Chapter 15 Personality
Exam Review
Psychology
Fall/Winter
The text defines personality as:
0 of 5
se
le
ta
b
se
di
c
bl
e
A
n
un
pr
e
ic
ta
pr
ed
A
t.
.
..
to
f.
ar
a.
ch
’s
ua
l
vi
d
in
di
n
A
..
t..
.
na
la
er
so
fp
to
d)
0% 0% 0% 0%
se
c)
e
b)
The set of personal
attitudes that
characterizes a person
An individual’s
characteristic pattern of
thinking, feeling, and
acting
A predictable set of
responses to
environmental stimuli
An unpredictable set of
responses to
environmental stimuli
Th
a)
This is a projective test where people express their inner
feelings and interests through the stories they make up
about ambiguous scenes
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
a) Rorschach test
b) MMPI
A
em
at
ic
Th
e
Fi
v
ig
B
pt
...
pp
e
rc
e
SM
-IV
D
M
st
te
ha
ch
or
sc
e) Big Five
R
0
of
30
d) Thematic
Apperception Test
(TAT)
M
PI
c) DSM-IV
Which of the following places the greatest
emphasis on the unconscious mind?
a) The humanistic
perspective
b) The social-cognitive
perspective
c) The trait perspective
0% 0% 0% 0%
yc
ho
a
na
ly
tic
...
tiv
er
sp
ec
ps
e
Th
e
Th
Th
e
so
ci
al
tr
ai
tp
-c
og
n
iti
v
rs
...
pe
is
tic
m
an
hu
e
Th
0 of 5
e.
..
e
d) The psychoanalytic
perspective
Which of the following is the correct order
of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?
0%
0%
0%
0%
a)
b)
c)
d)
Oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital
Anal; oral; phallic; latency; genital
Oral; anal; genital; latency; phallic
Anal; oral; genital; latency; phallic
0 of 5
Humanistic psychologists would most likely
be criticized for underestimating the value
of:
a) An internal locus of
control
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
b) Self-serving bias
c) Social influence
d) The spotlight effect
e) individualism
A
0 of 30
n
t
in
l
al
n
er
us
oc
o
...
fc
s
lfe
S
ng
vi
r
e
bi
So
as
flu
in
l
a
ci
T
ce
en
he
sp
o
g
tli
ht
ct
fe
f
e
i
iv
nd
id
m
lis
a
u
25%
25%
nx
st
ar
A
0 of 5
Fe
ng
er
Anger
Fear
Anxiety
lust
A
a)
b)
c)
d)
25%
lu
25%
ie
ty
According to Freud, defence
mechanisms are methods of reducing:
Research on locus of control indicates that
internal are ________ than externals.
0%
0%
0%
0%
a)
b)
c)
d)
More dependent
More intelligent
Better able to cope with stress
More sociable
0 of 5
Randy’s substandard academic performance is
both a result and cause of his feelings of academic
inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of:
25%
a) Self-serving bias
25%
b) The Barnum effect
25%
c) Reciprocal determinism
25%
d) The self-reference phenomenon
0 of 30
The humanistic perspective on
personality:
rs
...
..
D
es
as
cr
ib
e
iz
e
s
s
pe
th
e.
..
Em
ph
as
Em
ph
0 of 5
iz
e
s
th
e.
..
th
e.
s
d)
iz
e
c)
25% 25% 25% 25%
as
b)
Emphasizes the driving force
of unconscious motivations in
personality
Emphasizes the growth
potential of “healthy”
individuals
Emphasizes the importance
of interaction with the
environment in shaping
personality
Describes personality in
terms of scores on various
personality scales
Em
ph
a)
Which of Freud’s ideas would not be accepted by
5
most contemporary psychologists?
0% 0% 0% 0%
th
...
..
be
m
in
d
si
on
is
ca
n
be
te
n
po
e
Th
al
ity
is
a
s
Se
xu
m
en
ti
el
op
ic
e
td
se
n.
es
Repression can be the
cause of forgetting
ev
d)
D
0
an
The mind is an iceberg
with consciousness
being only the tip
re
s
c)
ep
Sexuality is a potent
drive in humans
R
b)
...
Development is
essentially fixed in
childhood
..
a)
In studying personality, a trait theorist
would most likely:
0%
0%
0%
0%
a) Use a projective test
b) Observe a person in a variety of
situations
c) Use a personality inventory
d) Use the method of free association
0 of 5
Id is to ego as ____ is to ____.
a) Reality principle;
pleasure principle
b) Pleasure principle;
reality principle
c) Conscious forces;
unconscious forces
0 of 5
...
on
a
;“
pe
rs
s;
.
sc
i
on
C
C
on
sc
i
en
ce
ou
s
fo
rc
e
ci
pl
e;
pr
in
ur
e
ea
s
Pl
..
re
...
...
pl
e
pl
e;
pr
in
ci
lit
y
ea
R
d) Conscience;
“personality
executive”
0% 0% 0% 0%
Which perspective on personality emphasizes the
interaction between the individual and the
environment in shaping personality?
Psychoanalytic
Trait
Humanistic
Social-cognitive
iti
v
ci
al
-c
og
n
um
an
H
0%
e
is
tic
0%
So
Ps
yc
ho
an
al
yt
ic
0
of
5
0%
t
0%
Tr
ai
a)
b)
c)
d)
According to Freud’s theory, personality
arises in response to conflicts between:
..
m
pu
ls
n.
..
co
ol
og
i
ct
iv
e
lle
O
ur
bi
co
e
ca
li
id
of
un
en
tif
...
ur
g.
.
le
ta
b
ce
p
ac
un
ur
0
of
5
Our biological impulses and
the social restraints against
them.
O
d)
0% 0% 0% 0%
s
The collective unconscious
and our individual desires.
Th
c)
es
The process of identification
and the ego’s defence
mechanisms.
pr
oc
b)
e
Our unacceptable urges and
our tendency to become self
actualized.
Th
a)
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory (MMPI) is a(n):
a) Projective
personality test
b) Empirically derived
and objective
personality test
c) Personality test
developed mainly to
assess job applicants
tu
te
s
lit
y
Pe
rs
o
na
lit
y
na
rs
o
Pe
se
d
...
td
te
s
de
lly
ric
a
ev
e
a.
riv
ed
na
lit
rs
o
pe
Em
pi
iv
e
ec
t
Pr
oj
0 of 5
.
y.
..
d) Personality test used
primarily to assess
locus of control
...
0% 0% 0% 0%
The Oedipus and Electra complexes
have their roots in the:
a) Anal stage
b) Oral stage
c) Latency stage
d) Phallic stage
e
Ph
al
lic
st
st
ag
cy
te
n
La
ra
l
O
0%
ag
e
0%
st
ag
ge
A
na
ls
ta
0 of 5
0%
e
0%
Which of the following statements
about self-esteem is not correct?
lf.
..
...
se
h
hi
g
lo
w
ith
ith
w
w
Pe
op
le
le
le
op
Pe
se
lf-
se
se
lflo
w
ith
w
le
op
0 of 5
lf...
...
People with high selfesteem suffer less from
insomnia
Pe
d)
0% 0% 0% 0%
h
People with low selfesteem tend to be nonconformists
op
c)
hi
g
People with high selfesteem are less prone
to drug addiction
Pe
b)
ith
People with low selfesteem tend to be
negative about others
w
a)
hu
e
Th
iti
v
rs
...
-c
og
n
m
ic
na
ho
dy
yc
ci
al
en
t
ag
em
Ps
rr
or
-m
an
0
e.
..
0% 0% 0% 0%
pe
The social-cognitive
perspective
so
d)
e
The humanistic
perspective
is
tic
c)
Th
Psychodynamic theory
th
eo
ry
b)
m
an
Terror-management
theory
...
a)
Te
5
Professor Minton believes that people strive to find
meaning in life because they are terrified of their own
mortality. Evidently, Professor Minton is a proponent of:
Because Ramona identifies with her politically conservative
parents, she chose to enroll in a conservative college. After
four years in this environment Ramona’s politics have
become even more conservative. Which perspective best
accounts for the mutual influences of Ramona’s upbringing,
choice of school, and political viewpoint?
a) Psychoanalytic
b) Trait
0 of 5
iti
v
e
0%
ci
al
-c
og
n
um
an
t
is
tic
0%
So
Ps
yc
ho
an
al
yt
ic
d) Social-cognitive
0%
H
0%
Tr
ai
c) Humanistic
Jill has a biting, sarcastic manner.
According to Freud, she is:
in
d
xa
te
Fi
an
he
r
th
e
th
e
in
d
xa
te
Fi
xi
e
st
a
or
al
nx
ra
he
in
g
ec
t
Pr
oj
0 of 5
t..
.
0% 0% 0% 0%
st
...
Displacing her anxiety
onto others
ng
d)
la
ci
Fixated in the anal stage
of development
an
al
c)
is
p
Fixated in the oral stage
of development
D
b)
..
Projecting her anxiety
onto others
ie
t..
.
a)
James attributes his failing grade in
chemistry to an unfair final exam. His
attitude exemplifies:
5
a) Internal locus of
control
b) Unconditional
positive regard
0
ec
R
sm
er
m
in
i
al
ip
ro
c
se
e
Th
de
t
er
vi
ng
lfs
na
lp
iti
o
on
d
nc
U
bi
iti
..
os
on
of
c
us
ll
oc
te
rn
a
In
d) Reciprocal
determinism
tro
l
c) The self-serving bias
as
0% 0% 0% 0%
The behaviour of many people has been
described in terms of a spotlight effect. This
means that they:
0 of 5
e
ov
ft
he
D
o
al
lo
at
e
tim
re
s
ve
ab
ex
t
th
e
rf
he
i
tt
th
a
O
e.
.
at
e.
..
lv
..
m
se
iv
e
Do all of the above
th
e
d)
rc
e
Overestimate the extent
to which other people
are noticing them
Pe
c)
0% 0% 0% 0%
se
e
Perceive that their fate
is determined by forces
not under their personal
control
to
b)
nd
Tend to see themselves
as being above average
in ability
Te
a)
A psychologist at the campus mental health
centre administered an empirically derived
personality test to diagnose an emotionally
troubled student. Which test did the
psychologist most likely administer?
a) The MMPI
b) The TAT
c) The Rorschach
Th
e
0 of 5
on
tr
o.
..
of
C
Lo
Th
cu
s
e
R
Th
or
sc
e
ha
c
TA
h
T
M
PI
M
e
Th
d) The Locus of Control
Scale
0% 0% 0% 0%
The personality test Teresa is taking
involves her describing random patterns of
dots. What type of test is she taking?
25% 25% 25% 25%
0 of 30
A
e
pr
oj
ec
tiv
in
ve
lit
y
na
te
nt
or
y
M
PI
M
e
Th
rs
o
pe
A
n
A
4. A projective test
em
pi
ric
a
lly
de
riv
e
d.
..
3. A personality
inventory
st
1. An empirically
derived test
2. The MMPI
a) An empirically
derived test
b) The MMPI
c) A personality
inventory
0
e
pr
oj
A
lit
y
na
rs
o
ec
tiv
in
ve
M
e
Th
pe
A
te
nt
or
y
M
PI
.
riv
.
n
em
pi
ric
a
lly
de
d) A projective test
st
0% 0% 0% 0%
A
5
The personality test Teresa is taking
involves her describing random patterns of
dots. What type of test is she taking?
The concept of personality most clearly
embodies the notion of:
a) Moral integrity
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
b) Self-consciousness
c) Behavioural
consistency
0 of 30
nt
ity
id
e
at
io
n
de
r
liz
en
lfa
Se
G
ct
ua
si
st
...
ss
on
ne
ur
al
c
io
us
B
eh
av
io
lfc
on
sc
or
al
Se
M
e) Gender identity
in
te
g
rit
y
d) Self-actualization
Freud believed that certain troubling
symptoms could be traced to painful
unconscious memories. This led him to
suspect that these symptoms resulted from:
0 of 30
sm
de
t
al
ip
ro
c
ec
er
m
in
i
c.
..
of
e.
..
oc
us
ro
c
rn
al
l
R
n
A
yc
in
te
co
ho
lo
gi
ca
lp
ts
fe
c
Reciprocal determinism
Ps
e)
de
An internal locus of
control
rio
rit
y
d)
et
ic
Psychological processes
in
fe
c)
en
An inferiority complex
n
b)
G
Genetic defects
A
a)
m
pl
ex
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Free association is central to the
process of:
a) Factor analysis
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
b) Self-serving bias
c) Psychoanalysis
d) Reciprocal
determinism
os
iti
..
sm
na
lp
iti
o
on
d
nc
U
ec
ip
ro
c
al
de
t
ho
an
er
m
in
i
al
ys
is
as
bi
yc
Ps
R
lfs
er
vi
ng
ys
is
0
Se
ct
or
an
al
0
Fa
e) Unconditional
positive regard
30
Freud suggested that slips of the
tongue illustrate an incomplete:
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
a) Fixation
b) Displacement
c) Rationalization
si
on
io
n
R
ep
re
s
ec
t
Pr
oj
at
io
n
liz
at
io
na
is
p
D
R
la
ce
m
en
n
xa
tio
Fi
e) Repression
t
d) Projection
Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive selfconcept is promoted by:
ec
ci
at
io
n
sm
Fr
ee
as
so
s
ip
ro
c
al
de
t
co
ns
un
er
m
in
i
ci
ou
...
iti
v
os
R
U
nc
on
d
te
rn
a
ex
n
A
0 of 30
e
Free association
ct
iv
e)
...
Reciprocal determinism
na
lp
d)
ol
le
Collective unconscious
C
c)
of
Unconditional positive
regard
us
b)
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
iti
o
An external locus of
control
ll
oc
a)