HSB 4U
Chapter 1
Ms. Gluskin
CBC News. (2014, Aug. 24). Tina Fontaine, slain teen remembered at Manitoba funeral.
Retrieved Sept. 3, 2014 from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/tina-fontaine-slainteen-remembered-at-manitoba-funeral-1.2745031
Missing and Murdered
Aboriginal Women
• Tina Fontaine, 15, of Winnipeg, was found dead, in a
bag, in the Red River. She was from the Sagkeeg First
Nation, north of Winnipeg. She had been living in foster
care but ran away from home. Her father had been
violently beaten in 2011.
• Consequently there has been a lot of discussion about
having a full inquiry into the deaths and disappearances
of hundreds of Aboriginal women across Canada.
ACTIVITY:
• A) Given this information, what questions would you ask
in order to find out more? Think in a social science
mode.
• B) How would you go about finding out the answers?
Asking Questions and
Finding Answers in Social Science
Judgements
Scientific
Research
Personal stories
(anecdotes)
Research methods: PO,
interview, survey, controlled
experiment
Personal opinions
Analysis
Data (statistics)
Intuition
Personal experience
SUBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
Conclusion: social science is studied using…
Definitions - Matching
Anthropology “organization developed to meet
society’s basic needs.”
Culture
“Its goal is to develop a broad and
comprehensive understanding of
what it means to be human.”
Sociology
“The systematic study of human
social life, groups, and societies.”
Social
“The learned patterns of behaviour
Institution
and thought that help a group adapt
to its surroundings.”
Headings in First Set of Notes?
• What was the title of the section of the
chapter that covered pages 6-8?
History of Globalization in Brazil
• Globalization is simply increased trade
links between countries.
• What happened to Brazil’s economy since
the 1950s?
– Mechanization on large sugar plantations
– Less subsistence farming
– GDP per capita increased
Social Effects of Globalization
• One’s intuition might lead to thinking that
all of Brazil benefited from the economic
changes.
– What happened in “Bom Jesus” as a result of
the economic changes?
• Diet changed
• Infant mortality rate very high (stats)
• Other
Scheper-Hughes’
Research Methods
• How did she collect her data?
• How did she learn from the women?
– What safeguards did she use to protect them
and encourage them to be forthcoming with
their stories?
Key Concept Connections
• Which key concepts connect to the Bom
Jesus case study other than the one
bolded (GDP per capita)?
– Participant observation
– Anthropology
– Culture
– Behaviour
Anthropology, cont: Kinship
• Why is kinship an anthropological topic?
• Is kinship a synonym of family?
Family Tree
American
Nuclear Family
Ju/Wasi Camp
Trobriand Island
Ethnography
• What is it?
• Who uses it?
Kinship Matching
Mating ___
A) Descent
Birth ___
B) Marriage
Nurturance ___
C) Adoption
Kinship con’t
• A family friend you call “auntie” is an
example of:
• How could you tell if a family is matrilineal
or patrilineal?
Challenges of Kinship in a Diverse
Society
• In groups, take these scenarios and rank them
most (1) to least (7) in terms of the challenge
they pose in the multicultural society of Canada.
A: Same-sex marriage
B: Same-sex marriage spouses adopting children or
using a surrogate mother
C: Cohabitation
D: Blended families
E: Intercultural marriages
F: Arranged marriages
G: Children being raised abroad by their grandparents
Schools of Thought
• Are schools of thought the same as
disciplines?
– No, disciplines of social science are A, P, S.
– Schools of thought are sub-divisions within a
discipline.
– Definition = groups certain theorists and their
approaches together when they have certain
commonalities in how they interpret data.
Schools of Thought in
Anthropology Chart (12-14)
Functionalism Structuralism Cultural
Materialism
Attempts to
Attempts to
Similar- Attempts to
understand cultures understand cultures understand
ities
cultures
Unique
Focus
Criticisms
Social Institutions –
Three Definitions
• Examples: family, economy, religion,
education.
1.Established laws, practices and customs
in a society.
2.The organized way a society develops to
meet its basic needs.
3.Organized pattern of beliefs and
behaviours that focus on providing basic
social needs and producing and
reproducing social relations.
Schools of Thought in
Anthropology, con’t
•
For each of the following, indicate whether it matches with Functionalism (A), Structuralism
(B), or Cultural Materialism (C)
•
•
•
•
__ Learn how good or bad are defined in context.
__ Every practice has a purpose.
__ Infrastructure; structure; superstructure and technology.
__ Technology and economy determine what a society will be
like.
__ Institutions serve the best interest of the majority.
__ Overlooks negative results of some practices.
__ May try to fit the culture to the rules rather than vice-versa.
__ Too much focus on logic and stability.
__ Seeks to understand how the human mind forms binary
opposites.
__ Most economic in focus.
__ Involves social institutions.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anthro Schools of Thought
• Which two seem most related?
– __ and __ because of their emphasis on
___________.
• Which definition of social institution seems
most “functional”?
• Look at the time period for each school of
thought on page 13. What does this tell
you?
Binary Opposites
Not simply opposites:
“anthropologists must seek out
and explain these rules.”
“These binary opposites are defined
in a particular culture in a way that is
logical to its members.”
Bain, C., et. al. (2002). Transitions in society: the challenge of change. Toronto:
Oxford.
Psychology
Psychology
Darley and Latane Frisbee
Experiment (p. 16)
• Purpose: Why are they conducting this
experiment?
• Method: How do they gather data?
• Conclusions: What conclusions/lessons do
they arrive at based on their data? (include
a lesson and the data that supports it)
Key concepts: bystander, confederate, variable, situation (environment,
conditions, setting that influences people), behaviour
• When have you been a confederate?
• Are you more often a bystander or an
actor? Such as when…
UBC. (N.d.). The Really Campaign. Retrieved Sept. 8, 2014 from
http://really.ubc.ca/?attachment_id=419
Psychology
Experiments
1.
2.
3.
4.
Which gender multitasks better?
Does gender impact creativity?
Does gender impact on moral decisions?
Will people remember pictures or words
better?
5. Can memory be influenced by diet?
Ideas from http://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/undergrad/ptacc/instructorsguide.pdf
Types of Psychologists
For each psychologist, are they clinical,
experimental, developmental?
Freud: _______
Adler: _______
Jung: _______
Pavlov: _______
Piaget: _______
Skinner: _______
Erikson: _______
Types of Psychology (not
schools of thought)
• Clinical
• Experimental
• Developmental psychology:
– The study of progressive behavioural changes
in an individual throughout the lifespan.
Psychology
• Did you notice any major differences in the
way the various psychologists looked at
human behaviour?
– Were some similar enough to each other that
you might classify them into the same school
of thought?
Psychology Matching from Handout
Name the psychologist associated with each theory. In
some cases, name the theory as well.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Children feel inferior so they compensate by looking for
experiences that give them a sense of power. This is called
______________________.
Personal and collective unconscious.
Associate food with bell. This is called __________________.
Reward and punishment (or withholding of reward). This is called
_______________________.
Learning stages take place in the same order and at roughly the
same age.
Good and bad consequences of actions lead to learning.
Identity crisis.
Unconscious mind significantly influences behaviour.
*Schools of Thought in Psychology
• Psychoanalytic Theory = focuses on a
view of the mind that includes conscious
and unconscious (and its parts). Tends to
emphasize unconscious part of mind.
• Behaviourism = focuses on what
motivates human behaviour, especially
through early child-rearing methods.
• Learning Theory = focuses on most
human behaviour being learned.
*See text pages 18-21 for homework.
Psychology Matching From Text
Name the psychologist associated with each theory.
1. Permissive child-rearing produces well-adjusted
children.
2. Strict schedules and rules are good for children while
growing up.
3. Kids model behaviour learned through observation.
4. Divided the mind into three parts. They are called ___,
______, ____________.
5. Did experiments with rats, pigeons.
6. Did experiments with dogs.
7. Learning is a result of a stimulus-response effect.
Psychology From Text, con’t
Neuroses __
A conscience
Id __
B anxiety
Superego __
C pleasure
Ego __
D external reality
Food __
E imitation
Coloured disk __
F response
Bobo the clown __
G stimulus
Sociology Basics
• Role
– Hierarchy
• Status
• Role
– Norms
All of this takes place within various
social institutions.
Structure and Organization of
Society
• Social Institutions
• Roles
– Ascribed (born into), Achieved (earned)
• Equality / Inequality / Income / Socioeconomic
status
• Urban / Rural
• Ethnicity/Culture/Race
• Language
• Education
• Gender
Role Conflict
• What are some typical
teenage role conflicts?
• What are some role conflicts
experienced by your parents?
Role: Additional Definition
• A set of expectations for people who
occupy a given social position
Sociological Schools of Thought
Definitions you will need:
Capitalism = an economic system in which
profit is the driving force in a free market
with little government interference
e.g.,
Opposite =
Assimilation = the act of minority groups
giving up their unique culture and blending
into the majority
e.g.,
Opposite =
Sociological Schools of Thought
S of T
Funct
Neo-M
Sym Int
Fem
Incl
Main Ideas
+ (what
you
personally
like)
- (what
you
personally
don’t like)
I don’t like that it
doesn’t focus on
change or conflict
(ignores poverty,
class issues)
Social Institutions and
Sociological S of T
Functionalism:
Role of social institutions
Key social institutions (according to
 basic needs)

Neo-Marxism
Key social institutions (determinism)
POWER
X
Symbolic Interactionism
Role of social institutions?
Feminist Theory
Values within social institutions tend to be
Determinism
The problem is that values
within _____________s tend
to be sexist, or ____________.
Inclusionism
Sample Quiz Question
•
Feminist theorists believe that social
institutions are:
A Patriarchal
B Equal
C Symbolically interactive
D clinical
TOO SIMPLE A Question
• Male dominated is a synonym for:
A patriarchy
B hierarchy
C binary opposite
D neurotic