pollution and enhancement of the
environment.
o Most comprehensive legislation concerning environment in Malaysia (Sham, 1997).
o BUT control oriented rather than geared towards prevention …vis-à-vis license
mechanism (Heng, 2002).
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Laws related to EAPM
Brief Overview of Environmental Law in Malaysia
 EQA Amendment of 1985
o EIA made a requirement for prescribed projects.
o Shifting of approach from CONTROL to PLANNING.
 EQA Amendment of 1996
o Introduction of Research Cess Fund & Environmental Auditing
o Emphasis more on Environmental Management and Monitoring.
Laws related to EAPM
Impact Assessment (EIA, TIA, SIA, SEA) in Malaysia
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
 E & T & S IA carried out separately.
 EIA voluntarily partially practiced in government projects beginning early
1980’s. Becomes mandatory in 1988.
 Activities subject to EIA are prescribed under Environmental Quality
(Prescribed Activities)(EIA) Order, 1987. Currently 19 Prescribed Activities.
 SIA and TIA are still an administrative requirement to be decided case by
case basis by DOE & relevant technical depts.
 SEA is still emerging. Only Dept of Town & Country Planning is beginning to
look into its possible implementation.
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Env Education & Malaysia’s Plans
 The strategic thrust in Eighth Malaysia Plan (2000-2005) includes:
– Reducing energy, materials, pollution and waste intensity of urbanindustrial activity to address air pollution, mitigate deterioration in water
quality and waste disposal.
– Increase fiscal policy and promote market-based instruments and selfregulatory among industries.
– Promote environmental performance measure and database.
– Empowering local authorities and engaging local communities.
– Enhancing land use planning, intensify biodiversity conservation and
sustainable forest management and maritime affairs.
 Aims of the National Environmental Policy of 2002:
o Integrate environmental consideration into development activities and in all
related decision making processes.
o Sets out the principles and strategies necessary to ensure that the environment
remains productive both ecologically and economically.
 One of the key areas outlined in the policy - Education and Awareness
Higher Education in Malaysia
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Brief Overview
 Public Universities (IPTA)
– 20 Universities
 Private Universities (IPTS)
– 21 Universities
– 22 College Universities
– 5 Branch campuses of foreign universities
Focus of presentation is on public universities
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Higher Education in Malaysia
TOTAL ENROLMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
YEAR 2002 - 2007
Higher Education in Malaysia
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
TOTAL MASTERS ENROLMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
YEAR 2002 - 2007
Higher Education in Malaysia
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
TOTAL PhD ENROLMENT AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
YEAR 2002 - 2007
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
~ 21,000 students
~ 19,000 students
~ 22,500 students
~ 24,000 students
~ 29,000 students
~ 21,500 students
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
•
At what level are EAM-related subjects taught?
A.
Undergraduate
• Introductory level classes concerning EIA and Env Planning & Mgmt for engineering
& planning students.
• More extensive coverage in Env Science or Env Studies curricula (such as at UPM,
UM & UKM).
B.
Graduate
• Offered by coursework masters programmes.
• Extensive coverage by environmentally-focused masters programmes (Env Mgmt,
Env Planning, Env Studies)
• Electives for environmental-related masters programmes (engineering, planning)
• Electives for PhD in some programmes.
• More than 500 students currently enrolled nation-wide.
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
• Ms. Programmes requiring EAM-related subjects
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
University
Masters Programme
UTM
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
M. Engineering (Env)
MSc (Safety, Health & Environment)
MSc (Planning – Env. & Resource Mgmt)
Master of Urban Planning
UKM
(Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia)
M.Eng (Environmental)
M.Eng (Civil)
M.Eng (Chemical)
MSc (Conservation Biology)
MSc (Plant Genetic Resource Mgmt)
MSc (Engineering Geology)
MSc (Env. Assessment & Monitoring)
MSc (Marine Science)
MSc (Engineering and Env. Geophysics)
MSc (Industrial Minerals)
UPM
(Universiti Putra Malaysia
Master of Environment
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
• Ms. Programmes requiring EAPM-related subjects
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
University
UM
(University of Malaya)
USM
(Universiti Sains Malaysia)
UIA
(Universiti Islam Antarabangsa)
Graduate
MSc (Science & Env. Mgmt)
MSc’s offered by Inst. of Postgraduate Studies
MSc (Housing)
MSc (Landscape Architecture)
MSc (Chemical Engineering)
MSc (Environmental Engineering)
MSc (Sust. River Mgmt)
Master of Urban and Regional Planning
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
Faculties/schools:
• Engineering (Civil/Chemical/Environmental)
• Urban Planning/Studies
• Environmental Sciences/Studies
University
UTM
(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
Engineering Faculties/Schools
Where are they offered?
Non-engineering Faculties/Schools
Civil Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Urban & Regional Planning
UKM
(Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia)
Civil Engineering
Environmental Science and Natural
Resources
UM
(University of Malaya)
Civil Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Environmental Engineering
Urban Studies
Biological Sciences
Economics
Law
USM
(Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Civil Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Urban Planning
Landscape Architecture
UPM
(Universiti Putra Malaysia
Civil Engineering
Environmental Sciences and
Management
UIA
(Universiti Islam Antarabangsa)
Urban Planning
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
How are they taught?
• Subjects with various names & contents.
• Can be classified into:
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
o Engineering-biased remedial
based/approach.
o Systemic planning and management
based/approach.
o Economic based/approach.
o Institutional (acts & laws) based/approach.
Engineering Faculties/Schools




Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Solid Waste Management & EIA
Environmental Engineering and Management
Safety Engineering and Environmental
Management
 Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Technologies
 Management of Environmental Risk
 Safety, Health and Environmental
Management
Non-engineering Faculties/Schools
















Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Planning & Management
Environmental Management Systems
Environmental Health and Safety
Environment and Sustainable Development
Urbanization and Environment
Environmental Economics
Environmental Law
Ethics and Environmental Conservation
Environmental Ethics
Impact Assessment and Environmental Management
Plan
Environmental Policy and Governance
Land Use and Environmental Planning
Environmental Sustainability and Management
Project Impact Assessment
Disaster Management and Planning
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
..Some Subject Lists
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Management •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Planning/
•
Design
•
•
•
Subject
Credit
Course/Program
Hours
Environmental Management
3 credits
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
3 credits
M.Eng (Env)
Water Quality Management
3 credits
Sludge Management
3 credits
Safety, Health and Environmental Management
3 credits MSc (Safety, Health
Crisis Management & Legal Aspects in SHE
3 credits
& Environment)
Occupational Health and Disease Management
3 credits
Urban & Regional management Finance
3 credits
MSc (URP), FAB
Planning of Wastewater Treatment System
3 credits
Wastewater Treatment Plant Design
3 credits
M.Eng (Env)
Sewerage System: Design, Construction, Commissioning and 3 credits
Operation
Environmental Resource Planning
3 credits
MSc (URP)
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
..Some Subject Lists
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Assessment
•
•
•
•
Engineering/ •
Technology/ •
Science
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Subject
Environmental Monitoring and Sampling
Environmental Quality Analysis
Environmental Modelling
Environmental Assessment, Risk and Sustainability
Environmental Control Technology
Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
Cleaner Technology
Principles of Environmental Engineering
River Rehabilitation
Non-Point Source Pollution
Industrial Hygiene
Resources Engineering
Pollution Control
Credit
Course/Program
Hours
3 credits
3 credits
M.Eng (Env)
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
M.Eng (Env)
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits MSc (Safety, Health
3 credits
& Environment)
3 credits
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
..Some Subject Lists
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Management
Planning/
Design
Assessment 


Subject
•
•
•
•
Environmental Management: Ecology, Audit &
Environmental Impacts
Waste Audit, Minimization and Management
Municipal Solid Waste Management
Environmental Risk Management
Environmental Management &
Energy Ecology, Environmental Audit and Impact
Assessment
Waste Minimisation & Management
Environmental Management System
Environmental and Natural Resources Economics
•
Environmental Ethics
•
•
Design of Wastewater Treatment Plant
Pollution Control Equipment Design
Sustainable Urban Design
Environmental and Risk Impact Assessment
Geohazards Inspection
Environmental Impact Analysis Technique and
Procedures
•
•
•
•
•
Credit
Hours
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
Course/Program
3 credits
M.Eng (Civil)
M.Eng (Env)
3 credits
M.Eng (Chem)
3 credits
All Courses in FS&T
3 credits MSc (Conservation Biology);
MSc (Env. Assessment &
Monitoring)
2 credits
MSc (Env. Assessment &
Monitoring),
MSc (Industrial Minerals)
3 credits
M.Eng (Env)
3 credits
3 credits
M.Eng (Civil)
3 credits
M.Eng (Civil)
3 credits
MSc (Geology Eng.)
MSc (Env. Assessment &
3 credits
Monitoring);
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
..Some Subject Lists
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Management 

Planning/
Design
Assessment






Engineering/ 
Technology/ 
Science


Subject
Environmental Law
Impact Assessment and Environmental
Management Plan
Trade, Finance, and Sustainable Development
Industrial Environmental Management
Solid and Toxic Waste Management
Research Design and Methodology for
Environmental Sciences
Environmental Impact Assessment Techniques
Environmental Research Project
Man and Ecosystem
Environmental Pollution and Treatment Technology
Urban Climate and Air Pollution
Water Pollution Control Technology
Credit
Hours
3 credits
3 credits
Course/Program
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
6 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
3 credits
Master of Environment
(M.Env)
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Management •
•
•
•
•
•
Planning/ •
Design
•
Subject
..Some Subject Lists
Credit
Course
Hours
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
4 credits
MSc (Env. Engineering)
River Management
4 credits
MSc (Sust. River
Urban Drainage Management
4 credits
Management)
Safety Engineering and Environmental Management 4 credits MSc (Chemical Engineering)
Planning Law and Administration
3 credits
MSc (Planning)
Urban and Regional Economics
Theory and Philosophy of Landscape Design
3 credits
MSc (Landscape
Principles and Theories of Design
Architecture)
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Assessment
Subject
..Some Subject Lists

Environmental Impact Assessment
Credit
Hours
4 credits


Hydroinformatics
GIS for Landscape Design
4 credits
3 credits
Methods of Planning Analysis
Water Supply Engineering
Waste Water Engineering
Sustainable Drainage System
Air and Noise Pollution Control
River Ecosystems
Hydraulic Stsructure
Hydrology and Watershed Management
Landscape Resource Management
3 credits
4 credits
Infrastructure Technology
3 credits

Engineering/ 
Technology/ 
Science







Course
MSc (Env. Engineering);
MSc (Housing);
MSc (Planning)
MSc (Landscape
Architecture)
MSc (Env. Engineering)
MSc (Landscape
Architecture)
MSc (Planning)
MSc (Env. Engineering)
4 credits
MSc (Sust. River
Management)
3 credits
MSc (Landscape
Architecture)
MSc (Planning)
EAM Master Programmes at Public
Universities
Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Subject
Matter
Management 



Planning/

Design


Assessment 


Engineering/ 
Technology/
Science
Subject
Values, Ethics and Built Environment
Planning Practice and Management
Planning and Sustainability
Environmental Law and Policy
Environmental and Resource Planning
Tourism Planning and Development
Park and Recreational Planning
Planning Models and Techniques
Planning and Decision Support System
Modeling and Spatial Analysis
Traffic Engineering
..Some Subject Lists
Credit
Hours
Course
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Master of Urban and
Regional Planning
(MURP)
EAM in neighbouring countries
A Brief Look
Faculties/Schools
NTU
(Nanyang Technological
School of Civil and
Environmental Engineering
MSc (Civil Eng.)
MSc (Env. Eng.)
MSc (Env. Science & Eng.)
Multi-faculty
MSc (Environmental
Management)
School of Design and
Environment
MSc (Building Performance and
Sustainability)
MA (Urban Design)
Master of Landscape
Architecture (MLA)
MSc (Integrated Sustainable
Design)
Faculty of Engineering
MSc (Civil Eng.)
MSc (Env. Eng.)
MSc (Safety, Health & Env. Tech.)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
University
University,
Singapore)
NUS
(National University of
Singapore)
Course/Program
EAM in neighbouring countries
Faculties/Schools
Course/Program
Mahidol University,
Faculty of Environment and
Resource Studies
MSc (Natural Resource
Management)
MSc (Technology of
Environmental Management)
MSc (Information Management
on Environments and Resources)
MSc (Industrial Ecology and
Environment)
MSc (Sustainable Environment
Planning)
MSc (Technology of
Environmental Management)
MSc (Appropriate Technology for
Resources and Environmental
Development)
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
University
Thailand
EAM in neighbouring countries
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
University
Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Faculties/Schools
Faculty of Engineering
Indonesia
Faculty of Forestry
Faculty of Geography
Course/Program
MSc (Geological Eng.)
MSc (Civil Eng.)
MSc (Natural Disaster
Management)
MSc (Waster Resource
Management)
MSc (Urban & Regional Planning)
MSc (Transportation Engineering
and System)
MSc (Forestry)
MSc (Environmental Science)
MSc (Geography)
Conclusions
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
1. Issues
i.
EAM subjects contents are biased according to the
faculties/schools offering them.
ii.
Little evidence of interdisciplinary approach to the teaching of
EAM at university level.
iii.
Overall, more emphasis on EIA but limited coverage of SIA and
SEA.
iv.
Lacking in informal forms of EAM education/training.
Conclusions
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
2. Challenges & opportunities
i.
How to make EAM education/subjects more multidisciplinary?
ii.
There are more to EAM than EIA. What about SIA, SEA and other
approaches?
iii.
How to increase informal EAM education/training to
empower/engage local communities?
iv.
How to cater for increasing number of international students?
23-24 Sept 2010, University of Graz, Austria
Tq