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Learn how to identify and categorise
stakeholders.
Consider different stakeholder structures and
responsibilities in groundwater management.
Get guidance on how to maintain stakeholder
participation over time.
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Stakeholders want to participate:
◦ To protect their interests;
◦ To get problems fixed.
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Stakeholders need to participate:
◦ Government decisions hard to implement without
social support;
◦ Some management tasks are more efficiently carries
out by stakeholders;
◦ Small aquifers require local management.
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Informed decision-making using
stakeholder experience;
Conflict prevention by development of
consensus and information sharing.
social benefits - promote equity among
users;
economic benefits - optimize pumping and
reduce energy costs;
technical benefits - better estimates of
water abstraction.
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Civil society-Consumers, NGOs, CBOs, Trade
unions, Labour, media.
Service providers-formal (public utilities) and
informal (water vendors, farmers with water from
private wells)
Policy formulation and Coordinating bodiesNWC,GWP, NIWRMC
Private sector- Banks-Micro financing, PPPs, and
IFIs WB, AFDB
Regulatory bodies
River Basins Authorities
Trans boundary organisations
External support agencies
Legislators
S/N Stakeholders
Examples
Roles
1
Civil Society
WASHCOMS, Water Users
Association, NEWSAN, AUCPTRE,
Climate Change Information
Network, Water and Sanitation
Media Network, Newspapers , TV,
Radio
Increase
awareness .
Mobilise public
participation
Awarenessraising, advocacy
and building
synergies for
sustainable water
financing
2
Service providers
Water utilities, water vendors,
Bottling companies, farmers,
sewerage firms
National IWRM
policies and
legislations
determine the roles
and responsibilities
of the various
levels of service
provision
In Nigeria,
3
Policy formulation
and Coordinating
bodies
National Water Resources
Council, National Integrated
Water Resources Management
Commission , National
Sanitation Task Force,
Policy formulation and C
oordinating bodies
Provide structures for coordination between different
organisations
Improved co-ordination
Recommend creation of new
departments or commissions
/committees and authorities
.An example is the new
National Technical Sub
Committee on IWRM
4
Local Governments
LGA, LGDA etc
Act as both service providers
and regulators
Providing information and
supporting dialogue among
stakeholders and policy makers
Local governments use
economic instruments to
influence the behaviour of their
citizenry. These include rate
structures and charges, fees
for permits as well as fines and
penalties.
They use regulatory
instruments, such as by-laws,
to influence the
implementation of IWRM
practices within their
boundaries.
S/N
Stakeholder
Examples
Roles
5
Private sector
World Bank Urban
Sector reform
projects, AFDB in
Osun, Yobe, Taraba,
Oyo states
Micro finance and community banks
International Financial institutions
such as the World Bank, AFDB provide
loans to public sector service
providers for the promotion of PPPs1st and 2nd National Urban Water
sector reform programme
The main types of private
involvement (also known as
privatisation and PPP) in water service
provision are through: management
and service contracts, leasing, BOTs,
concessions, Joint ventures and
Divestiture
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River Basins
Organisations
12 River Basins Dev.
Authorities in in
Nigeria
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The River basin organisations
(RBOs )deal with the water
resource management issues in
a river basin, a lake basin, or
across an important aquifer.
Their functions vary from
resource management and
planning, to education of basin
communities, Recent
innovation has focused on an
Integrated River Basin
management approach (IRBM),
S/N
Stakeholders
Examples
Roles
7
Regulatory
bodies
FMWAWR/
NIWRMC
Functions are determined by
National policy and legislation
Allocation of water rights,
Environmental management
Economic regulation
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Transboundary
Organisations
Lake Chad
Commission,
River Niger
Basin
Authority
Trans-boundary organisations
provide a framework for
managing water resources
across international boundaries
S/N
Stakeholders
Examples
Roles
9
External support
Agencies
Global water
partnership,
European Union,
Water Aid, JICA,
DFID, UNDP,
UNICEF, GEF
Funding support to government and
CSOs
Implementation of model replicable
projects
Support for IWRM implementation,
water sector reforms
Capacity building
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Legislators
National
Assembly, State
Assemblies, Local
Govt councillors
Make laws
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Stakeholder analysis has three steps:
1. Identify the key stakeholders that could
potentially affect or be affected by changes in
groundwater management.
2. Assess stakeholder interests and the potential
impact of groundwater management decisions on
these interests.
3. Assess the influence and importance of the
identified stakeholders.
A. High interest/
Importance, High
Influence
B. High Interest/
Importance, Low
influence
C. Low Interest/
Importance, High
influence
D. Low Interest/
Importance, Low
influence
Level at which function performed.
Functions
Water User
Association
Collect water use
charges
Groundwater monitoring
Make rules on water use
Policing of groundwater
use
Participate in setting
targets
Settle groundwater
disputes
Water Mgmt
Agency
National
Authority
minor
minor
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minor
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Minor
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minor
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Inadequate attention given to government
agencies as stakeholder.
◦ Functions spread across gvt. agencies;
◦ Objectives differ;
◦ Opportunity to influence other gvt. agencies.
How can we get
government agencies to
work together?
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Participation can take place at all levels from
the tap to governing bodies.
A finely tuned balance of regulations and
incentives is needed for stakeholder
structures to function.
Government
Stakeholders
ZINWA Board
4 Catchment
chairpersons
ZINWA
Catchment
council
Catchment
manager
Sub catchment council
WUA
WUA
WUA
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Are you clear why stakeholders are being
mobilised – and the expected result?
Often just a task to be done because it is in
the work plan.
Stakeholders need to be convinced of the
benefit to them – many may see only
disadvantages.
Information, transparency, negotiation are all
essential.
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Mechanisms:
◦ Make complex situations understandable;
information is a basis for discussion;
◦ Empower stakeholder organisations so that they
have real responsibility;
◦ Ensure all stakeholders are represented;
◦ Where necessary, establish a sound groundwater
rights system.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Water Directors/Managers will present to
stakeholders a proposed scheme to charge for
groundwater use, monitoring and pollution
management.
The stakeholders will respond with questions and
comments on the proposals according to their
specific interests(irrigations/commercial
agriculture, subsistence agriculture, industries,
municipal, utility, household users etc
10 minutes to organise yourselves and your ideas
20 minutes for debriefing and
questions/comments
Wegovernment
have just
WhatGood
role News.
should
play in participatory
successfully drafted a
groundwater
policy
paper on management?
groundwater
management.