Section Outline
Section 37-1
37–1
The Circulatory System
A. Functions of the Circulatory System
B. The Heart
1. Circulation Through the Body
2. Circulation Through the Heart
3. Heartbeat
C. Blood Vessels
1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins
D. Blood Pressure
E. Diseases of the Circulatory System
1. High Blood Pressure
2. Consequences of Atherosclerosis
3. Circulatory System Health
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Questions to be answered
• What are the structures of the
circulatory system?
• What are the three types of blood
vessels in the circulatory system?
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Vocabulary to know for the
valve
chapter
• myocardium
atrium
ventricle
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
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Section:
pacemaker
aorta
artery
capillary
vein
atherosclerosis
37–1 The Circulatory System
A. Functions of the Circulatory System
• The human circulatory system consists of
the heart, a series of blood vessels, and the
blood that flows through them
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B.
The Heart
• A picture of the structures of the Heart is found on page 944 in
your book
• Myocardium – thick layer of muscle that the powerful
contractions pump blood through the circulatory system.
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Figure 37-3 The Structures of the Heart
Section 37-1
Superior Vena Cava
Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the
upper part of the body to the right atrium
Aorta
Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left
ventricle to the rest of the body
Pulmonary Arteries
Bring oxygen-poor blood
to the lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from each
of the lungs to the left atrium
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Valve
Prevents blood from flowing
back into the right ventricle
after it has entered the
pulmonary artery
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Prevents blood from flowing
back into the right atrium after it
has entered the right ventricle
Aortic Valve
Prevents blood from flowing
back into the left ventricle
after it has entered the aorta
Mitral Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back
into the left atrium after it has
entered the left ventricle
Left Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Vein that brings oxygen-poor
blood from the lower part of
the body to the right atrium
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Section:
Septum
Right Ventricle
1. Circulation Through the Body
Pulmonary circulation –
pathway of oxygen-poor blood that
pumps from heart to lungs
Systemic circulation – pathway
oxygen rich blood is pumped from
the heart to rest of the body
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Section 37-1
Figure 37-2 The Circulatory
System
Capillaries of
head and arms
Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
vein
Capillaries of
right lung
Aorta
Pulmonary
artery
Capillaries
of left lung
Inferior
vena cava
Capillaries of
abdominal organs
and legs
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2.
Circulation Through the Heart
Valves – flaps of connective tissue between atria and
the ventricles
Creates one way traffic of blood
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3. Heartbeat
Two networks of muscle
fibers in the heart, one in the
atria and the other in the
ventricles
Pacemaker – the nodes
that start heart muscle
contraction
The Sinoatrial node starts
the wave for the heart muscle
contraction
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The Sinoatrial Node
Section 37-1
Contraction of Atria
Contraction of Ventricles
Sinoatrial
(SA) node
Conducting
fibers
Atrioventricular
(AV) node
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C.
Blood Vessels
Aorta – the first of a series of
blood vessels that carry the
blood on its round trip through
body and back to the heart
1. Arteries
Arteries - large vessels that
carry blood form the heart to the
tissues of the body
Most of the time filled with
oxygen-rich blood
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2.
Capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest of the
blood vessels.
The walls can be 1 cell thick
Bring nutrients and oxygen to the
needed areas and absorb waste products
and carbon dioxide
3. Veins
Veins – vessels that return blood back
to the heart
many are located between skeletal
muscle this way every time you contract
you push blood back to the heart
Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels
Section 37-1
Vein
Artery
Endothelium
Arteriole
Capillary
Venule
Connective
tissue
Connective
tissue
Smooth
muscle
Endothelium
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Section:
Smooth
muscle
Endothelium
Valve
E. Diseases of the Circulatory System
Atherosclerosis – condition in which fatty deposits called
plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries. This
can cause a blockage in the blood vessels causing a
heart attack of stroke
1. High Blood Pressure
A.K.A hypertention, forces the heart to work harder and
might wear out quicker
2. Consequences of Atherosclerosis
Blood clots, can be seen blood shot eyes
Heart attack
Stroke
3.
Circulatory System Health
Cardiovascular diseases are
easier to prevent that to cure
Exercise, control weight, reduce
stress
Diet of low saturated fat and
cholesterol
Cardiovascular diseases are
also reduced by not smoking
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