Williams High-Power Flywheel
Daniel Hertrich, P.Eng.
Senior Hydro/Civil Engineer
Renewable Power Business Unit
04/2012
2
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Mobile
Applications
Motorsport
•
•
•
•
•
Mobile solution developed by
WF1 for KERS
Used for Porsche 911 GT3 R
Hybrid
2 x 80 hp motors connected to
front wheels
Capture regen. braking energy
going into turns, increased,
4WD power out of turns
Audi etron quattro placed 1st
and 2nd in 24 hrs of le Mans
04/2012
3
High-Power Flywheel Systems - Technology
• Magnetically Loaded
Composite (MLC)
• Lower eddy current losses
in rotor
• Lower heat gain – higher
duty cycle
• Body of rotor – filament
wound carbon and glass
fibre composite
04/2012
4
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Mobile
Applications
WHP activity
• Contract with London Bus
operator to retrofit with
flywheels
• Contract with UK operator
of electric passenger rail to
study replacing onboard
resistor bank with flywheels
04/2012
5
High-Power Flywheel Systems - Technology
• High power density for short
term, cyclical storage 200
kW peak, 1.5 kWh storage
• High duty cycle (>75%)
without loss in performance
• Long life (20 yrs)
• Low standing loss (<1%)
• High round trip efficiency
(>96%)
• Fast response time (full
power <5ms)
04/2012
6
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary
Applications
Rail Traction Systems
• Energy savings (10 – 30%)
by recovering regenerative
braking energy
• Voltage support
• Emergency reserve
04/2012
7
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary
Applications
Industrial / Mining
Applications
• Peak shaving of cyclical
demands
• Reduce capital
requirements
• Energy savings through
capturing regenerative
braking energy
• More efficient operation of
generating equipment
04/2012
8
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary
Applications
Renewable Energy
• Power conditioning
– Voltage and frequency
regulation
• Wind - diesel systems
– relaxes the operating constraints
of diesel gensets – increased
penetration of wind
• Potential for diesel off
operation in small systems
04/2012
9
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Energy Storage
Lifetime Energy Throughput
Flow Battery (2x replace)
Flow Battery (1x replace)
Lead Acid Battery
33% DOD
Li I Battery
80% DOD
Ultracapacitor
100% DOD
Flywheel
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
Energy (GWh)
10.00
12.00
Lifetime Energy Cost
Flow Battery (2x replace)
Flow Battery (1x replace)
Lead Acid Battery
33% DOD
Li I Battery
80% DOD
Ultracapacitor
100% DOD
Flywheel
0
100,000
200,000
300,000 400,000 500,000
Unit Cost ($/GWh)
600,000
700,000
800,000
04/2012
10
High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary
Applications
04/2012
11
Typical Wind Diesel System in Alaska
Location
Chevak
Gambell
Hooper Bay
Kasigluk
Kokhanok
Kongiganak
Kotzebue
Mekoryuk
Quinhagak
Savoonga
Selawik
Toksook Bay
Unalakleet
Sum
Wind
Capacity
(kW)
400
300
300
300
20
450
1140
200
300
200
260
400
600
4870
Wind
Avg Capacity
Demand as % Avg
Wind
(kW) Demand Penetration
Fuel Cost
202
200%
40%
$444,450
189
160%
13%
$400,408
310
100%
21%
$623,646
261
120%
23%
$581,177
54
40%
7%
$197,581
111
410%
6%
$304,302
2389
50%
7% $4,933,056
95
210%
14%
$203,723
179
170%
15%
$392,715
201
100%
20%
$416,113
298
90%
6%
$715,986
303
130%
25%
$626,290
423
140%
21%
$702,811
Average
148%
13% $10,542,260
Diesel
Generated
1,771,216
1,655,542
2,718,449
2,282,324
474,488
970,546
20,926,715
834,234
1,564,854
1,761,360
2,614,080
2,652,659
3,706,555
43,933,022
Non Diesel
Generated
716,072
213,839
569,800
534,138
32,679
54,000
1,456,609
120,914
232,285
359,523
148,869
663,127
765,124
5,866,979
Data from ACEP and AIDEA 2011 PCE
04/2012
12
Analysis of Hybrid System in Alaska
Typical Alaska Wind System
Average Wind Penetration
Annual Wind Utilization
Annual Fuel Costs
Estimated Hybrid System
Increase in Penetration
Hybrid Penetration
Annual Hybrid Utilization
Hybrid Annual Fuel Costs
Annual Fuel Savings
Economic Comparison
Intalled Wind Capacity
Wind Unit Cost
Wind Energy Unit Cost
Est Hybrid Unit Cost
Hybrid Energy Unit Cost
13%
5,866,979kWh
$10,542,260
50%
20%
8,800,469
$9,838,334
$703,926
4870kW
$15,000$/kW
$0.62(over 20 yr life)
$16,000$/kW
$0.44(over 20 yr life)
04/2012
Williams High-Power Flywheel
Daniel Hertrich, P.Eng.
Senior Hydro/Civil Engineer
Renewable Power Business Unit
04/2012