Water Industry In India:
Emerging Challenges and
Opportunities
Company Profile
Maruti Suzuki India Ltd.
• Production: 1.2 Million / annum
• Market Share : ~ 42 %
• Products
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800 cc
Alto
Omni
ECCO
Ertiga
Estilo
Wagon-R
A –Star
Swift
Ritz
Dzire
SX4
Gypsy
Kizashi
GrandVitara
Gurgaon Plant
Manesar Plant
Focus Areas ….
• Sustainable Development
• Life Cycle Emissions from Design stage
– Production Processes at plants and Vendors
– Product Use Emission
– End of life
Water Scenario
• India has a population of 1 billion
• 70% of irrigation & 80% of Domestic needs is met
through Ground water
• Per Capita Water water availability is likely to fall to
1000 cubic meters per year in 2020 as compared to
2000 cubic meters per year in 1997.
A
Case Study
On
Maruti Suzuki
Fresh Water consumption
120%
100%
100%
82%
80%
60%
51%
43%
40%
43%
39%
38%
36%
39%
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
40%
38%
39%
09-10
10-11
11-12
20%
0%
00-01
01-02
02-03
03-04
61% reduction in last 10 years
08-09
Water Usage In Industry
POTABLE
TUBE WELL
CANAL
WATER
TREATMENT
PLANT
INDUSTRIAL
DEMINERALIZED
Water Treatment Scheme
Fresh Water
(Tube w ell /
Canal w ater)
Air Washer
Raw Water
Tank
Ef f luent Tank
Industrial w ater
Pre Treatment
RO
Pre Treatment
RO
DM w ater
Primary +
Secondary
Treatment
Horticulture
Mixed Bed
Fresh Water
Dilution
Waste w ater
Potable w ater
RO Reject
Fire Hydrant
Sew age Tank
Toilet w ater
Primary
Treatment
Dilution Tank
Biological
Sludge f or
Horticulture
Inorganic
Sludge to
Hazradous
Waste Pit
Drain
to
HSIDC drain (if
excess w ater )
Horticulture
Tank
Waste Water In Industry
Domestic Use
STP
Fresh
Water
ETP & STP
treated water
Process Use
ETP
Legal Framework for
Waste Water Control
 The Water (Prevention and Control) Act
 The Water (Prevention and Control) Rules
 The Water (Prevention and Control) Cess Act
 The Water (Prevention and Control) Cess Rules
Environment Protection Act
Environment Protection Rule
Legal Framework for
Waste Water Discharge Standards
Standard
S. No
Parameter
1
2
5
6
7
Colour and odour
Suspended solids (mg/L)
pH value
Temperature
Oil & Grease (mg/L)
100
5.5 – 9.0
8
Total residual chlorine (mg/L)
Standard
Public
Sewer
Land for
Irrigation
S. No
Parameter
Surface
Water
Public
Sewer
Land for
Irrigation
10
600
5.5 – 9.0
20
200
5.5 – 9.0
10
19
20
21
22
23
Total chromium (as Cr) (mg/L)
Copper (as Cu) (mg/L)
Zinc (as Zn) (mg/L)
Selenium (as Se) (mg/L)
Nickel (as Ni) (mg/L)
2.0
3.0
5.0
0.05
3.0
2.0
3.0
15
0.05
3.0
-
1.0
-
-
27
Cyanide (as CN) (mg/L)
0.2
2.0
0.2
29
Surface Water
50
50
-
10
11
Ammonical nitrogen (as N)
(mg/L)
Total kjeldahl nitrogen (mg/L)
Free ammonia (as NH3) (mg/L)
100
5.0
-
-
12
BOD (mg/L)
30
350
100
13
COD (mg/L)
250
-
-
35
14
15
16
17
Arsenic (as As) (mg/L)
Mercury (as Hg) (mg/L)
Lead (as Pb) (mg/L)
Cadmium (as Cd) (mg/L)
Hexa. chromium (as Cr+6)
mg/L
0.2
0.01
0.1
2.0
0.2
0.01
1.0
1.0
0.2
-
36
37
38
39
0.1
2.0
-
9
18
(as F) (mg/L)
15.0
1. Fluoride
Public
Sewer 2.0
30 Diss. phosphate (as P) (mg/L)
5.0
2.
Surface
Water
32
Sulphide (as S) (mg/L)
2.0
3.
Use
for
Horticulture
33
Phenol compounds (mg/L)
1.0
5.0
Bio-assay test(Fish survival
rate after 96 Hrs)
Manganese (as Mn) (mg/L)
Iron (as Fe) (mg/L)
Vanadium (as V) (mg/L)
Nitrate nitrogen (mg/L)
-
90%
90%
90 %
2
3
0.2
10
2
3
0.2
-
-
Target
100% recycle
Use for
•
Process
•
Horticulture
Zero Discharge
Zero Discharge of effluent
Domestic Use
STP
Fresh
Water
ETP & STP
treated water
Process Use
ETP
Tertiary Treatment
Use for Horticulture
Water Consumption Trend
Water Consumption per Vehicle
Raw.Water M3/Veh
Recy.Water M3/Veh
100%
90%
80%
70%
M3/Veh
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-00
00-01
01-02
02-03
Year
03-04
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
Zero Discharge of Effluent
Domestic Use
STP
Fresh
Water
ETP & STP
treated water
Process Use
ETP
Tertiary Treatment
1.
2.
30% water Rejection
High TDS of Water
Use for Horticulture
Desalination Technologies
Membrane Separation
High Pressure membrane
•Reverse Osmosis
•Vibratory Shear
Enhanced Process
High Pressure Membrane
High Pressure Membrane
Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process
A VSEP filter uses oscillatory vibration to create high shear at the surface of the filter membrane. This high shear force
significantly improves the filter’s resistance to fouling thereby enabling high throughputs and minimizing reject volumes.
VSEP feed stream are split into two products—a permeate stream with little or no solids and a concentrate stream with a
solids concentration much higher than that of the original feed stream.
Desalination Technologies
Membrane Separation
High Pressure membrane
•Reverse Osmosis
•Vibratory Shear
Enhanced Process
Electrically Driven
Processes
•Electrodialysis
•Electrodeionization
Electrically Driven Processes
Electrically Driven Processes
Electrodialysis
Electrodeionization
Desalination Technologies
Membrane Separation
High Pressure membrane
•Reverse Osmosis
•Vibratory Shear
Enhanced Process
Electrically Driven
Processes
Novel Membrane
Processes
•Electrodialysis
•Electrodeionization
•Membrane Distillation
Membrane Distillation
Desalination Technologies
Membrane Separation
High Pressure membrane
•Reverse Osmosis
•Vibratory Shear
Enhanced Process
Electrically Driven
Processes
Novel Membrane
Processes
•Electrodialysis
•Electrodeionization
•Membrane Distillatiion
Thermal Technologies
Vapour Recompression
Multi-effect distillation
Thermal Distillation Technologies
Mechanical Vapor Recompression Evaporator
Multiple Effect Evaporator
Desalination Technologies
Membrane Separation
High Pressure membrane
•Reverse Osmosis
•Vibratory Shear
Enhanced Process
Electrically Driven
Processes
Novel Membrane
Processes
•Electrodialysis
•Electrodeionization
•Membrane Distillation
Thermal Technologies
Vapour Recompression
Multi-effect distillation
Non Thermal
Evaporation
Crystallizer
Non-thermal Brine Concentrator
Crystallizer
It contains two key components,
•Stage to convert water to high TDS
• Chemical and Mechanical process on the concentrated brine to
precipitate salt crystals out of it.
Rain Water Harvesting
Rain Water Harvesting (Scheme)
Coarse Sand
Gravel
Boulders
Borewell
Slotted Pipes
Gravel packing
Water filled Lagoon
Lagoon filled with rain water
Thank You !!!
STP –Process Flow
Treated
Water Tank
Raw Sewage
Softener
Bar Screen
Sludge
Dewatering
(Filter Press)
Activated
Carbon Filter
(ACF)
Equalization
Tank
Sludge
Holding Tank
Multi Grade
Filter (MGF)
Primary
Settlement
Aeration
Secondary
Settlement
Sodium
Hypochlorite
Dosing