Ch. 20:
Industrialization
Sec. One: The Industrial
Revolution Begins
(Mid 1700’s)
1. Define the following

Industrial Revolution


Period of technological
advancement/social change
that altered the way people
lived/worked
Textile

A woven material, or cloth
2. When/Where did it
begin?
It began in
England in the
mid-1700’s

3. Growing population




In the early 1700’s, advances in
agriculture led to a food surplus
…which led to a growth in population
…coupled with advances in medicine
leading to a decline in the death rate
…these all led to a growing demand
for manufactured goods
3. Population shift


At about the same time that the
population was growing in England,
more people began moving from the
country to the cities (rural-to-urban
migration)
These new city dwellers became a
source of labor for manufacturing
and mining
3. Abundant natural
resources



England had large supplies of coal
and iron ore
Coal was used to fuel the steam
engines (the source of power for the
new factories)
Iron ore was used to make these
engines and the factory machines
3. Stable government

Having a stable
government allowed the
British citizens to feel
secure doing business
(opening up factories)
3. Large supply of capital



England’s trade and the income it
derived from its colonial empire gave
it a strong economy
This allowed many entrepreneurs in
England to invest in new factories
and business
There was a willingness to try new
ideas and take a risk on those ideas
4. ‘putting-out’ system



Craftspeople in rural areas spun flax
(linen) into fiber (thread) in their homes
The fiber was then transported by
merchants to other craftspeople who
wove the fiber into fabric
This was a slow process that did not keep
pace with the growing demand for cloth
5. Flying Shuttle
Invented by John Kay
 A weaving loom that allowed
weavers to weave faster
than human spinners can
spin thread

5. Spinning Jenny
Invented by James
Hargreaves
 Allowed as many as 16
threads to be spun at once to
keep up with the output from
the flying shuttle

5. Water Frame
Invented by Sir Richard
Arkwright
 A large, water-powered
spinning frame that created
a very strong thread that was
strong enough to handle the
spinning jenny

5. Spinning Mule


Invented by Samuel Crompton
A combination of a spinning
jenny and a water frame that
made strong, fine fiber in half
the time it took to make the
same amount of fiber from the
spinning jenny & water frame
6. Effect of steam power on
the industrial revolution



James Watt’s Coal-Powered Steam
Engine & Edmund Cartwright’s
Steam Power Loom created a new
source of energy for the factories
Because Steam engines used coal
rather than water, it allowed for
factories to be built anywhere
Steam engines also led to the
growth of steam-powered railroads
which allowed for the cheaper
transport of goods throughout G.B.
Ch. 20 (s.1): in-class activity
• Create one of the following…
1.) A diagram of either a flying shuttle,
spinning jenny, water frame, or spinning
mule(5pts. - accuracy; 5pts. – effort and
creativity)
2.) A diagram showing the ‘domino-effect’
for one of the following events…
•Factors that led to the Industrial
Revolution
•Textile inventions (why each one was
invented)
•Effects of Steam Power on the
Industrial Revolution (5pts. - content;
5pts. - effort/creativity)
Sample for diagram #1
Sample for diagram #2