Circulatory System
Study Guide
7M and 7E
Vocabulary
Relevant Terms
Parts of The Heart – know the location of each term and how they aid
in blood flow through the heart
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
rt atrium
lf atrium
rt ventricle
lt ventricle
tricuspid valve (av)
bicuspid valve (av)
pulmonary valve (semi lunar)
aortic valve (semi lunar valve)
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
aorta
After Dissection
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
visceral pericardium
myocardium
interventricular sulcus
apex
coronary artery
blood vessels
veins
capillaries
arteries
blood
plasma
platelets
white blood cells
red blood cells
hemoglobin
fibrin
liver
kidneys
heart
Review Question
1. What are the two big jobs of the circulatory system?
1. Carrying nutrients, water, and oxygen
2. Removing wastes from cells.
2. What are the three other jobs of the circulatory system?
1. Maintaining Body Temperature
2. Fighting Disease
3. Carrying Chemicals
3. Explain why people get red in the face after running around? Why does it happen faster when it is hot
out?
When someone increases their physical activity, they need more energy, so cellular respiration speeds
up. The energy is released to do work and some is released as heat. When there is an increase in
temperature, the capillaries move toward the surface of the skin an expand. This is so that the excess
heat can easily escape the body.
4. What type of muscle is the heart made up of? Blood vessels? Describe the difference in appearance.
after dissection
The heart is made up of cardiac muscle and blood vessels are made up of smooth muscle. Cardiac
muscle is thick and textured, where the blood vessels are smooth and stretchy.
5. Distinguish between the three types of blood vessels.
Arteries - Carry blood away from the heart
Veins- Carry blood to the heart
Capillaries - thin blood vessel where gas exchange occurs.
6. How does blood circulate around the heart? (use the vocabulary in the top left box)
See Video in circulatory system notes
7. What artery carries unoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery - rt ventricle to the lungs
8. What vein carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary vein - lungs to lt atria
9. Restate why veins have valves.
Veins have valves to prevent blood from pooling in your feet. When the veins contract it pushes blood
against gravity through the valve. (see notes for picture)
10. Explain how food, water, and oxygen pass from the blood vessels into the body?
Food - broken down into small molecules in the digestive track and will enter the cells through
facilitated diffusion (passive transport) or endocytosis (active transport)
11. What does blood pressure measure? Systolic vs. Diastolic?
Blood pressure measures the pressure of blood on the blood vessels when the heart contracts and
relaxes.
Systolic = Pressure when the heart contracts
Diastolic = Pressure when the heart relaxes.
12. What are some thing that affect normal blood pressure ranges?
Stress and High Fat Diet
13. Compare and contrast between heart rate and blood pressure.
Heart rate
1. Measurement of how
many times your heart
beats per minute.
2. Can be measured
multiple ways.
Both
Both are used to determine if
your health status.
Blood pressure
1. Measurement of the
pressure on the blood
vessels.
2. two numbers
3. One way to take
14. How does exercise affect heart rate? How do you know?
When you exercise you need more energy. Your heart beats faster to deliver more oxygen to your cells
to release more energy from glucose. You should also know this that you breathe heavier and have a
fast heart beat after you go up the stairs to the thirf floor:)
15. How much blood is in an adult? (gallons)
1 and 1/2 gallons
16. List the components of blood, and describe their importance in the human body.
Components of
blood
Plasma
Percentage and Job
55% Dissovles salts, chemicals, and food
RBC
44% Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide through the blood stream.
WBC
Less than 1% Fights off pathogens in the body.
Platelets
Less than 1% Clots blood when cuts occur to the blood vessels.
17. What is the role of hemoglobin? What type of macromolecule is it?
Hemoglobin is a protein that is on RBC that carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the
circulatory system.
18. Explain what happens when you get a minor cut.
WBC rush to the cut to attack invading bacteria, blood vessels contract, and platlets start to group
together to clot the blood. The clot is to stop the bleeding.
19. List the four ALL the possible blood types.
A + , A- , B +, B - , AB+, AB-, O+, and o20. Sketch out the four blood types.
See diagrams in notes
21. Explain what blood is the universal donor.
O- is the universal donor because is doesn't have any antigens on the in it.
22. Explain what blood type is the universal receiver.
The universal receiver is AB+, it has A , B, and Rh antigens and will recognize all the possible blood
types.
Bringing all together
1. List the characteristics of life and highlight the ones we have studied so far.
1. Made up of cells
2. Reproduce
3. Are made up of a universal genetic code
4. Obtains and use materials for energy
5. Maintain a stable internal environment
6. Respond to its environment (started this)
7. Taken as a group changes over time
8. Grow and develop
2. Why do living things need oxygen?
Most living things need oxygen to release energy from glucose.
3. Explain how the terms circulation, respiration, and breathing relate.
Breathing is the act of exchanging gases from the respiratory system into the air. When
oxygen enters the lungs it diffuses into the blood stream and circulates in the blood and is
delivered to the cells. Once it is delivered to the cells it is used in respiration to release energy
from glucose.
4. Write out the balanced equation for cellular respiration and explain what is going on.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
glucose reacts with oxygen and releases the energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
This energy is
then used to do work for the cell and heat the body. Carbon dioxide and water are released as wastes.
Water is used in the body, but carbon dioxide is released back into the air.
5. List 3 examples of how the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory system maintain homeostasis in the
body.
Many possibilities
1. Sweating
2. Capillaries moving toward surface and inward in different temperatures.
3. Increased heart rate as the body needs more oxygen for high energy demands.