Service Provider Wi-Fi
Bill McFarland, VP Technology, Qualcomm Atheros
PAGE 1
Outline
 System capacity discussion
 802.11u
 Wi-Fi Hotspot 2.0
 Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi small cells
PAGE 2
1000x Capacity Increase: Needed
Exponential growth in mobile data utilization
5B cumulative smartphone sales estimated for 2012 - 2016
Average traffic per smartphone nearly tripled in 2011
- 150 MB/Mo, versus
55 MB/Mo in 2010
Over the past five years, AT&T’s wireless data traffic has grown
200X
PAGE 3
3
1000x Capacity Increase: Possible!
Number of
Antennas
(4x?)
More
Spectrum
(4x?)
capacity/user ≈ n  W  log2(1+
Mitigate
Interference
(2x?)
Signal
Noise
Small
Cells!
(32x?)
)/# users
 Number of antennas limited by device size
 Spectrum limited by availability, government policy
 Interference mitigation difficult, can only go so far
 Only big lever is to substantially reduce cell size
 But cellular deployment models/economics make increasing the
number of base stations by 32x expensive and slow
PAGE 4
Why Wi-Fi?
The capacity is needed, the clients are there
The number of devices connected to IP networks will be twice as high as the
global population in 2015, up from one networked device per capita in 2010.
Cisco Visual Networking Index:
Forecast & Methodology June, 2011
Wi-Fi Enabled
Devices Shipped
2011
MU
2015
MU
Handsets
589
1,219
Tablets
59
262
Mobile Clients
648
1481
Notebooks, netbooks,
AIOs
242
347
Other Wi-Fi clients
160
415
1,050
2,243
TOTAL
Source: iSuppli, Q2, 2011 Connectivity Forecast. Other Wi-Fi-enabled clients consists of the following: printers – 41M in 2011, 69M in 2015; digital cameras –
7M in 2011; 24M in 2015; gaming consoles – 40M in 2011, 56M in 2015; handheld gaming – 36M in 2011, 35M in 2015; eReaders – 3M in 2011; 15M in 2015;
LCD TVs – 18M in 2011; 180 in 2015; DVD Players/Recorders – 12M in 2011; 29M in 2015; STBs – 3M in 2011, 7M in 2015.
PAGE 5
How Do we Make Wi-Fi a Service Provider Network?
 Transparent, hassle free services discovery (802.11u)
 Features to enable cellular offload onto Wi-Fi (Hotspot 2.0)
 Seamless operation across cellular and Wi-Fi networks (LTE/Wi-Fi
hybrid small cells)
PAGE 6
Wi-Fi Industry Standards Ecosystem Overview
Home
Plug
ZigBee
CSEP
Smart
Grid
WSA
11af
TVWS
11ah
TVWS
11ac
11ai
FILS
VHT
5G
IEEE802.11
Gen
Link
SG
11aq
PAD
NAN
‘Social
Wi-Fi’
WPS
Wi-Fi Alliance
Display
60
GHz
11u
Serial
Bus
11ad
(60 GHz)
TDLS
WFD
Svs
Hotspot
2.0
Docking
WBA
GSMA
Core
Spec
WSE
WiGig
PAGE 7
802.11u
PAGE 8
802.11u Icon Bar Displays Localized
Mobile Services (LMS)
(courtesy of Esteban Torres, Cisco)
PAGE 9
How Does 11u Change the Situation?
802.11u
Service Discovery Pre-association
Current Approach
SSID 1
SSID 1
SSID 2
SSID 2
Service
SSID 3
Service
SSID 4
Current Approach:
• Device scan for SSIDs
• End user has to associate with SSID to
discover the service in the SSID
• End user launches web browser and
enters URL to get web service
PAGE 10
SSID 3
Service
SSID 4
802.11u Approach:
• Device scans for service (not SSID)
• Prompts end-user or auto launches service
• End-user clicks on prompt, automatically
associates with SSID, and seamlessly
launches a web service
What’s Required to Implement 802.11u
 The AP needs a “service advertiser”
 The client device needs a “service launcher”
802.11u-enabled Handset
LMS
PAGE 11
GUI
Verizon
802.11u
Protocol
stack
Handset Vendor
Wi-Fi Driver
Software
Update
Handset Vendor
Integrated
into WI-Fi IC
802.11u GUI
 802.11u defines messaging and protocols, but these are straightforward
 The key will be creating GUI’s that allow users to configure this capability
easily and to their liking
My Icons:
Handset with 802.11u
Favorites
Target
Ascot
GUI
Starbucks
-
Best Buy
LMS
GUI
802.11u
Protocol
stack
LMS
Service
ON
OFF
Mode:
Open
Closed
802.11u Filters
802.11u Filters
Wi-Fi Driver
Software
Update
Show me only
Coffee houses
Hotspot
Retail stores
PAGE 12
Hotspot 2.0 (Passpoint)
PAGE 13
Problem Statement
 Service
Provider Wi-Fi is currently not easy to use (manual intervention
required) and confusing
 Web page redirection creates ease of use problem
 Absence
 Hotspot
of a standardized mechanism for connection establishment
network connectivity ≠ Network service
 Inconsistent
and limited security (local access and authentication
mechanism)
 No
indication that a session has expired – network access is suddenly
lost
Cellular : Turn on phone and make call
PAGE 14
Hotspot : Turn on Wi-Fi and ?
Find
Connection
Manager
Launch
Connection
Manager
Associate
with
SSID
?
Scan for
SSIDs
Select
Correct
SSID
Use case: Cellular-like Experience
Automatic and Secure Easy Connectivity for Wi-Fi Subscribers
Cellular
Hotspot 2.0
1. SP subscriber turns
on his phone
1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes
to AP of Home SP
2. Gets cellular service
automatically
2. Gets Wi-Fi service
automatically
3. Secure connection
3. Secure connection
Cellular Tower
(Home SP)
Hotspot 2.0 STA
(single or
dual-mode)
Cellular Device
1. SP subscriber comes
to roaming partner
1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes
to AP of Roaming Partner
2. Gets service
automatically
2. Gets Wi-Fi service
automatically
3. Secure connection
Cellular Device
Automatic and Secure
Source: WFA
PAGE 15
Cellular Tower
(Roaming
Partner)
3. Secure connection
Hotspot 2.0 STA
(single or
dual-mode)
Automatic and Secure
Hotspot 2.0 AP
(Home SP)
Hotspot 2.0 AP
(Roaming
Partner)
Scope of Work for the WFA Hotspot 2.0 Technical
Taskgroup
 Development of Specifications
 ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol) extensions to 802.11u
 Operator Policy and Sign On Procedure
 Security Enhancements
 Development of an Interoperability Testplan
 Interoperability Plugfesting
PAGE 16
Wi-Fi Passpoint (Hotspot 2.0)
PAGE 17
Name + Spec
Passpoint, based on Hotspot 2.0 Tech Spec
Description
Seamless WLAN connectivity for mobile devices, modeled on cell phone
networks
Key
Technologies
• 802.11u
• 802.1x
• EAP-SIM, AKA, TLS, TTLS, FAST
High Value Use
Cases
Enable Wi-Fi traffic offload from mobile networks to WLAN.
Device to automatically joins network using pre-loaded credentials for
preferred Service Provider Networks (Significantly better User Experience).
Target Customer
Operators, Infrastructure Vendors, Handheld OEMs, PC,
Target Products
Access Point, handheld, PC, tablet
Key
Requirements
Release 1: Streamlined network access
Release 2: Provisioning of Operator policy
Release 3: Seamless Service Across 3GPP and Wi-Fi Access
Timeframe
Release 1: launched 6/26
Release 2: late 2013
Release 3: 2014/15
Hotspot 2.0 Procedure
 Discovery: The mobile device is scanning for APs with which to associate and
for related information useful for network selection
 HS 2.0 enables an STA to discover usable APs based on Hotspot Operator Friendly
Name, Roaming Consortium list, Venue name, NAI Realm list, Domain Name list,
3GPP Cellular Network information
 Additional performance related information is available eg., BSS load, Backhaul
capacity , WAN Metrics, Connection Capability, Online Signup providers list, etc.
 Registration: The mobile device is setting up a new account with an SP or
hotspot provider. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given
hotspot, this state is short-lived.
 Provisioning: The Wi-Fi infrastructure is establishing credential information
and providing policy information to the mobile device. If the mobile device
already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived.
 Security schemes available are WPA2 Enterprise, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-TLS,
EAP-TTLS
 Access: The mobile device has successfully associated and authenticated with
the hotspot and can access the services for which the user has subscribed.
PAGE 18
Qualcomm Confidential and Proprietary — Restricted Distribution - DO
NOT COPY
HS2.0 Capabilities and Requirements
Interworking IE
Roaming Consortium IE
BSS Load IE
VENUE Name
802.11u
Network Authentication Type
Roaming Consortium List
IP Address Type Availability
 Hotspot 2.0 uses protocol defined
within the IEEE P802.11u-2011,
Amendment 9: Interworking with
External Networks
 Assist in network selection
 Assist in capabilities supported
NAI Realm List
3GPP Cellular Network Info
Domain Name List
HS Query List
 WFA defined Hotspot 2.0
extensions of the 802.11u
information elements (ANQP)
HS Capability List
Operator Friendly Name
HS2.0
WAN metrics
Connection Capability
NAI Home Realm Query
Operating Calls Indication
PAGE 19
 Elements exchanged using
802.11u (Generic Advertisement
Service) GAS frames
ANQP elements used for HS2.0 (not complete list)
 Roaming Consortium
 Indicates roaming consortium or SSP (i.e. operator) whose security credentials can be used to authenticate with the AP
 Domain Name List
 Domain Name of the entity operating the 802.11 network
 Values include: On-line enrollment supported, HTTP/S redirection
 Operator Friendly Name
 Wi-Fi client can request a list of all the mobile operators' names that are allowed to automatically
connect to the Wi-Fi hotspot. If your operator's name is on the list, your device will proceed with
connection decisions
 WAN Metrics
 Provides information on the speed of the WAN connection to the Internet.
 Connection Capability
 Provides connection status of the most commonly used communications protocols and ports.
 Network Access Identifier (NAI) Home Realm Query
 Used by the STA to determine if the NAI realms for which it has security credentials are realms
corresponding to SPs or other entities whose networks or services are accessible via this BSS.
(Which service providers can I connect to here?)
 Hotspot (HS) Query List
 Provided by STA to AP
 Carries identifiers of ANQP elements for which the mobile is querying the AP
 Hotspot (HS) Capability List
 Provides list of information configured in AP back to the mobile device
PAGE 20
Secure Access – Network Authentication Type
•
Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint is WPA2™ Secured
 Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Passpoint uses following credential type and EAP
methods
Credential Type
Certificate
EAP Method
EAP-TLS
SIM/USIM
EAP-SIM , EAP-AKA
Username/Password (with server side
certificates)
EAP-TTLS with MSCHAPv2
Secure
Access
PAGE 21
Hotspot GAS exchanges
Hotspot 2.0 capable AP Beacons and Probe Response frame include:
RSN IE(WPA2)
Interworking Element (includes HESSID and Venue Information)
Advertisement Protocol Element (Indicates ANQP)
Roaming Consortium Element(A list of roaming consortium identifier)
The Hotspot 2.0 Indication element
Hotspot 2.0 capable STAs scan for networks and discover an AP advertising Hotspot 2.0
capability.
Hotspot 2.0 capable STA uses ANQP to the AP to determine properties of the Hotspot 2.0 Access
Network. The Hotspot capable STA selects the ANQP query elements it requires to query the
Hotspot 2.0 network for Interworking Service information.
GAS Initial Request Frame( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP;
ANQP Query = {Venue Name, Network Auth, Roaming Consortium, IP Address Type, NAI Realm, 3GPP Cellular
information, Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name, WAN Metrics, Connection Capability} )
GAS Initial Response Frame( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP;
Venue Name; Network Auth; Roaming Consortium; IP Address Type; NAI Realm; 3GPP Cellular information;
Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name,; WAN Metrics; Connection Capability)
Hotspot 2.0 capable STA evaluates the response based on its Hotspot 2.0 subscription
information and associated policy and choose to associate to the AP.
NOTE SSID is not necessary to make the network selection.
Associate and WPA2 EAP Authentication
Secure WPA2 Data Connectivity
PAGE 22
Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi Small Cells
PAGE 23
LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Basic
 Definition
 Single device with LTE small cell and Wi-Fi capabilities
 Dynamic offload and hand-off between radios & networks
 Basic requirements
 Femto + Wi-Fi connection management
–
Connection method should be invisible to user
» Smart policies and control in both terminal and network
–
Smart system selection/ bandwidth management
» Link quality based selection
–
Preserve cellular management with Wi-Fi offload
» Hotspot 2.0 generalization
» Billing, roaming, authentication, security
 Co-existence
 Self organizing LTE, Wi-Fi, and LTE+Wi-Fi
PAGE 24
LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Advanced
 Advanced requirements
 Femto + Wi-Fi connection management
–
Enhanced system selection/ bandwidth management
» Mobility/ velocity, application requirements
–
Bandwidth aggregation
» TCP layer (multipath TCP)
» IP layer (Hy-Fi type)
» MAC layer
 Traffic shaping, network acceleration and backhaul
optimization for LTE+Wi-Fi flows
 RF and HW architectures, cost synergies
PAGE 25
Thank you!
PAGE 26