Article SummariesAffirmative
Aquaculture
Defining Terms
Aquaculture
 Aquaculture works similarly to
livestock farming on land: fish
farms are built in limited space,
and every aspect of the fishs'
lives is managed by the farm
operator. Aquaculture is often
considered to be a solution to
overfishing because farm
operators have a strong
incentive to ensure that fish
populations remain stable.
Defining Terms
Agriculture
 Farming for crops or livestock on
land. Uses irrigation (water
systems), pesticides, breaking
up the soil, and large amount of
food resources.
Defining Terms
NOAA
 The National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration is the main
federal government agency that regulates the oceans and the
Earth's atmosphere. Most people that support aquaculture argue
that NOAA should be the agency in charge of regulation.
Defining Terms
Sustainability
 Almost all human activities influence the environment, and one
important question is whether this influence is sustainable or
unstainable. Sustainable practices can be continued for a long
time, while unsustainable practices will run into barriers that force
them to stop.
 Example: Oil - Unsustainable V.S Wind - Sustainable
Overfishing
Article 1
Overfishing has depleted fish
populations around the world,
threatening food security for billions of
people. Aquaculture can prevent
overfishing.
Aquaculture and
Food Security
This increases
available fish for
food insecure
countries without
overfishing.
Article 2
Well-regulated aquaculture
is more environmentally
sustainable and resource
efficient than either land
agriculture or fisheries. A
lot of current aquaculture,
however, is based in
countries with poor
environmental regulation.
Article 3
40% of the Earth's land
is currently used for
agriculture, but most
agriculture is extremely
resource-intensive and
inefficient. Aquaculture
is a more sustainable
alternative.
Agriculture
Impacts
Article 4
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=z0J2VELZ4RU
3 billion people are dependent on fish for 20% of their protein, fish are the primary
source of protein for another 500 million people. Preventing overfishing is necessary
to ensure food security.
Article 5
The world's poorest
two billion people
spend 50-70% of
their income on food
and are strongly
impacted by
increases in food
prices.
Article 5
continued...
Without
increasing food
production, food
prices will rise,
risking famines
and wars around
the world
Environmental
destruction
Resource depletion
War
Famine
Rising Food prices
Cause
Article 6
Aquaculture is
increasing around the
world, but so far the U.S
hasn't followed this
trend. Federal
government regulation
through NOAA would
encourage U.S
aquaculture
development and lead
to economic benefits.
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=3Oi9GARr-Xc
Without the Affirmative (The
Status Quo)
Article 7
 permits are issued by many
different agencies, this:
 causes confusion
 discourages private
companies from investing
in aquaculture
With the Affirmative
(The Future)
 Issuing permits under a single
federal agency (NOAA)
would promote aquaculture
development.
Article 8
Federal regulation
would encourage
aquaculture to be
developed in a
environmentally
sustainable way, and
overrules state
regulation that
harms the
environment.
Article Summaries Negative
Fisheries
Article 1
Fisheries are currently
becoming more
sustainable due to
federal and state
regulation. Many fish
populations that has
been at risk fifteen years
ago have now been
completely rebuilt.
Article 2
 Aquaculture fails to increase
food security because the
most popular fish products
are luxury foods intended for
consumers in rich countries.
Additionally, large
aquaculture operations hurt
small fisherman by
increasing the supply of fish
and pushing down their
market price.
Article 3
Aquaculture
increases overfishing
because the most
common farmed fish
eat other fish. As a
result, overfishing
occurs in other parts
of the world in order
to support
aquaculture.
Negative effects of
Aquaculture
Article 4
 increased waste
 fish escapes
 increased risk of diseases
 use of antibiotics
Waste Diagram
Article 5
 Many farmed fish are
fed with soy that's
grown on land. Soy
farming has a
number of negative
effects, including
deforestation,
pollution of oceans,
and displacement of
indigenous people
in South America.
Article 6
Many countries,
including the U.S,
are currently
working to reduce
overfishing and
preserve ocean
ecosystems by
designating parts of
the ocean as marine
protected areas.
Article 7
Food insecurity in
caused by poor food
distribution, not lack of
food production. More
than enough food is
produced to feed the
world's population, but
a lot of that food is
wasted, and many
people don't have the
money to afford it.
Article 8
Ocean ecosystems
are important for
several reasons:
• food
• medicines
• coastal
protection
• climate change
effects
regulation