Industrial Revolution
EQ: What are the significant
terms to know to understand
the Industrial Revolution?
1. Industrial Revolution
• Sudden acceleration of technological and
economic development that began in
Britain in the 18th century and spread
throughout the world
• Traditional farming economy replaced by
an economy dominated by machinery and
manufacturing
• Transferred political power away from the
landowner to the industrial capitalist and
created an urban working class
Industrial Revolution
http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/home.html
2. Agricultural Revolution
• Period of time
between the 18th
and 19th centuries
which saw a massive
and rapid increase in
agricultural
productivity and vast
improvements in
farm technology
http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=632231
2. Agricultural Revolution
• Better food supply
–
–
–
–
–
Larger farms
Crop rotation
Synthetic fertilizers
New machines
Displacement of farm
workers
• Many went to to the
cities looking for
factory jobs
http://www.passionistsisters.org/about/history-of-the-passionist-sisters/
3. Crop rotation
• Practice of growing
different crops one
after the other on
the same land to
keep the land as
productive as
possible
• Increased food
supply was a
prerequisite
(requirement) for
industrialization
y.com/Articles/233/Ghttp://www.gardenalitarden-Types/Food-Gardens/Vegetable-Garden-Crop-Rotation/default.html
4. Industry
• Economic activity
focused on
manufacturing
(making things)
http://lifeboat.com/ex/flexible.automated.manufacturing
5. Textiles
• Cloth
• Textile industry
(manufacturing of
cloth) was the first
industry to
industrialize.
http://www.textilefromturkey.com/2012/10/06/turkish-textile-company-invest-textileproject-dagestan/
Inventions in Textile Machinery
Several inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during
the Industrial Revolution.
•1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an improvement to looms that enabled
weavers to weave faster.
•1769
•1770
•1773
•1742
•1764
The
Hargreaves
Cotton
Spinning
Water
first
frame
mills
all-cotton
jenny
patented
patented
were
invented
invented
first
textiles
the
by
opened
water
by
Richard
Spinning
were
James
frame.
inproduced
England.
Arkwright
Hargreaves
Jenny.
-factories.
the- the
first
powered
machine
textile
to improve
machine.
•1779 Arkwright
Crompton
invented
thethe
spinning
mule
thatinallowed
forfirst
greater
control
over theupon
the
spinning
wheel.
weaving
process.
Several inventions in textile machinery occurred in a relatively short time period during
the Industrial Revolution.
•1733 Flying shuttle invented by John Kay - an improvement to looms that enabled
weavers to weave faster.
•1742 Cotton mills were first opened in England.
•1764 Spinning jenny invented by James Hargreaves - the first machine to improve upon
the spinning wheel.
•1764 Water frame invented by Richard Arkwright - the first powered textile machine.
•1769 Arkwright patented the water frame.
•1770 Hargreaves patented the Spinning Jenny.
•1773 The first all-cotton textiles were produced in factories.
•1779 Crompton invented the spinning mule that allowed for greater control over the
weaving process.
6. Entrepreneurs
• People who organize,
operate, and assume
the risks of a new
business.
• Modern examples
include Bill Gates,
Steven Jobs and …
http://www.123rf.com/photo_13779218_dark-chalkboard-with-the-word-entrepreneurillustration.html
• The Industrial
Revolution that
occurred in Europe
during the 19th
century was of great
importance to the
economic future of
the United States.
• (1) transportation
was expanded
• (2) electricity was
effectively
harnessed
• (3) improvements
were made to
industrial processes.
Industrial Revolution Inventors
Person
Invention
Date
James Watt
First reliable Steam Engine
1775
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for
muskets
1793, 1798
Robert Fulton
Samuel F. B. Morse
Elias Howe
Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson
1807
River
Telegraph
Sewing Machine
1836
1844
Improves and markets Howe's Sewing
Machine
1851
Transatlantic Cable
1866
Telephone
1876
Phonograph, Incandescent Light Bulb
1877, 1879
Nikola Tesla
Induction Electric Motor
1888
Rudolf Diesel
Diesel Engine
1892
Orville and Wilbur Wright
First Airplane
1903
Model T Ford, Assembly Line
1908, 1913
Isaac Singer
Cyrus Field
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Henry Ford
7. Factory System
• An efficient
combination of
workers and powerdriven machinery
that replaced
cottage industry and
the craftsmen
• Manufacturing of
textiles was the
first industry to
change.
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/auto-manufacturing/automotiveproduction-line.htm
8. Urbanization
• Process in which an
increasing percentage
of the population lives
in cities
• An effect of
industrialization
• From 1800-1850 a
significant increase in
the number and size
of cities in Europe and
in the United States
http://urbantimes.co/2012/07/urbanization-is-not-the-problem-
/
dealing-with-it-is
9. Capitalism
• An economic system
that focuses on
individual ownership
of wealth and
property
10. Adam Smith
• 18th century Scottish
economist
• Wealth of Nations
attacked mercantilist
ideas
• Supported laissez-faire
– Economy should be left
alone to regulate itself by
its own natural laws.
– Laws of supply and
demand control prices.
10. Adam Smith
• People should be
free to pursue their
economic selfinterest.
• Government should
be a passive
policeman in
regulating the
economy.
11. Socialism
• Economic theory
believing that there
should be common
ownership of all
property.
• Includes common
ownership of
factories, railroads,
and infrastructure
• Founder – Karl Marx
Karl Marx
12. Labor Union
• Organization of
workers
• Created to protest
the working
conditions within the
original factories
• Successes included:
– 8-hour working day
– Minimum wage
– End of child labor