Dinara Peskova, PhD (Econ.), prof.
Russia
• Legality degree
• Adequacy of covering economic
activity in official statistics
• Agreement/contradiction to the
society interests
The most defining economic feature of
shadow economy
is
LACK OF OFFICIAL STATISTICAL CONTROL
therefore
Shadow economy includes all market-based
legal production of goods and services that are
deliberately concealed from public authorities
• structurally independent self-generating
system?
OR
• integral element of the whole economic
system?
• Direct (surveys of citizens and companies,
mostly referred to reveal shadow income )
• Indirect (the monetary method; the method
of technological indices; the Italian method;
balance method; econometric model
researches, etc.)
• Direct methods tend to understate the
results
• Indirect methods overstate the results
*Schneider F., Enste D. (2000) Shadow economies : Size, Causes and
Consequences [Текст] // Journal of econ. literature. – Pittsburg. – Vol. 38, №1.
• 22% of GDP gives official statics of State
Statistical Committee of RF
• 40 % of GDP- Ministry of Internal Affairs
(Police) RF
• 40,6 % of GDP – F. Schneider, A. Buehn,
Montenegro (2007)
• 50-70 % - evaluations of Russian explorers
• we offer to measure the shadow income of
the population on the basis of average
monthly earnings which are mentioned while
taking out a loan
• the largest shadow income was observed in
the construction sphere (35%), in the sphere
of wholesale and retail trade (57%), and in
the restaurant business (46%).
Restriction of the method:
it covers only that part of population which is in
need and can afford taking out a loan (does not
include the least and the most well-off social
class)