By: Andrés Pellicer
Pablo Olcina
TENSES
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
PRESENT SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL)
WOULD
PRESENT CONTIONUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
MODALS
Direct Speech
Indirect speech
CAN
COULD
MAY
MIGHT
MUST*/ HAVE TO
WILL
*MUST doesn’t change when:
• it’s negative
Ex: You musn’t tell her our secret
He said that I musn’t tell her our secret
• when it expresses a deduction
Ex: He must still be asleep
She said that he must still be asleep
HAD TO
WOULD
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
NOW
THEN
TODAY
THAT DAY
TONIGHT
THAT NIGHT
YESTERDAY
THE DAY BEFORE/ THE PREVIOUS DAY
LAST WEEK
THE WEEK BEFORE/THE PREVIOUS WEEK
A MONTH AGO
THE MONTH BEFORE/THE PREVIOUS MONTH
TOMORROW
THE FOLLOWING/NEXT DAY/ THE DAY AFTER
NEXT WEEK
THE FOLLOWING WEEK/ THE WEEK AFTER
HERE
THERE
THIS/THESE
THAT/ THOSE
REPORTED SPEECH : BASIC STRUCTURE
SUBJECT
( NOUN,
PRONOUN….)
TOLD (+ SOMEONE)
SAID
* THAT + REPORTED STATEMENT
EXEMPLE:
1- “We know which foods are causing problems behaviour” the doctor said
The doctor said/ told us (that) they knew wich foods were causing
problems behaviour
EXERCISE
1- “I ’m not feeling very well” said Paco
Paco told me that he wasn’t feeling very well
2- “I lost my wallet last night ” said Pepe
Pepe said he had lost his wallet the night before
3- “ I’ll book your ticket for 7,30” the recepcionist said
The recepcionist said that he would book her ticket for 7,30
There are verbs which give more information about what had happened
like claim, answer, agree, apologise, complain, declare, deny, explain,
suggest, recommend …
1- “I ’m not feeling very well” said Paco
Paco explained that he wasn’t feeling very well
2- “I lost my wallet last night” said Pepe
Pepe complained that he had lost his wallet the night before
3- “ I’ll book your ticket for 7,30” the recepcionist said
The recepcionist informed that he would book her ticket for 7,30
Reporting orders: Structure
To
Subject + told/order (somebody)
+ infinitive
Not to
Exemple:
“Don’t smoke” Benito said
Benito told/ order me not to smoke
Benito demanded me not to smoke
Some verbs are used in reported speech to express our intention.
These verbs are: shout, demand, warn, and beg
Reported orders:
For orders which are formulated in a polite way, we use ask instead of order or tell.
To
Subject + asked(somebody)
+ infinitive
Not to
Exemple:
“Coul you stop smoking, please?” Benito said
Benito asked me to stop smoking
Reported questions
•If it’s a question whose answer is Yes/No
Subject + asked(somebody) + if/whether + the statement
1- “Can you play the piano?” Juanito said
Juanito asked if I could paly the piano
•If it’s a question formulated with WHwhy
what
Subject + asked(somebody)
where
+ the statement
when
how
who
2- “ What is your name?” Jaimito said
3- “Why did you go to the cinema alone?” Juanjo
said
Jaimito asked what her name was
Juanjo said why you had gone to the cinema alone
Exercise:
Report what each person said. Complete the sentences with the words below.
Reminded ■ warned ■ suggested ■ asked ■ denied
I didn’t read your diary, Ellen.
You really shouldn’t swim alone in the
sea.
Let’s go out tonight, Sally.
He denied that he had read Ellen’s diary
He warned me not to swim alone in the sea
Sally suggested going out that night / that they
go out that night
Don’t forget to call me tonight, Tina.
She reminded Tina not to forget to call her that
night
Did you understand the joke, Cathy?
He asked Cathy if / whether she had
understood the joke
1. “I can’t live on my basic salary”, said Peter, “I’ll have to offer to do overtime”
Peter said he couldn’t live on his basic salary and (he added) he’d
have to offer to do overtime
2. “Are you going to see him at the airport?”, I asked her “Yes”, she said
I asked her if she was going to see him at the airport and she
answered that she was.
3. “ Shall I send it round to your hotel, sir?” The shopassistant asked the tourist
The shopassistant asked if he should send it round to his hotel.
4. “Shall we meet at the theatre?” he said.
He suggested meeting at the theatre/he suggested that they should
meet at the theatre.
5. I warn you: “Do not ever touch this!”.
He advised/warned me not to touch that
6. “How disgusting!”, Angela said, “What an awful thing!”
Angela said that it was a disgusting,and awful thing
1- He said that they would
keep on fighting until the end
2- He told us to give him freedom
3- He ordered us to raise
our hands
4- He predicted that that night was
going to be a good night
5- He suggested imagining all
the people living life in pecace
6- He demmanded to listen what he
said
7- She said that she had a feeling
inside and that intuition had always
been a women's guide.