Skeletal, Muscular
and Nervous
Systems
Skeletal System
►The
Five main roles of your
skeletal system:
Provides support
Protects internal organs
Allows your body to move
Stores and produces materials
needed by the body
Skeletal System
►The
center of your skeleton is
the backbone, or vertebral
column.
►It consists of 33 vertebrae.
►It protects the spinal cord.
►The skull protects the brain.
►The ribs protect the heart,
lungs and other internal organs.
Skeletal System
►Many
skeletal bones act as
levers for movement. They
provide a point of attachment
for skeletal muscle.
►Let’s think of some examples.
Skeletal System
bones store calcium
and phosphorous, which are
released into the body when
needed.
►The breastbone and femur
produce red blood cells.
►Your
►Joint:
Skeletal System
A point where to more bones
come together.
►Cartilage: A tough supportive tissue
that is softer and more flexible than
bone.
►Ossification: cartilage hardens and
turns into bone. Remember, babies
have approximately 100 more bones
than adults. Cells continue to repair
themselves after ossification, even
when broken.
Skeletal System
►Compact
bone and spongy bone
make bones hard, yet light.
►Bone marrow: fills the spaces in
bone.
 Red marrow: produces blood
cells.
 Yellow marrow: stores fat.
Skeletal System
►Bone
joints allow for movement,
protecting from friction and force.
►Two types of joints, immovable
(skull) and movable.
►Types of movable
 Pivot
 Gliding
 Ball and socket
 Hinge
Skeletal System
►Ligament:
hold bones together.
►Osteoporosis: bones become weak
due to mineral loss.
►Exercise helps increase the
strength of bone.
►Fracture: The break of the bone.
Several different kinds of fractures.
Skeletal System Injuries
►Sprain:
An overstretched or torn
ligament. R.I.C.E. to treat a sprain.
►Dislocation: Bone ends forced out of
their proper location. The bones need
to be put back into location and then
braced until they heal.
►Torn Cartilage: Cartilage between
bones is torn. Typically repaired with
surgery. Quite common in the knees.
►Overuse Injuries: Can happen for
various reasons, although poor practice
in sport and work are often the cause.
Skeletal System
►Scoliosis:
Curvature of the
spine.
►Kyphosis: Curvature of upper
spine.
►Lordosis: Curvature of lower
spine.
Muscular System
►There
are three types of muscle
tissue in the body
►Smooth
 Involuntary muscle causing
movement in the body. These are
found in intestines and blood
vessels.
Muscular System
►Cardiac
 This type of muscle only found in
the heart and is involuntary
►Skeletal
 These are voluntary muscles that
control motor movement of our
body. They are attached to your
skeleton.
Muscular System
►Muscle
Tone: A continuous slight
tension in your muscles.
Examples?
►Atrophy: The weakening and
shrinking of muscle tissue.
►Hypertrophy: The strengthening
and enlargement of muscle tissue.
Muscular System
►Skeletal
muscles work in
opposition of each other. For
example, the biceps oppose
the movement of the triceps.
Muscle Injuries
►Strain:
a pulled muscle.
►Tendonitis: Inflammation of the
tendon.
►Muscle Cramps: Strong,
uncontrolled muscle contraction.
Often caused by dehydration, lack
of electrolytes and overuse.
► http://video.about.com/sportsmedicine/Pulle
d-Groin-Muscle.htm
Muscle Injuries
►How
can we prevent injury to
the muscle?
Nervous System
►The
system of the body which
receives information internally
and externally, process the
information, and then develops
a response.
Nervous System
►Neuron:
a cell which is the basic
structural unit of the nervous
system.
►Three types of neurons
 Sensory
 Interneurons
 Motor Neurons
Neurons
►Sensory:
These neurons gather
information from outside your
external and internal environment.
►Interneurons: Receive messages from
sensory neurons. These neurons are
located in the brain and spinal cord.
►Motor Neurons: Neurons that send
commands to muscles and glands to
react.
The BRAIN
The BRAIN
►The
Central Nervous System (CNS):
Includes the brain and spinal cord,
and is the control center of the body.
►Cerebrum: Eighty five percent of the
brain’s weight. There are two halves,
separated by the corpus collusum. It
controls speech, movement, abstract
and analytical thought.
The BRAIN
►Cerebellum:
Coordinates body
movements and provides balance.
►Brain Stem: Contains the
midbrain, pons and medulla. All
of these are responsible for
involuntary actions in the body. It
contains the midbrain, pons and
medulla
Spinal Cord
►A
thick column of nerve tissue linking
the brain to most of the nervous in
the peripheral system.
►The vertebrae of the backbone
surround and protect the spinal cord.
►It’s like the superhighway of your
nervous system. Information is
passed throughout your body via the
spinal cord.
►An
Reflexes
automatic response to
stimuli.
►What is the stretch reflex?
►How does it apply to exercise?
Peripheral Nervous System
►The
network of nerves that links the rest
of your body to your brain.
►Sensory Division: Nerves from your
external and internal environment that
carry information to the CNS.
►Motor Division: The nerves that carry a
response from the CNS to the rest of your
body. Two divisions, somatic and
autonomic.
Peripheral Nervous System
►Somatic
Nervous System: Motor
nerves that carry signals for voluntary
muscle movements, such as chewing
and throwing.
►Autonomic Nervous System: Motor
nerves regulate involuntary muscle
movements, such as breathing and
digestion.
Injury and Disease of
Nervous Systems
►Concussion:
A bruise of the brain
caused by a blunt force to the head.
►Coma: A prolonged period of deep
unconsciousness, caused by disease,
trauma or drugs.
►Paralysis: Loss of the ability to move
and feel a part of the body.
Injury and Disease of
Nervous Systems
►Meningitis:
A highly contagious
disease that causes inflammation
of the membranes surrounding the
brain an spinal cord.
►Rabies: An infection of the CNS
caused by the bite of a rabid
animal.
THE END