International Atomic Energy Agency
SENIOR REGULATORS’ MEETING, 22 September 2011
SAFETY AND SECURITY ASPECTS OF THE MANAGEMENT
OF HIGH LEVEL WASTE AND SPENT FUEL
Khammar Mrabit
Director
Office of Nuclear Security
Pil Soo Hahn
Director
Division of Radiation, Transport and
Waste Safety
Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
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Disposal and long term storage
How does the disposal option, as opposed to long
term storage, improve both safety and security?
SECURITY
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Global Nuclear Safety & Security Framework
Conventions: NSC,JC, CPPNM & 2005
amendments, UNSCR 1540…etc.
CoCs: RRs &
International
Instruments
IAEA
Safety
Standards
& Security
Guidance
S&S of RSs (non-binding)
IAEA Safety
& Security
Reviews
Services,
E&T, CRPs
Knowledge
Networks
Regulations &
Enforcements
National Nuclear
Safety & Security Infrastructure
Operation &
Use
TSOs, Research, E&T, Law enforcement
International Atomic Energy Agency
Agencies…
Disposal and long term storage
• High Level Waste and Spent Fuel requires a high degree
of containment (storage), isolation (disposal).
• (control and protection).
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Safety and Security Interactions
•
Safety & Security are two disciplines, but both have a
common overarching purpose – the protection of people,
society and the environment.
•
Security measures and safety measures have to be
designed and implemented in an integrated manner to
develop synergy between these two areas and also in a
way that security measures do not compromise safety
and safety measures do not compromise security.
SAFETY
SECURITY
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Security implications (storage vs. disposal)
Common requirements for storage and disposal (NSS-13,
NSS-14 & INFCIRC/225/Rev.5):
Main objectives:
•To protect against unauthorized removaltheft & other unlawful acts.
•To locate and recover missing material.
•To protect against sabotage.
•To mitigate or minimize effects of sabotage.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nuclear security elements
State responsibility.
Legislative and regulatory framework.
Competent authority.
Responsibility of the license holders.
The State PP based on State’s current
evaluation of threat.
Graded Approach.
Nuclear security culture.
Confidentiality.
…..
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Risk Management
State’s physical protection regime is capable of
establishing and maintaining the risk of unauthorized
removal and sabotage at acceptable levels through risk
management
Risk can be managed by:
•Reducing the threat;
•Improving the effectiveness of the physical
protection system;
•Reducing the potential consequences of
malicious acts.
International Atomic Energy Agency
Storage and disposal options
Analyzing storage and disposal options from
a nuclear security perspective:
•We have recommendations and guidance.
•We have methods to design, operate and
evaluate effectiveness of PPSs.
•We have systems for accounting and control.
•We are able to promote a strong security
culture.
•We have evaluation approaches.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Long term storage of HLW and spent
fuel
•
Short term security (operational phase).
•
Long term security.
•
•
•
•
•
Legislative and regulatory framework
Security assessment capabilities
Physical protection systems
Nuclear material accountability and
control
Nuclear security culture
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Disposal of HLW & spent fuel
•
OPERATIONAL PHASE
•
•
•
•
•
Legislative and regulatory
framework
security assessment
capabilities
physical protection systems
accountability and control
nuclear security culture
•
LONG TERM SECURITY
•
Malicious intrusion scenario (low probability)
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International Atomic Energy Agency
Conclusions
• There is currently a tendency to envisage
long-term storage of HLW and spent fuel, but
clearly both safety and security challenges
increase with time.
• Both safety and security implications should
be considered and measures planned and
implemented in a holistic and coordinated
manner.
• IAEA peer review & advisory services can help
provide effective support to MSs.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
…Thank you for your attention
K.mrabit@iaea.org
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International Atomic Energy Agency