ISGF Technology Session
Improving System Reliability through
Automating Rural Feeders and
Substations
Amit Sharma
27th April 2012
Automatic Circuit Reclosers and Sectionalizers
Amit Sharma
24th Nov 2011
Overhead Faults
● 60% - 70% of faults are of a transient (temporary) nature:
• Conductors clashing in the wind
• Tree branches falling on overhead conductors
• Animals or birds getting curious
• Lightning strikes
 An “auto-reclose” cycle should clear the fault
• Some are more permanent:
• Careless motor vehicle drivers
• Operating error : leaving earths connected etc
 “lock out” of the section
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What is a Recloser ?
● A Recloser is a protection device:
● For overhead power lines
● It is a circuit breaker with more arduous
test & install conditions
● Designed to RECLOSE on to a fault.
● Terminology
● The “auto-reclose” cycle
●Will detect a fault and open for a pre-programmed time,
before closing again automatically
●This cycle can be repeated 3 times
●Lockout typically on the fourth trip
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What is a Sectionaliser ?
● A Sectionaliser is a switch:
● It is used in conjunction with an upstream “recloser” or “circuit breaker”
● It counts the interruption created by a recloser during a fault sequence.
● On a preset count
●trips during the dead time of the up stream recloser
●Isolates a faulty network section
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Benefit to the Customer
● Improved reliability of power supply
● Quality of supply
● Automatic recloser function - supply restoration after temporary faults
● Reduced outage time
● Minimise revenue loss
● Event Log and Remote control
● Reduce cost of fault finding
● Better knowledge of the network
● Reduction in the number of customer complaints
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MV NETWORK
MANAGEMENT
- why improve MV distribution?
●
To obtain the best possible power
quality
The main issue is to reduce
outage time and cost to the utility
and its customers
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- how can outage time be reduced?
● By improving
MV networks:
● By improving the MV
networks management:
 Large number of short
sections
 With Fault Passage
Indicators (FPI’s)
 Redundant networks
 Or with remote
controlled load break
switches
 Reliable components…
 Or with fully automated
reclosers and
sectionalizers
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- different types of devices
R
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R2
10
- overhead networks: types of faults
● Temporary
faults
80%
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● Permanent
faults
20%
11
- temporary faults
● Temporary faults can be cleared by the
use of Automatic Circuit Reclosers
(ACRs)
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- temporary fault: one recloser
R
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- temporary fault: one recloser
O
15
s
C
R
100%
Time
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- temporary fault: one recloser
O
15
s
15
s
C
R
100%
Time
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- temporary fault: one recloser
O
15
s
15
s
C
R
100%
Time
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- temporary fault: one recloser
O
15
s
15
s
15
s
C
R
100%
Time
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- temporary fault: one recloser
O
15
s
15
s
15
s
C
R
100%
Time
2
mn
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- temporary fault: TWO reclosers
R1
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R2
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- temporary fault: TWO reclosers
R1
Network A50%
R2
Network B50%
Network
B
Time
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- permanent faults
Permanent faults cannot be cleared by
automatic reclosing
To manage “permanent faults”, the
best solution is to add some
“sectionalizers”
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- case 1: no network automation
Permanent fault
R
100%
5H – 6H
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- case 1: no network automation
Permanent fault
R
100%
95%
5H – 6H
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- case 2: addition of non-communicating fault
passage indicators (FPI)
An FPI for each branch of the network
R
Add an FPI around
each major
«obstacle»…
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- case 3: addition of communicating FPIs
R
Put several
communicating
FPIs in strategic
locations
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- case 4: addition of communicating FPIs and remote
controlled load break switches
T
T
R
T
T
T
remote controlled load break
switches
Communicating FPI
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- case 5: recloser and sectionalizer load break
switches
R
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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
Sectionaliser load break switches are
always associated with a recloser or circuit
breaker:
● S1 = opens after ONE reclosing
operation
● S2 = opens after TWO reclosing
operations
● S3 = opens after THREE reclosing
operations
● S4 = opens after FOUR reclosing
operations
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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches Permanent fault
S3
R
S4
S3
1
1
1
S2
S2
S1
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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
Permanent fault
S3
R
S4
S3
2
2
2
S2
S2
S1
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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
Permanent fault
S3
R
S4
S3
2
2
2
S2
S2
S1
2’
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- case 5: recloser and
sectionalizer load break switches
Permanent fault
S3
S4
R
S3
S2
S2
S1
95
%
75
%
2’
60’
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- summary of overhead networks 1/2
Permanent fault
95%
Case 1
A recloser
6h
95%
Case 2
A recloser
+ FPIs
3h
95%
Case 3
A recloser
+ FPI with Com
1h30
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- summary of overhead networks 2/2
Permanent fault
95%
Case 4: A recloser,
70 %
remote controlled
switches
and FPI with Com
10
’
1
h
95%
Case 5
75 %
A recloser
and sectionalizers
2’
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1
h
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SAIDI/SAIFI variations – Quality Power
● SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) can vary from a
few minutes to several hours,
● SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) can vary from
1 to 10 and more, depending on :
● population density (rural or urban area)
● proportion between underground and overhead distribution
● maximum accepted costs for non distributed energy
Urban area
Rural area
Excellent
Average
< 10 mn
30 mn
< 30 mn
2 hrs
Poor
>2 hrs
>10 hrs
Permanent Interruptions (>1 mn)
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33/11 KV Unmanned Remote
Controlled S/s
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Compact, Unmanned, Remote controlled 33/11 KV S/s with
2 transformers each up to 10 MVA.
● Half space than a conventional s/s.
● Economic as very less civil work.
● Saving in execution time and costly land in urban areas app.
● Remote regular maintenance.
● CB,Current & Voltage sensors are life sealed ,insensitive to the environment.
● All types of protection OC,EF,UV,OV,OF,UF,DF, measurement KW,KWH,KVArH,
data logging and event recording & self diagnostic facility helps to analyze
the system and energy consumption.
● Delivers quality power.
● Automatic callout to the remote control station in case of predefined critical
alarms.
● Communication with the remote central control station using GPRS Network
or other media like GSM, 3G, PSTN, Leased Lines, Radio, VSAT etc. using
established and field proven IEC 60870-5-104. Scalable to SCADA.
● Sub-station will have a unique aesthetic view in a crowded city.
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33/11 KV
unmanned
Remote
controlled s/s
within
25Mx15M
space
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33/11 KV s/s at Judges Filed Guwahati with 2 Nos. 5 MVA
Transformers.
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33/11 KV S/s at Kamakhya, Guwahati
with 2x5MVA Trfr.
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Unmanned 33/11 KV , 10 MVA s/s at Nalagarh, HP
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Pole mounted 11 KV Breakers/AR ( Sub station Application)
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Channel Mounted 33 KV Breakers (SS Aplication)
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Typical layout of 33/11 KV s/s with 2 Nos. 5 MVA Trfr.
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Architecture – GPRS
Control Center
Remote Access
to maintenance
staff
14 ” LCD
14 ” LCD
ADSL Line
M2M
Gateway
ADSL Line
GPRS Cloud
Substation # 1
Future Substations (up to 30 nos.)
1
2
3
4
Br eake r
C ontrol
C ubic le
Br eake r
C ontrol
C ubic le
Br eake r
C ontrol
C ubic le
Br eake r
C ontrol
C ubic le
Br eake r
C ontrol
C ubic le
RS 23 2
or
Ethernet Port
RS 23 2
Nule c D ir ect
Protoc ol
RS 23 2
Nule c D ir ect
Protoc ol
RS 23 2
Nule c D ir ect
Protoc ol
RS 23 2
Nule c D ir ect
Protoc ol
n
Rs232 to
Ethernet
Converters
(If required)
Ethernet Switch
SEPAM
T-87
Ethernet Switch
Leased Line
Energy
Meters
CAT 5
CAT 5
Leased Line
RS 485 (Modbus)
Twisted Pair Cu
GPRS Router
GPRS Router
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Architecture – ASEB (Judge’s Field S/S)
SMS
or
3rd party SCADA
WSOS
Protocol Gateway
Two way with Dynamic IPs
Service provider independent VPN
Data encryption
Leased Line with Static IP
Firewall
Scalable to any third party SCADA
Nulec Direct
TCP/Modbus
GPRS M2M Gateway
VPN Tunnel
GPRS
(DHBVN’s Scope)
VPN Tunnel
using Remote Moblie VPN
Judge’s Field S/S
Judge’s Field S/S
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33KV Remote controlled VCB- substation application
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33KV substation and feeder breaker
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33 KV breaker in 33/11 KV S/S with 33/11 KV transformer
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33KV outdoor VCB Breaker in Pandav-Nagar ( Delhi)
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33KV Pole Mounted Breaker protecting a 10 MVA 33/11 KV
Transformer
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Make the most
of your energy™
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Thank You!!
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